备考2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题10-情态动词.docx

专题10 .情态动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析：12.情态动词can和could的主要用法121 .情态动词may和might的主要用法13.情态动词 must 的主要用法142 .情态动词need的主要用法15.情态动词shall的主要用法163 .情态动词 should 的主要用法16.情态动词ought to 的主要用法164 .情态动词will的主要用法17.情态动词 would 的主要用法175 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法17.牛刀小试18考情分析：中考英语试题对情态动词的考查主要是：一般疑问句的问与答，理解情态动词表示 猜想的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”，“应该”或“必要”等。情态 动词本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓语动词，必须和动词原形连用(ought除外)。情态 动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)o1.情态动词can和could的主要用法(1)表不能力，意为"能,会如：Can you swim?你能游泳吗？His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses.他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了，但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。A. mustB. mustn'tC. needD. can't（2022内蒙古包头模拟预测）Lucy, I can lake care of your pel. But how often I feed it?Three times a day.A. mustB. shouldC. wouldD. may（2022辽宁铁岭县莲花第一初级中学模拟预测）You pull the cafs tail, or itwill hurt you.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. mightn't（2022辽宁铁岭县莲花第一初级中学模拟预测）一Do we have to come back before noon?No, we. We can play till 4:（X） p. m.A. can'tB. needn'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't（2022广西梧州二模）一Excuse me, must I return these books right now?No, you. You can keep them for another five days.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't（2022广西贺州模拟预测）You take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “Nophotos”.A. mustB. needC. mustn'tD. needn't（2022甘肃平凉二模）Mum, I've signed SF Express （快递）.What's in it?一I'm not sure. It be a present from your sister.A. mustn'tB. mustC. mightD. can't（2022-费州黔西中考真题）The headmaster often tells us that students go toswim in rivers by themselves. It's quite dangerous.A. musingB. mustC. couldn'tD. could26. （2022辽宁大连中考真题）一Wilson.you help me carry the box upstairs? 一Sure, no problem.A. couldB. needC. shouldD. might（2022广西梧州中考真题）一Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It's so hot.No, you. The sign says “No swimming”.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. wouldn'tD. shouldn't（2022广西玉林中考真题）一Hey, whose basketball do you think this is?It belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.A. mustB. canC. mustn'tD. can't（2022山东滨州中考真题）一Oh, my God! Til nearly lose my heart.Cheer up. Life be perfect all the time.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't（2022广西河池中考真题）As we know, sixtecn-year-olds drive a car in ourcountry.A. mustB. couldC. mustn'tD. couldn't（2022辽宁盘锦中考真题）一I can't find my dictionary.I use yours?一Sure, here you are.A. NeedB. MayC. MustD. Should（2022四川达州中考真题）一Exercising is good for our health.- You're right. So I'd rather an hour's walk than in front of thecomputer.A. to take; sitB. take; sitC. take; sitting D. to take; sitting（2022江苏镇江中考真题）I don care what Kate thinks.Well, you. Her suggestions are of some value.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could（2022辽宁朝阳中考真题）一Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future?一No, you. You can make your own decision and do whatever you like.A. don't have toB. can'tC. mustn'tD. couldn't（2022江苏常州中考真题）To achieve our dream, we rest on what we havedone.A. may notB. should notC. need notD. could not（2022广西中考真题）一 you tell us a story in English?I think I can do it. Let me try.A. NeedB. CanC. ShouldD. Must（ 2022广西柳州中考真题）一Can you play the guitar, Mark?Yes, I.A. canB. mustC. will（2022北京中考真题）I take photos here?Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.A. MustB. NeedC. CanD. Will（2022湖匕荆州中考真题）一Mike, I can't stop playing computer games.For your eyes, my dear friend, I'm afraid you A. couldB. mayC. wouldD. have to27. （2022江苏徐州中考真题）一Can we play games here?一Better not. If you, please go to the open space there.