2023年中考英语语法细分考点综合复习专题14 非谓语动词【讲义】.docx

2023中考英语语法细分命题点复习专题14非谓语动词讲义目录考向一动词不定式17不定式做主语171.1 不定式做宾语18不定式做状语191.2 be+adj+to do sth21不定式做宾语补足语211.3 不定式做定语22省略to的不定式231.4 不定式的否认结构24考向二动名词252.1 动名词做主语25动名词做宾语252.2 介词后用动名词27动名词与不定式做宾语28考向三分词29过去分词做定语293.1 过去分词做宾语补足语30现代分词做定语313.2 现代分词做宾语补足语32考向一动词不定式1.1 不定式做主语不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，为防止”头重脚轻”常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is +M/.+foi70f sb.+(not)to do sth.意为”做某事对某人来说是”。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为”做某事花费某人多长时间”如：To learn a language well is not easy=It is not easy to learn a language well.学好门语言是不容 易的。1. (2021 上海松江一模)It is not a good idea a picnic on windy days.A. have B. to have C. having D. had【答案】B【详解】句意：在刮风的日子野餐不是个好主意。考查动词不定式作主语。have举行，动词原形；to have不定式；having现在分词或动名词；had过 去式。动词短语have a picnic意为“举行野餐”；句型“It's+形容词+to do.意为“做某事怎么样"，其（2021 四川达州）一Ms. Griffin, what should we do stupid mistakes in the coming exams?一 Be more careful.A. avoid make B. avoiding making C. avoid making D. to avoid making【答案】D【详解】句意：格里芬女士，我们该怎么做才能防止在即将到来的考试中犯愚蠢的 错误呢？小心点。考查非谓语。此处表达的是“为了防止犯愚蠢的错误”，应用不定式作目的状语，且此处是avoid doing sth“防止做某事”，应选D。29. （2021 云南曲靖二模）一 The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth, 一 Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away.A. see B. to see C. seen D. seeing【答案】D【详解】句意：贾玲导演的电影你好，李焕英很值得一看。真的吗？那我就马上在网上预定两张电影票。考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事"，D选项符合句子结构，应选Do30. （2020海南）Frank and his friends had great fun volleyball on the beach yesterday.A. play B. playing C. to play【答案】B【详解】句意：弗兰克和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打排球玩得很开心。考查非谓语动词。play玩，动词原形;playing动词的ing形式；toplay动词不定式。句中have great fun doing sth做某事玩得很高兴，其后应接动词的ing形式playingo应选B。31. （ 2020-四川乐山）The singer was often seen to practice songs near the woods three yearsago.A. sing B. singing C. to sing【答案】B【详解】句意：三年前这个歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。考查动名词。sing动词原形；singing动名词；to sing动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事”用practice doing,此处用动名词singing作宾语。应选B。32. （2021 上海松江二模）Our monitor suggested an outing after the mid-term exam.A. organize B. to organize C. organized D. organizing【答案】D【详解】句意：我们班长建议在期中考试后组织一次郊游。考查动名词作宾语。观察句子结构可知，此题考查suggest doing”建议做某事”，应选D。2.3介词后用动名词1 .介词后出现动词，用变形为动名词，最常见的by doingsth.例句：We can overcome all the difficulties by working together.2.【易错】to 后跟动名词句型：be used to doing sth习惯于做某事look forward to doing sth 期待做某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth.更喜欢做某事stick to（doing）sth.坚持（做）某事（2020甘肃天水）We can overcome all the difficulies by together.A. work B. works C. working D. worked【答案】C【详解】句意：我们可以通过合作克服所有困难。考查非谓语。work工作，动词原形；works工作，动词三单；working工作，现在分词或者动名词 形式；worked工作，过去式或者过去分词；根据句意理解可知，空格前面是介词by,所以后面应该 用ing形式，作介词的宾语，应选C。33. （2021 山东临沂）Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from directly in your eyes.A. shine B. shining C. to shine【答案】B【详解】句意：记得戴太阳镜，以免阳光直射眼睛。考查非谓语动词。短语stop sb/sth from doing阻止做某事.from是介词，后接动名词作宾语，应选B。34. （2021 广西百色）I used to at half past six, but now I am getting used to at seven.A. getting up, get up B. get up, getting up C. got up, getting up D. got up, get up【答案】B【详解】句意：我过去常常六点半起床，但现在我正在习惯七点钟起床。