2023年高考英语语法知识清单强化训练专题01 动词不定式八大用法（解析版）.docx

2023年高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义专题01动词不定式八大用沫（解析版）考点清单一、不定式作主语要点精讲：1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(比照：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)。2 .不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)。3 .常考句型 It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. It took years of work(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.2. It's important for the figures(update) regularly.3. When and where to start the programs(remain) unknown.4. (2019 全国 III) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take(get)there.【答案与解析】to reduceo It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。1. to be updatedo定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updatedoremainso wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。2. to geto这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是to get。考点清单二、不定式作宾语要点精讲1:只接to do作宾语的动词：妙记mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。3. They failed(grasp) the importance of his words.4. She never seemed(care) what the rest of us thought about her.5. (2019 )折江)One study in America found that students1 grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want(wear) the uniform.【答案与解析】5. to graspo fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to graspo28. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have told everything.21. We'd better not to miss the chance to enjoy the play.30. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work fill my mind, I almost break down.【答案】21. talk 前力口 to 22. for 改为 of 23. choose 后力口 from 24. make 改为 be made 25. reduce 前力口 to 26. discover 改为be discovered 27. go 改为 have gone 28. have 后力口 been 29,去掉第一个 to 30, fill 改为 filling分层训练（四）句式升级书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译以下各句。1 .（2022全国乙）因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。2 .（2022全国乙）学生们急切的是提高自律性，父母和老师们也迫切需要提高指导性。3 .（2022全国乙）目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。4 .（2022全国甲）另外，我们可以分发传单号召更多的人保护海洋。5 .（2022全国甲）设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。6 . （2022全国甲）国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。7 . （2022新高考I）这是我第一次邀请你参加我们Talk and Talk节目。8 . （2022新高考I）现在我们学英语有困难时，很多学生迫切知道如何解决。9 .（2021全国乙）另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些缺乏，使我们很难不受影响。10 .（2021全国甲）因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。【答案】Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.1. It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.2. Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.3. Whafs more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.4. World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.5. Countries should team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.6. This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program Talk and Talk.7. Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it.8. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.9. Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.分层训练(五)语篇运用热点话题：问天实验舱对接天宫核心舱体裁：说明文The Shenzhou-14 crew entered the Wentian lab module at 10:03 a.m. on July 26, 2022, 41 (make) the first time that Chinese astronauts have entered a lab module in orbit.It is the first time that space rendezvous and docking(交会和对接)42(carry)out during the astronauts* stay in the space station, the CMS said. For the first time, the taikonauts 43 orbit canuse the airlock cabin in Wentian to carry out extravehicular activities (EVAs). The node cabin in the core module, which 44(usual) serves as the exit and entry for EVAs, will become a backup of the airlock cabin.45(compare) with the node cabin, the airlock cabin has a larger door,46 ismore convenient for the taikonauts to enter and exit the spacecraft as well as transfer tools and maintenance 47(equip).The Shenzhou-14 crew will, for the first time, be aided by the small mechanical arm to carry out EVAs. The taikonauts are also scheduled 48(give) another space lecture from the Wentian lab module.As a major component of China's space station, the Wentian lab module not only functions 49 the experiment platform for life sciences,50 provides taikonauts with more space to live and work,and serves as the full backup to the space station's key system as well.41. marking 42. have been carried 43. in 44. usually 45. Compared 46. which 47. equipment 48. to give 49. as 50. but【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍问天实验舱顺利与天宫实验室对接，为下步太空实验和太空行走奠定 基础。42. markingo结合语境现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主动行为。43. have been carriedo It is the first time that是固定句型，表示“某人第一次做某事”,从句常用现在完成 时，本句还有被动含义。1.1 ino in orbit是固定搭配，表示“在轨运行”。44. usuallyo修饰动词应用副词。45. Comparedo Compared with.是固定搭配,表示“和相比“，用作插入语。46. whicho which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当其主语。47. equipmento结合语境此处需要名词作宾语。equipment表示“设施，设备”。48. to giveo be scheduled to do sth 表示“计划做某事”。49. aso function as表示"发挥作为的作用”，相当于actas。50. buto not only. .but (also).表示“不但而且”。6. to careo seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。7. to wearo want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。要点精讲2:接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记-frogshmt青蛙聪明forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can" help, mean, tryo 该考点非常重要，必须重视。J" forget to do忘记要去做某事（未做）forget doing忘记已经做过某事（己做）C remember to do记得将要做某事（未做）remember doing记得已经做过某事（己做）Pregret to do遗憾去做某事（未做）Lregret doing后悔做过某事（已做）Cgo on to do继续做另一件事（对象变了）go on doing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）r stop to do停下来去做另一件事（对象变了）stop doing停止做某事（对象不变）C can9t help to do不能帮助做某事can、help doing情不自禁做某事C mean to do打算做某事（未做）mean doing意味着做某事（解释作用）C try to do努力做某事（不一定成功）try doing尝试做某事（强调尝试和行动）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。8. If you think that treating a woman well means always（get） her permission for things, think again.9. Look! The window is open. -I'm sorry. I forgot（close） it.9.1 1 remembered（lock） the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.11. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried（live） alone, but she didn't like it and moved back home.【答案与解析】gettingo这里应用mean doing表示"意味着"。故答案是getting。8. to close o这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是toclose。9. to locko remember to do表示"记住去做某事”,和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。10. livingo try doing强调“尝试着做了某事"，符合语境要求，故答案是living。考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语要点精讲1: see类动词(不定式作宾补省to,但在被动语态中to应加上)：巧记注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. With the world changing fast, we have something new(deal) with by ourselves every day.12. He was observed(enter) the office silently.13. When I came in I saw him(listen) to music.【答案与解析】to deaL本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do表示“有某事要做"，不定式短语作定语，故 答案是to deaL12. to entero observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故 答案是to enterolisteningo结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事"。故答案是listening。要点精讲2: warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补)warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13. Passengers are permitted(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.14. Energy drinks are not allowed(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.15. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay)and watch.16. They are required(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.17. (2020 年浙江卷 1 月)The median (中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30一today it is 41 and is expected(increase) to 42 by 2050.