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will（2022四川雅安中考真题）一Excuse me.I sit here?You'd better not. It's the man's seat.A. MustB. NeedC. CouldD. Should（2022贵州黔东南中考真题）When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they be looked after well by us.A. shouldB. shouldn'tC. mayD. may not（2022辽宁辽宁中考真题）The paper cutting is pretty lively, who made it?It be Amy. None of us except her is able to do il.A. would B. need C. must D. can专题10 .情态动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析：12.情态动词can和could的主要用法121 .情态动词may和might的主要用法13.情态动词 must 的主要用法142 .情态动词need的主要用法15.情态动词shall的主要用法163 .情态动词 should 的主要用法16.情态动词ought to 的主要用法164 .情态动词will的主要用法17.情态动词 would 的主要用法175 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法17.牛刀小试18考情分析：中考英语试题对情态动词的考查主要是：一般疑问句的问与答，理解情态动词表示 猜想的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”，“应该”或“必要”等。情态 动词本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓语动词，必须和动词原形连用(ought除外)。情态 动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)o.情态动词can和could的主要用法(1)表不能力，意为"能,会如：Can you swim?你能游泳吗？His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses.他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了，但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。can和be able to表示“能力”时的区别：can只有现在式和过去式两种形式，而be able to 除了现在式和过去式，还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。如：She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.明天下午她将能帮助你。This is the information that I have been able to get so far.这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。（2）表示“许可，允许can和could没有时态上的区别，could比can在语气上更客 气；在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can。如：Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?你能告诉我去火车站的路吗？一Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？Yes, of course you can.是，当然你可以。（3）表示“可能”，can多用于否认句和疑问句。如：We know that a computer can't think fbr itself.我们知道计算机不可能自己思考。Can she still be alive after all these years?这些年过后，她仍旧可能活着吗？（4）表示否认推测，意为“不可能”。如：The shy boy can't be our monitor.（对现在情况的否认推测）那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。The ground is dry. It can't have rained.（对过去情况的否认推测）地面是干的，不可能下 过雨。1 .情态动词may和might的主要用法（1）表示许可，意为“可以"。might比may语气上更客气，更委婉。在回答may和 might引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may,否认回答要用muslnl如: 一May/Might I go now?我可以现在去吗？一Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't.是，你可以。/不，你一定不要。May/Might I have a talk with you?我可以和你聊聊吗？（2）表示可能性，意为“可能”，might的可能性比拟小。如：You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。He may/might be sick.他可能是病了。（3）表示对可能的情况推测，might的可能性比拟小。如：That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher.那个妇女进了教室，她可能是我们的老师。They might/may have gone out at that time.在那个时候，他们可能出去了。（4）表示祝愿。（may+名词或代词+动词）如：May you succeed!祝你成功！May God bless you!上帝保佑你！2 .情态动词must的主要用法must表示“必须”，“应该”,否认式mustnot/mustn' t表示“不准”，“禁止”。在 回答must引导的一般疑问句时，否认回答要用needn' t或don' t have to。如：The work must be finished as soon as possible.工作必须尽可能快得完成。You mustn't swim here» because it's dangerous.你一定不要在这游泳，因为很危险。一Must I be home before ten o'clock?十点钟，我必须在家吗？-No, you needn't/doivt have to.不，你不必一定在。（2）表示肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”。如：You must be hungry after such a long walk.（对现在的肯定推测）漫长的步行后，你一定是饿了。I didn' t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.（对过去的肯定推测）我没有听到那个 。我一定是睡着了。注意must和have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to表示客观需要； musl只有一种形式，可用于一股现在时和一般将来时，而have to有多种形式，可用于 不同时态。如：As a student, I must study very hard.作为一个学生，我必须努力学习。I have to be at my office before eight every morning.每天早上八点之前，我必须在我的办公室。3 .情态动词need的主要用法（1）need作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否认句和条件句。need无人称变化，后接动词原形，意思是“需要”。在回答need引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用musl,否认回答用needn' I。如：He needn't do that.他不需要那样做。一Need you go now?你需要现在去吗？ 一Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是，我必须（现在去）。/不，我不需要。（2） need可用作行为动词，用法与其他的行为动词一样。We need to think it over.我们需要仔细考虑。Does he need to go now?他需要现在去吗？She didn't need to know it.她不需要知道它。4 .情态动词shall的主要用法shall用作情态动词，用于第二和第三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”，“警告”,“允诺”的意思。