考查非谓语动词。used to do sth过去常常做某事；get used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据"but now” 可知，前一句是描述过去常做的事情，第一空应填getup。第二句是描述现在习惯做的事情，第二 空应填getting up,应选Bo（2020云南） Wang Lei is looking forward to the best high school in September.A. refusing B. playing C. reading D. entering【答案】D【详解】句意：王磊期待着9月份进入最好的高中。考查非谓语动词。A. refusing拒绝；B.playing玩耍；C.reading阅读；D. entering进入。根据句意可知，王磊期待着9月份进入最好的高中。D选项符合句意，且位于look forward to doing结构中， 应选 D。38. （2021四川西昌一模）一How about going shopping this Saturday, Tina?一I preferat home to out for shopping.A. staying; go B. staying; going C. stay; go D. stay; going【答案】B【详解】句意： 蒂娜，这个星期六去购物怎么样？ 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去购物。考查动词形式。stay是动词，意为“待”；go是动词,意为“走”。prefer doings式to doing sth .意为“宁 愿做某事也不愿意某事”，应选B。2.4动名词与不定式做宾语后面既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，易混淆的动词，常考的有：1 .forget doing/to do sth2 .remember doing/to do sth3 .stop doing/to do sth例句：He forgot to turn off the light.（他忘 了 关灯.）（没关）He forgot turning off the light.（他忘记关过灯.）（关了）Lefs stop to have a rest.（让我停下来去休息）（停下当前的事情去休息）Lefs stop having arest.（让我们停止休息）（停止休息去做其他事情）. （2020-四川内江）一Don't forget off the lights when you leave the classroom.一OK.ril do that.A. turn B. turns C. turning D. to turn【答案】D【详解】句意：离开教室时别忘了关灯。好的，我会关灯的。考查非谓语动词。根据题干中“when you leave the classroom”可知是提示离开前别忘了去关灯，用 forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语。应选D。39 .（ 2020-四川攀枝花）The doctor warns Jack stop because it is bad for hishealth.A. to; smoking B. not; to smoke C. to; to smoke D. not to; smoking【答案】A【详解】句意：医生告诫杰克要戒烟，因为这对他的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。smoking动名词；to smoke动词不定式。第一空是固定用法warn sb. to do sth.,意 为“告诫某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，根据语境，可知是“要戒烟"，排除BD；第二空根 据固定搭配stop doing sth.,意为“停止做某事”,动名词作宾语,假设是stop to do sth.,动词不定式作 宾语，那么意为“停下来去做某事"，根据语境，可知是“停止吸烟"，应选A。41. （2021 .湖北宜城.一模）Don, t keep so long. Why not stop a rest?A. running, having B. to run, to have C. running, to have D. to run, having【答案】c【详解】句意：不要跑那么久。为什么不停下来休息呢？考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.坚持做某事;stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth,停下来去 做某事。第二空表示“停下来去休息”。应选C。考向三分词现在分词由u+ing构成，过去分词乜+ed（规那么动词）构成。3.1过去分词做定语过去分词做定语:例句：Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.（昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人。） 这种结构来自于定语从句的省略，上个例句写完整：Yesterday I met a man who is called Mr. Black.（昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人。）（2021 四|新都三模）In the evening, you will watch a play Journey to the West.A. call B. called C. calling【答案】B【详解】句意：晚上，你会看一个叫做西游记的电视剧。考查非谓语动词。“a play”与“Journey to the West”构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词called作定语， 表示“被叫做”。应选B。42. （2021-四川模拟预测）Smart phones by Huawei are getting more and more popular aroundthe world.A. made B. are made C. to make D. making【答案】A【详解】句意：被华为制造的智能手机在全世界越来越受欢迎。考查非谓语。根据语境可知此处samrt phne是被华为制造出的，且主句的谓语动词是are getting, 所以此处的make用过去分词表达被动也修饰smart phoneo应选Ao（2021 青海海东市教育研究室一模）The rubbish every day is becoming a serious problemin cities around the world.A. produce B. produced C. producing【答案】B【详解】句意：每天产生的垃圾正在成为世界各地城市的一个严重问题。