2023届高考英语【考前技能篇9】概要写作的解题技巧.docx

【考前技能篇9】概要写作的解题技巧概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇300字左右的文章（体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习 时偶见其它文体），要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内容覆盖原文的要点。概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简 洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章的主要内容、基本观点或事实。它主要包括阅读和写作两个过程。一、思维导图二、概要写作评分标准及解读档次描述第五档 (21-25)理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言。第四档 (16-20)一理解准确，涵盖绝大局部要点；所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达；比拟有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；有个别整句抄自原文。第三档(11-15)理解较为准确，涵盖大局部要点；所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达；应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯；出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档 (6-10)理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点；有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达；较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性；出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档 (1-5)没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符；有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达；缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯；多个句子抄自原文。0白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。(1)总结1 简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；2 .自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，防止对原文进行抄袭照搬；3 .理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论， 也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现力believe”，力think”等字句；4忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；5,连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络 清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。(2)评分原那么1 .此题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2 .评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、 确定或调整档次，最后给分。3 .词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。5 .拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考 虑。6 .如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。（3）高考真题与样卷特点卷别长度体裁主题类型2019. 6369说明文父母如何恰当表扬孩子概要2018. 11358说明文在申请大学前，最好亲自提前了解大 学相关信息概要考试说明样卷398议论文在历史开展过程中，人们对于灰尘的看 法在不断地发生变化概要三、四步突破法第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确 原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。提醒一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。第2步：去次留精，提炼关键信息明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保存主要内容，删除次要内容。 先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。 原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。例如：Don't forget the clockor the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories （卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner las atleast 30 minutes. And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn relaxing music. It makes you less Hkely to rush through a meal.（画线局部为主题句）本段落主要再容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。 用自己的语言将画线局部重组后，关键信息如下：Record the time and set dinner time for half an hour as eating slowly helps take in less calories.第3步：归纳要点，合理转换表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为防止和原文的 句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来 定，分清主次。转换表达注意遵循2个原那么不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改 变原材料所表达的意思。不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。例如：Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could “ay a 】ole in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your选1 plan.（画线句为主题句）主题句关键词如画线所示:The. way you design your home may have an effect on your figure. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips; The way you design your home改为How to have your home designedo 主题句转换为 How to have your home designed affects your figure. Below are tips to design your home to help diet.第4步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复 杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要局部内容的连贯性。【策略演示】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。（2018 年月，浙江卷）It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because Cheir websites cac all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a collegecampus（校园）likevisiting_and_seeing_for_you】selfLthe_dorms,.classrooms _and_athletic_equipment_and,_ofLcou】se,_the_students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There's no excuse not to the schools in yourlocal area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won*t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go to check it out!If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting you】 acceptance letteis to visit the schools you'd like to attend, can savc you aot ofLheartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors （顾问）, and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive . While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.【思路点拨】第1步读懂原文，明确篇章结构原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。第1段：提出观点在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。分析各段主旨可判断，文章第12段是一个意义段，34段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可 归纳为3个要点。第2步 去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中向画线和阴影形式表达，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他那么为次 要信息。“蔡3步归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1 ：该要点中的“good idea”可用wise choice转述；“in your local area"可'转换为 where you live。第三段主题句可概括为要点2:该要点中的“visiting and seeing for yourself'可转换为pay a personal visito第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“time and money are making it impossible”可转换为all the above is not affordableo第4步句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要局部的句式。【参考范文】As a senior year student, it's a wise choice to visit would-be colleges near where you live before attending them for seeing is believing.（要点 1） You should find a chance to pay a personal visit even at your waiting in case you feel disappointed afterwards.（要点 2）If all the above is not affordable, you are advised to search the online college fair at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.（要点 3）