在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示，多用于第一人称。如：You shall do as I say.你应该按照我说得做。Shall we take a walk after dinner?我们饭后去散步好吗？Let's go home together, shall wc?让我们一起回家，好吗？5 .情态动词should的主要用法(1)表示“应该”，说话人主观上认为的责任和义务，可用于所有人称。如：You should keep your promise once you make it.你一旦许诺，就应该兑现。(2) should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而shouldn* t have done表 示过去不应该做而实际上已经做了的事。如：It,s eleven o'clock. He should have arrived here by now.H点钟 了。他应该不晚于现在到这。You shouldn't have told anyone about that.你本不该告诉任何人关于那事。6 .情态动词ought to的主要用法表示“应该”，没有人称和时态的变化，只有一种形式。否认形式为ought not to (缩写形式为oughtn' t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词原 形。如：You ought to do it now.你应该现在就做。-Ought we to go there now?我们应该现在就去那吗？一Yes, you ought(to).是，你应该去。No, you ought not(to).不，你不该去。7 .情态动词will的主要用法表示“意志”，“意愿”，用于各人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿 或向对方提出请求。如：Wc will help her if she asks to us.如果她问我们，我们就愿意帮助她。Will you please give him a message when you see him?当你看见他时，给他稍个信好吗？8 .情态动词would的主要用法would是will的过去式，表示过去的“意志”，“愿望”，用于各个人称。用于陈述句和 疑问句中还表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉。She said that she would do that whatever happened.她说无论发生什么她都愿意做。I promised you that I would do my best to help you.我保证过我将尽力帮助你。一Would you like some apples?你想吃苹果吗？一Yes, rd like to.是的，我想吃。I would like to go with you tonight.今晚我想和你一起去。9 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动 词完成，“be+过去分词”局部不变。含有情态动词的被动语态变为否认句时，应在情态 动词后面加not：变为一般疑问句时，应将情态动词移到句首。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at （hat time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时.）Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）Waste paper should not be thrown here.废纸不应该扔在这里。Should it be done by Li Ming?这件事应该是李明干吗？n.牛刀小试（2022山东济南市槐荫区教育教学研究中心二模）一Gina,you show me how to make Russian soup?Sure.A. canB. mayC. mustD. should【答案】A【详解】句意：吉娜，你能告诉我怎么做罗宋汤吗？ 当然。考查情态动词。can 可以，能；may可以，主语通常为第一人称；must必须；should应该&根据“一Gina, .you show me how to make Russian soup?”可知,此处表请求，主语为第二人称,使用can。 应选Ao（2022江苏宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模）一He be in the classroom.No. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. shouldB. canC. mayD. shouldn't【答案】C【详解】句意：他也许在教室里。不，我一分钟前看到他回家了。考查情态动 词表推测的用法。should应该，表示推测时，语气比拟肯定，指非常可能的事情；can can和be able to表示“能力”时的区别：can只有现在式和过去式两种形式，而be able to 除了现在式和过去式，还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。如：She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.明天下午她将能帮助你。This is the information that I have been able to get so far.这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。（2）表示“许可，允许can和could没有时态上的区别，could比can在语气上更客 气；在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can。如：Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?你能告诉我去火车站的路吗？一Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？Yes, of course you can.是，当然你可以。（3）表示“可能”，can多用于否认句和疑问句。如：We know that a computer can't think fbr itself.我们知道计算机不可能自己思考。Can she still be alive after all these years?这些年过后，她仍旧可能活着吗？（4）表示否认推测，意为“不可能”。如：The shy boy can't be our monitor.（对现在情况的否认推测）那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。The ground is dry. It can't have rained.（对过去情况的否认推测）地面是干的，不可能下 过雨。2.情态动词may和might的主要用法（1）表示许可，意为“可以"。might比may语气上更客气，更委婉。在回答may和 might引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may,否认回答要用muslnl 可能，表示推测时常用于否认句和疑问句；may也许，可能，表示推测时常用于肯定句， 表示可能性不大：shouldn't不应该。根据回答和语境可知，这是肯定句且表示可能性不 大的推测。应选C。1. （2022河北二模）Look at the "No FishingM sign. You fish here.A. mustn'tB. shouldC. canD. needn't【答案】A【详解】句意：看“禁止钓鱼''的标志。你不能在这里钓鱼。考查情态动词辨析。mustn't 禁止；should应该；can能够；needn't不必。根据一No Fishing'sign”可知是禁止钓鱼。 应选Ao（2022甘肃武威二模）Zhangye Danxia, one of the world's top ten magical geographical wonders,be protected very well.A. mustB. wouldC. mayD. could【答案】A【详解】句意：张掖丹霞，世界十大神奇地理奇观之一，必须得到很好的保护。考查情 态动词。must 必须;would 将；may 也许：could 能够。根据“Zhangye Danxia, one of the world's top ten magical geographical wonders,”判断,该景点很重要，所以应该是必须得到 保护。应选A。