考查非谓语。句子不缺谓语，此处是非谓语形式，主语The rubbish是动作produce的承受者，使用 过去分词作后置定语，应选B。43. （2021 江苏模拟预测）The music by Mozart is well known people all over theworld.A. writes; as B. written; for C. written; as D. written; to【答案】D【详解】句意：莫扎特写的音乐为全世界人民所熟知。考查非谓语和介词。writes写，动词三单；written写，过去分词；as作为；for为了； to朝，向； 第一空修饰名词"music”，表示被莫扎特写的音乐，应用过去分词作后置定语；be well known as作 为而著名；be well known for 因而知名；be well known to 被熟知；根据"people all over theworld”可知，音乐被全世界的人熟知，应用be well known to,应选D。3.2过去分词做宾语补足语常见的过去分词做宾语补足语的动词时：have/get/make,注意区分其与省略to的不定式做宾语 补足语的区别。1 .make sb do sth使某人做某事 make sb/sth done使被彳列句： He makes his son read every night. The boy shouted to make himself heard.2 .have sb. do sth.使某人做某事have sb. /sth. done 使被彳列句： You should have Tom help you. I will have my car repaired.get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 get sb. /sth. done使某人/某事被做彳列句： You should get Tom to help you. I will get my car repaired.3 6.Bert can't get the work by 7： 00 pm. He needs more time.A. finish B. to finish C. finished D. finishing【答案】C【详解】句意:Bert在7:00之前不可能完成这项工作，他需要更多的时间。考查动词短语。finish原形；to finish不定式；finished一般过去式、过去分词;finishing动名词、 现在分词；get sth to do"使某物做某事”;get sb to do sth"使某人做某事”;get sth done使做某事;从 文字的表层意思推断空格指这项工作被完成，所以用过去分词，应选C。47. （2021 江苏滨海县第一初级中学一模）My watch doesn work. I must have it.A. Repairing B. to repair C. repair D. repaired【答案】D【详解】句意：我的手表不工作了。我必须找人把它修好。考查非谓语动词。repair修理，have sth. done“让某物被”,此处it指my watch,和宾语补足语是被动关系，用过去分词。应选D。48. （2021 江苏无锡九年级期中）There is something wrong with my father's computer. He wants to have someone it and have it.A. check; repair B. check; repaired C. checked; repaired D. checked; repair【答案】B【详解】句意：我爸爸的电脑出问题了。他想让人检查一下并把它修好。考查非谓语动词。have此处表示“使，让”，属于使役动词，后接宾语和宾语补足语；当宾语和宾补 构成主动关系时，用have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”；当宾语和宾补构成被动关系时，用have sth. done“让某事/物被做工根据语境可知，第一个空“某人检查”为主动，用check,第二个空“电脑被修 理”为被动，用repaired。应选B。49. （2021 广西柳州）Alice couldn't make herself attention to because her classmates made somuch noise.A. pay B. paid C. paying【答案】B【详解】句意：爱丽丝不能让自己被注意到，因为她的同学太吵了。考查非谓语动词。根据空前的make herself可知，此处是make的用法make +宾语+宾语补足语，宾 语“herself，与宾语补足语"pay attention t。”之间是动宾关系，她自己被注意到，用过去分词表达被动 关系。应选B。3.3现代分词做定语现在分词做定语：例句：The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly（跟着小偷追的妇女大声喊叫）这种结构来自于定语从句的省略，上个例句写完整：The woman （who is） running after the thief shouted very loudly.（跟着小偷追的妇女大声喊叫）（2021 江苏高港实验学校二模）A new high-speed railway station TaixingShanghai will be built soon.A. connecting; to B. connected; to C. connects; with D. connected; and【答案】A【详解句意：一个连接泰兴和上海的新的高速火车站将很快建成。考查动词短语辨析和非谓语动词。connect.to/with.“把和连接“；A new high-speed railway station与connect之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。应选A。51. （2021山东即墨一 模） Gina is the only girl a coat.A. who wear B. who wearing C. wearing D. wears【答案】C【详解】句意：吉娜是唯一一个穿外套的女孩。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处需用现在分词wearing作后置定语。如果是定语从句的 话，选项A应为who wears。应选C。3.4现代分词做宾语补足语1 .现在分词做宾语补足语，常见的句型有:keep（保持）/ see（看到）/ hear（听到）/ watch（注意至U） / feel（感觉到）/find+sb doing sth.