高考英语二轮复习文档：专题三 阅读理解 第二节 Word版含答案.docx

1 .细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只 要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项 特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解 文意、颠倒是非等。2 .词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力, 考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力， 而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要:利用上下文线索猜测词义（重述、 定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等）；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测 词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。3 .推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章 寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清 正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不 可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混 珠、扩缩范围等。4 .主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、 选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为:涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段； 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干 扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云：以偏概全，主次不分：移花接木，偷换概念；无中生 有，生搬硬套等。典例1（天津,B）Fifteenyearsago,I tookcisummervacat ion i nLecceinsou them I telly. Af terc limbi ngupah illf orapanoram i c （全 景 的 ） viewofthebluesea ， whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees , Ipauscdtocatchmybrcathandthonpositionedmyselftotakcthebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately , justasltookoutmycamera » awomanapproached frombeh i nd , andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview. Likeme , thiswomanwasheretostop , sighandapprcciatethevicw.Pat ientasIwasaf'terabout 15minutesTheauthor, smolherwasnotrespectedsomet imes.B. Theauthor* smotherhcidapositiveinfluenceonher.C. BrokcnEnglishalwaysreflectsimperfcctthoughts.答案B解析推理判断题。从第三段的最后一句可推断，作者的母亲有时因其蹩脚的英语而不受人 尊重。9. TheauthorgraduallyrealizeshermotherJ sEnglishis.A. wellstructuredintheoldstyleB. easytotranslateri ch inmeaning答案D解析推理判断题。通过最后一段的内容可知作者改变了对母亲整脚的英语的看法，认为她 的蹩脚英语内涵丰富。10. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A. Thechangeoftheauthor, sattitudetohermotherJ sEnglish.B. Thclimitationofthcauthor, sperceptionofhcrmother.C. Theaulhor' smisunderslandingof " 1imited“ English.D. Theauthor, sexperiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.答案A解析主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者对母亲所讲的蹩脚英语的态度随着时间的推移所发生的 变化。mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotlwou1deventua1lytake,Igrewfrustrated. WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesolcouIdtakejustonepictureofthelandsc ape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskcdher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso. Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation. dicin' tw anttomesswiththat.Another 15minutespassedandlgrewbored. Thewomanwassti11 there. Idecidedtotakethe photoanyway. Andnowwhenllookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting. Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somchowcomestolifeandbrcathosbccausethiswomaniscngagingwithit.Thisphoto, withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho “ruined” it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom. Whatwou1dshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured（捕 捉 ） andfrozenonsomestranger* sbedroomwal1 ? Abedroom ,afteral 1,isaveryprivatespace,i nwh ichsomewomanIdon' tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized（1$永存）.Insomeways, shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapswcal11iveinoachothcrs, spaces. Porhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor ： toremindusthatweal1appreciatebeauty , thalweal1shareacommondesireforpleexsure , forconnection, forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoi sareminder,acapturodmomont,anunspokonconversationbetwoentwowomon, separatedonlybyalhinsquareofglass. 语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要讲述了自己十五年前暑假时在意大利南部城市 莱切观光时的一次经历：作者拍风景时一位陌生的女士进入了作者的镜头。这张照片让作者 联想到很多事情并引发了作者对人生的深层感悟。41. Whathappenedwhentheauthorwascibouttotakeaphoto?A. Hercamerastoppedworking.B. Awomanb1ockcdhervicw.C. Someoneaskedhertoleave.D. Afriendapproachedfrombehind.答案B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“. awomanapproached f rombeh i nd , andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview. M 可知，就在"我”拿出相机的时候,一位女士 从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住（blocked） 了，故选B项。42. Accordingtotheauthor, thewomanwasprobably.A. cnjoyinghcrselflosingherpatienceB. waitingforthesunsetthinkingaboutherpast答案A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation. with that. 可知，选A项。43. Intheauthor* sopinion, whatmakesthcphotosoalivc?A. Therichco1orofthe 1andscape.B. Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C. Thewoman * sexistenceinthephoto.1) . Thesoftsunl i ghtthatsummerday.答案C解析 细节理解题。 根据第 四段中 的.Ithinkhorprcsonccinthcphotoiswhatmakcsthcimagcintcrcsting.“可知，作者认为， 那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣，即：那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生 动。故选C项。44. Thophotoonthobodroomwal1enablesthcauthortobctterunderstand.A. theneedlobeclosetonaturetheimportanceofprivatespaceB. thejoyofthevacationinItalyI), thesharedpassionforbeauty答案D解析 推理判断题。