【答案与解析】to carryo permit sb to do sth 允许某人做事，故答案是 to carry。15. to makeo allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事,故答案是to make。16. to stayo本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事"。故答案是to stay。17. to processo此题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事"。故答案是to process。18. to increaseo此题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事"，故答案是to increase。要点精讲3:用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/ 代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。19. With a lot of difficult problems(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.1.1 1 send you 100 dollars today, the rest(follow) in a year.22. With a lot of homework(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you.【答案与解析】to solveo with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to solve。20. to folio Wo本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。故答案是to follow。21. to doo with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to do。要点精讲 4: be said 类动词:be said/believed/reported/known to do 类句型,可以转化为 It is said that。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。22. Robert is said(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.23. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to(miss) since the flood hit the area.【答案与解析】to have studiedo be said to do表示“据说做某事“；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案 是 to have studied o23. have been missingo since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种"失踪"状态， 故答案是 have been missingo考点清单四、不定式作定语要点精讲1: L不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。2 .不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。3,假设不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。24. The meeting(hold)now/(hold)yesterday/(hold)tomorrow is very important.25. The airport(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.26. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame).27. (2020 浙江)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change) lives.【答案与解析】being; held; to be heldo现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被 动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语那么多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。25. to be completedo不定式作定语那么多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed oto blameo (be) to blame表示“该受到责备。主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。26. to changeo结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to changeo考点清单五、不定式作状语要点精讲1:不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位 于句末前边不能有逗号。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。27. The local government has done everything it can(save) the buried miners.28. (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.29. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there(train) for a space flight.30. (2020 天津改编)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection (promote) economic growth.【答案与解析】to saveo it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。29. To be acceptedo不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。30. to be trainedo不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。31. to promoteo不定式作目的状语，故答案是to promote。要点精讲2:不定式作结果状语，多用于too.to, enough to do, only to do, so.as to, such as to等结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。32. He hurried to the station, only(inform/find/tell) that the train had left.33. Would you be so kind as(carry) the luggage for me?34. Now Tm brave enough(stand) up and answer the question.【答案与解析】to be informed/to find/to be toldo only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义，故答案是to be informed/to find/to be toldo33. to carryo soas to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。34. to stando .enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stando要点精讲3:不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。36.1 like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good(breathe).37. (2019 全国 I) Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive(perform) consistently over a large area.【答案与解析】to breatheo不定式用于be+adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe o36. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式,故答案是to performo考点清单六、不定式作表语要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。37. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains(see) whether they will enjoy it.38. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,(not, make) it more difficult.【答案与解析】to be seeno It remains to be seen whether.是固定句型,表示“是否有待观察”,故答案是to be seen。39. not to makeo这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了比照，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。考点清单七、不定式的省略要点精讲1:感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to (注意被动语态中to应加上)； 【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。40. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 改错The young girl was observed(enter) the office silently.【答案与解析】.去掉to。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。40 . to entero感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动语态中to应加上，故答案是to enter。要点精讲2:以下句型常省略to:r may as well do sth 最好还是做had better do 最好做某事do nothing but do sth别无选择只好做某事can91 help but do sth.禁不住做某事Why not do sth?何不做某事？prefer to do.rather than do sth,宁愿做而不愿做would rather do.than do.宁愿做而不愿做【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。41 . Rather than(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers (ride) a bicycle.42 .- I usually go there by train.-Why not(try, go) by boat for a change?1. .1 lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 改错【答案与解析】ride; to ride。prefer to do sth rather than do sth 表示“宁愿做不愿做”,故答案是 ride; to ride。42. try goingo Why not do.?是固定句型；try doing强调“尝试着做型故答案是try going。43. 去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事"，故答案是去掉to。要点精讲3:在一定的上下文中，为了防止重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保存不定式符号to。注意， 不定式后面是动词be时，be应保存。【即时训练】单句改错。44. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.45. As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to.【答案与解析】去掉do。在一定的上下文中，为了防止重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保存不定式符号t。故答 案是去掉doo45. t。后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了防止重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词be时，to be 应保存。故答案是to后加be。考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式不定式的否认式、完成式和被动式(以动词find为例)内容主动语态被动语态否认式一般式to findto be foundnot to find完成式to have foundto have been foundnot to have found【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。46. The boy pretended(read) the book when the teacher came in.47. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle（hear）.48. He got up early this morning so as（miss）the early train.49. The engine just won*t start. Something seems（go） wrong with it.【答案与解析】to be readingo pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事。故答案是 to be reading。47. to be heardo struggle to do 努力做某事。故答案是 to be heardonot to misSo so as not to do sth 为了不做某事。故答案是 not to misSo48. to have goneo结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。分层训练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. （2022 全国乙）（strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.2. （2022 全国甲）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked （徒步）40 days to Xi'an, as a first step （journey） the Belt and Road route （路线）by foot.3. （2022 新高考 I） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority（increase） effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.4. （2022 新高考 II） Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up（see） them.5. （2022 浙江 1 月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans （continue） the practice.6. （