2. （2022吉林长春二模）My lilUe cousin is so talented that he play the piano atthe age of three.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. could【答案】D【详解】句意：我的小表弟很有天赋，他三岁就能弹钢琴。考查情态动词。might可能； should 应该；can 能；could 能，过去式。根据“he.play the piano at the age of three.”可知 是指表弟过去能够弹钢琴,应用could。应选D。6. （2022辽宁锦州中考真题）一WiH plants grow on other planets?That be true. It's really difficult to predict the future.A. mustn'tB. shouldC. needn'tD. may【答案】D【详解】句意：植物会在其他星球上生产吗？那可能是真的。未来真的很难预 测。考查情态动词。mustn't不可以，表禁止；should应该，应当；needn、不需要；may 可能，表推测。根据"It's really difficult to predict the future”可知，未来很难预测，因此 推测可能是真的。应选D。7. （2022辽宁抚顺中考真题）一On my way to the supermarket, I saw Jimmy hanging out with someone.It be him. He has gone to Shanghai.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. mightD. could【答案】A【详解】句意：在去超市的路上，我看到吉米和某人闲逛。一不可能是他。他 去了上海。考查动词辨析。can't不可能；mustn't禁止；might可能；could能够。根据“He has gone to Shanghai.”可知，吉米去上海了，所以街上的不可能是他。应选A。8. （2022辽宁丹东中考真题）The lights of Toin's house aren't on. I think he be athome now.A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. won'tD. can't【答案】D【详解】句意：汤姆家的灯没亮着。我想他现在不可能在家。考查情态动词。mustn't 禁止；needn't 不必；won't 不会；can't 不可能。根据“The lights ofTom's house aren,t on." 可知此处是语气强烈的否认推测，灯不亮即人不可能在家。应选D。9. （2022山东济南模拟预测）一Is that Paul playing the piano in （he music room?It be him. I just saw him in Miss Li's office.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. canD. must【答案】A【详解】句意:在音乐教室弹钢琴的是保罗吗？一不可能是他。我刚才在李老师 的办公室看见他了。考查情态动词辨析。can't不可能;mustn't禁止；can能；must必 须。根据“I just saw him in Miss Ls office.”可知，保罗在老师的办公室里，所以音乐教 室里的不可能是保罗。应选A。10. （2022吉林长春市第 9八学校模拟预测）一Is Ihat black car over Ihere your uncle's?No, it be his. He has driven to Jilin to have a meeting.A. mustB. canC. can'tD. mustn't【答案】C【详解】句意：一那边那辆黑车是你叔叔的吗？一不，不可能是他的。他开车去吉 林开会了。考查情态动词辨析。musi必须；can能：can't不可能：inustn't禁止。根据“He has driven to Jilin to have a meeting”可知他开车去吉林开会了，车不可能是他的。应选C。 II. （2022江苏仪征市第三中学模拟预测）Excuse me, when are we going to have a school trip?一I'm not sure. Ask Thomas, please. He know.A. needB. canC. mayD. shall【答案】C【详解】句意：打搅一下，请问我们什么时候开始学校旅行？ 我不确定。请问 一下Thomas。他可能知道。考查情态动词辨析。need需要；can能够；may可能；shall 将。根据"I'm not sure. Ask Thomas, please. He.know.”可知,应是推测 Thomas 可能会知 道，表示不确定的推测，用may。应选C。12. （2022湖北阳新县富川中学模拟预测）Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day?For your health, you be too careful.A. needn'tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD. can't【答案】D【详解】句意：一妈妈，为什么我一天要洗许屡次手？一为了你的健康，你再细心 也不为过。考查情态动词。neednt不需要"：shouldn't"不应该"；mustn't"禁止”;cant不 能“。根据“For your health”可知,表示“你再细心也不为过can、be too.“再 也不 为过应选D。13. （2022江苏苏州市平江中学校一模）一Have you decided to take up teaching as career after graduation?I go abroad fbr further education instead. But I havenmade up my mind yet.A. mustB. shouldC. mayD. shall【答案】C【详解】句意：你决定毕业后从事教学工作了吗？我也许出国深造。但我还没 有下定决心。考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；may也许;shall将要。根据“I .go abroad fbr further education instead. But I haven't made up my mind yet.”可知，此处表不确 定推测,使用may。应选C。14. （ 2022山东济南模拟预测）She be here. She is on the way to London.A. can'tB. mayC. needn'tD. must【答案】A【详解】句意：她不可能在这里。她在去伦敦的路上。考查情态动词辨析。can't不可 能；may 可能；needn't 不必；must 必须。根据“He is on the way to London”可知，她在 去伦敦的路上，所以不可能在这里，用can*表否认推测，应选A。15. （2022辽宁大连二模）一 I have a look at your photo?一Sure. Here you are.A. CanB. NeedC. MustD. Should【答案】A【详解】句意：我可以看看你的照片吗？一当然可以。给你。考查情态动词。Can 可以；Need需要；Must必须;Should应当。根据回答“Sure. Here you are.”可知“Can”符 合题意，“Can L.?”表示请求许可的句型，意为“我能做？ ”，应选A。16. （2022安徽霍邱县第三中学模拟预测）The magazine be Lily's. Lefs go andask her.A. can'tB. mayC. mustD. should【答案】B【详解】句意:这本杂志可能是莉莉的。我们去问问她吧。考查情态动词。can't不可 能；may可能；must必须、一定；should应该。根据"Let's go and ask her.”可知，要去 问问莉莉，因此不确定是她的，表示没有把握的推测，用情态动词may。应选B。17. （2022云南普洱模拟预测）一Steve is walking the dog in the park.He be. Listen! He is reading English in his room.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. won't【答案】A【详解】句意：Steve在公园遛狗。不可能是他。听！他正在他的房间里读英 语。考查动词辨析。can't不可能；mustn't禁止；needn't不需要;won't不会。根据“He is reading English in his room.”可知，不可能是Steve,表示否认推测用can't,应选A。18. （2022河北唐山市第十二中学一模）