例句：Mum kept me working all the week.（妈妈让我一个星期都在工作）When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.（我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨 子）2 .特殊句型：there be sb doing sth.有正在做.例句：Look! There is a man doing Taiji near the ri ver.看！河边有个男人正在打太极。52. （2021 江苏徐州二模）When Lily opened the door, she found her little cat in bed.A. lay B. to lie C. lied D. lying【答案】D【详解】句意：当Lily翻开门时，她发现她的小猫正躺在床上。考查非谓语动词。根据“When Lily opened the door, she found her little cat. in bed”可知，发现猫正 躺在床上，此空应填现在分词作宾补，lie表示“躺: 其现在分词是lying,应选D。53. （2021 .1可 W匕保定二模）What happened to Lucy? I saw her in her seat just now. Shefailed in the final exam. Lefs go to cheer her up.A. crying B. to cry C. cried D. to be crying【答案】A【详解】句意:露西怎么了？刚才我看见她坐在座位上哭。她期末考试不及格。让我们去 抚慰一下她吧。考查非谓语动词。句中saw是see的过去式，see sb. do sth看到某人经常做某事，see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事，结合选项可知，此处使用crying。应选A。54. （2021 贵州铜仁）一Look! There are some students basketball on the playground.一Yes.I often see them basketball there.A. play; play B. play; playing C. playing; play D. playing; playing【答案】C【详解】句意： 看，一些学生正在操场打篮球。是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。考查非谓语动词。“There are some students”后用现在分词做后置定语表述主动，第一空用“playing”。 根据"often see”可知表示“经常看到某人做某事"，用“see sb. do"。第二空用动词原形“play”。应选C。 55. （2019贵州铜仁）"Look! There is a man Taiji near the river." "Wow! It's my teacher, Mr Wu."A. perform B. performs C. performing D. performed【答案】C【详解】句意：看！河边有个人在打太极拳。一哇！他是我的老师，吴老师。考查动词用法。A. perform动词原形；B.performs一般现在时单三形；C.performing现在分词，表 示动作正在进行；D. performed过去式，表示一般过去时。可根据前面提示语look看，可知是正在 发生动作，用现在分词，应选C。中it是形式主语，“to do”是句子真正的主语。本句逻辑上的真主语为to have a picnic “去野餐”，应选Bo2. （2020辽宁大连）It is easy new words. Try to read the words when you see them, and try touse them.A. remember B. to remember C. remembered D. remembering【答案】B【详解】句意：记新单词很容易。当你看到这些词的时候，努力去读它们，努力去使用它们。考查非谓语动词。remember 动词原形；to remember 动词不定式；remembered 过去式；remembering 动名词。根据句子结构可知，此句是固定句型：it+be+adj.+todosth.，其中it是形式主语，真正的主 语是动词不定式。应选B。1.2不定式做宾语L常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want（想）/ try（试图）/ decide（决定）/ would like（想要）/ hope（希望）/ love（喜爱）/ learn（学会）/agree（同意）/ wish（希望）/ expect （期待）/ refuse （拒绝）/promise （承诺）等+todosth例句：I would like to make friends w汕you.我想要和你交朋友。2.1 t做形式宾语：think/find/make+it+M/.+to do sth.it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。例句：I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。3. （2021 湖北,嘉鱼县教学研究室二模）一 Baby, would you mind me cook the fish? 一 Ofcourse not. I can't wait it!A. help; taste B. helping; taste C. help; to taste D. helping; to taste【答案】D【详解】句意：宝贝，你介意帮我做鱼吗？ 当然不介意。我迫不及待要品尝了！考查动词非谓语。help帮助，动词原形；taste品尝，动词原形;helping动名词；to taste动词不定 式。根据题干可知，第一个空，考查固定搭配mind doing sth.表示“介意做某事”，可知用helping；第 二个空，根据固定用法can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待做某事”，所以用动词不定式to taste；应选Do4. （2020重庆）They hope the basketball match.A. win B. won C. to win D. winning【答案】C【详解】句意：他们希望赢这场篮球比赛。考查非谓语动词。win赢，动词原形；won是win的过去式或过去分词形式；to win动词不定式;winning动名词或现在分词形式。句中谓语动词是hope,意为“希望”，常用于句型hope to do sth.“希 望去做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式。应选C。5 .（2021 山东济南）一Have you finished your book report yet?一No, I haven't. I plan it thisweekend.A. write B. wrote C. writing D. to write【答案】D【详解】句意：你写完读书报告了吗？ 没有。我计划这个周末写。考查动词不定式作宾语。plan to do sth.计划做某事，固定搭配。应选D。6 . （2020西藏）The Chinese government will always do.A. what has he promised to do B. what has he promised do C. what he has promised do D. what he has promised to do【答案】D【详解】句意：中国政府将永远按照他承诺的去做。考查宾语从句及非谓语动词。由“The Chinese government will always do.”可知，本句为宾语从句， 应为陈述句语序，故排除A、B两项；且promise to do sth承诺做某事，故此处应为动词不定式，故 排除C选项。应选D。1.3不定式做状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。如：To do a good job,we must have the right tools.要干好活工具要对头。1. 【易错】中考常考带情态动词的宾语从句后跟t。do做目的状语的情形，这种情况同“情态动词后 用动词原形”的用法容易混淆。例句：I will do what I can to help you.（我将做我所能的事为了帮助你）。（句中what I can为宾语 从句，to help做目的状语）（2021-四川乐山）-Do you always get up so early?一Yes,the first bus. My home is faraway from school.A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught【答案】B【详解】句意： 你总是起得这么早吗？ 是的，去赶第一班车。我家离学校很远。考查非谓语动词。A为动词原形；B为动词不定式；C为动名词；D为过去式。根据My home is far away from school.我家离学校很远。可知，起早（get up so early）的目的是为了赶早班车（the first bus）, 因此应该用动词不定式做目的状语。应选B。7. （2021辽宁大连）Don't worry. We will meet next Monday the project again,A. discuss B. discussed C. discussing D. to discuss【答案】D【详解】句意：别担忧。我们下周一再开会讨论这个工程。考查非谓语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表达的是目的，作目的状语，应用不定式形式，应选Do8. （2021 湖南林B州） Many university graduates go to work in the countryside villagers live abetter life.A. to help B. helping C. help【答案】A【详解】句意：许多大学毕业生到农村去工作，为了帮助村民过上更好的生活。考查非谓语动词。t。help动词不定式；helping动名词形式；help动词原形。根据句意可知，空处 在句中是作目的状语，应用动词不定式来表达，其构成形式为：to do。应选A。9. （2020江苏泰州） More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions the situation from getting worse.A. stop B. stopping C. stopped D. to stop【答案】D【详解】句意：越来越多的青少年视力很差，因此父母和老师们应该采取行动来阻止情况变得更差。 考查动词不定式。stop动词原形；stopping动名词；stopped动词的过去式；to stop动词不定式。此 处表达”采取行动做某事”用动词短语take actions to do,此处用动词不定式to stop。应选D。10. （2020-四川达州）Our government tries to do everything they can people live a better life.A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的政府试着尽力帮助人们过上更好的生活。考查非谓语动词。A. to help动词不定式；B. help动词原形；C. helping动名词或现在分词；D. helped 过去式或过去分词。根据句子结构可知，Our government tries to do everything （they can）people live a better life中they can做后置定语修饰everything,不影响空格处动词help的形式，故空 格处应填入动词不定式作目的状语，应选A。11. （2020福建石狮一模）Don't worry. I will do what I can you.Thanks a lot.You're so kind.A. protect B. to protect C. protecting【答案】B【详解】句意： 不要担忧，我会尽我所能保护你。非常感谢你，你真好。考查非谓语。protect保护，原形；to protect去保护，不定式；protecting保护，现在分词。本句 主谓宾结构完整，后面需要用不定式在句中做目的状语，do what one can to do sth.为了做尽某 人所能。应选 B。1.4 be+adj+to do sth常见的"be+adj+to do sth”结构:be eager to do sth急于做，渴望做 be easy to do sth易于做be glad to do sth 高兴做be ready to do sth 准备做be willing to do sth 乐于做be sorry to do sth 遗憾（抱歉）做.【比照】：be busy doing sth忙于做某事（2020湖南长沙） We are glad that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders inpreventing some diseases.A. know B. to know C. knowing【答案】B【详解】句意：我们很高兴地知道，中医在预防某些疾病方面可以发挥奇效。考查非谓语动词。know知道。know动词原形；to know动词不定式；knowing动名词或动词的现 在分词。结合选项可知句子是说“很高兴知道”，作表语的形容词glad后接动词不定式作原因状 语。