根据第六段中的”.toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty , thatwea11shareacommondes ireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus. ”可知,通过那张照片作者明白了：我们都欣赏美,都 有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求。由此可 知，这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱。45. Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor, sreflectionsupon.A. aparticularlifeexperiencethcpleasurcoftravelingB. thearto(photographyalostfriendship 答案A 解析推理判断题。本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟，故选A 项。而D （ 天津，C）Thismooth,GermanyJ stransportminister » AlexanderDobrindt ,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles（ 自 主 驾 驶 车 辆）.Thcywoulddefinethodi'ivcr, sroleinsuchcarsandgovcrnhowsuchcarspcrfoi'mincras heswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe “ deathvalley ofautonomousvehicles：thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfu11ydriver 1esscarsthatcou1dde1aythedriver 1 essfutui'e.Dobrindtwantsthreethings ： thatacaralwayschoosesproperty （ 财 产 ） damagcoverpcrsonalinjury；thatitncverdistinguishcsbctweonhumansbasodonagoorrace； andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel一tocheckemai1,saythecar, smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.Thcchangetotheroadtraf f i c1aww i11 perm i tfu11yautomat i cdr i v i ng,saysDobrindt. 1twi1Iputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegal foot ingtohumandri vers , hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumer sand lawyers. "Theliability （法律责任）issueisthebiggestoneofthemall, M saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds, UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriver1esscars, introducedearlierthisyear, insiststhatahuman 4<bewatchfulandmoni toringtheroadn ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriver1esscars.“ Whenyousay * driveriesscars* , peopleexpectdriverlesscars , “ Meratsays. u You know-nodriver. *Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanope ration.Dri ver Iesscarsmayendupbei ngaformofpub1i ctransportratherthanveh ic1esyouown, saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversi ty,Cali Cornia. ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore, wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehicleseirebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyinthcUS,however.“The ideathatthegovernmentwou1dtakeoverdriver 1esscarsandtreatthemasapub1icgoodw ou1dgetabso1ute1ynowherehere,M saysCalo.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。它主要介绍了德国交通部部长提出的适用于自主驾驶车辆的 规章，能消除人们对于无人驾驶车辆的司机角色定位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广。46. Whatdoesthephrase “deathvalley” inParagraph2referto?A. Aplacewhcrccarsoftenbrcakdown.B. Acasewherepas si ngalawi si inpossible.C. Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D. Asituationwheredrivers, roleisnotclear.答案D解析 词义猜测题。 根据第二段中的 “ thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedr iverlessfuture. *可知，deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰 色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。47. TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto.A. stoppeop1efrombreakingtrafficruleshe 1 ppromotef'u 11 yautomat i cdr i v i ngB. protectdriversofallagesandracespreventscriouspropertydamagc答案B解析 推理判断题。第一段说Dobrindl提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾 驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“deathvalley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变 会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上, 由此推断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选B项。48. Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A. Itshouldgetthcattcntionofinsurancccompanies.B. Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C. Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D. Itshou1dinvo1venohumanresponsibility.答案I)解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的"Whenyousay <driverlesscars, peoplcexpoctdriverlesscars, v Mcratsays. u You knownodriver. v 可知，人们认为的无 人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项。49. Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein.A. SingaporeB. theUKC. theUSD. Germany答案C 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS, however. ”可知， 无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通 领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项。50. Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. AutonomousDriving： WhoseLiability?B. F7ul 1 yAutomaticCars： ANewBreakthroughAutonomousVehicles： DriverRemoved!C. DriverlessCars： RootofRoadAccidents 答案A解析标题归纳题。全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展 开了讨论，故选A项。跟踪训练A(河东区一模)There, snodoubtthatourcharacterhasaprofoundeffectonourfuture. Whatwemustreme mber , however , isnotmere1yhowpowerfu1 character!sininfluencingourfate( np is )， buthowpowerfulweareinshapingourowncharacterand ,therefore ,ourownfate. Charactermaydetermineourfate, butcharacterisnotdeterminedbyfate.It' saconunonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedve ryearlyinlife. Itcallstomindoldproverbslike “ Aleopai'dcan, tchangeitsspots ” and “Youcan' tteachanolddognewtricks,Thispcrspectivcthatourcharacteris“ctchedinstoncissupportedbyagreatdealofmodernpsychologyemphasizingself-acceptance. AsPopeyesay s, alamwhatlam. n Thehiddenmessageis： Don, texpectmetobemore, better, ordifferent.Ultimately, theseviewsofhumani tytotallyundervaluetheli felongpotentialforgrowthihatcomeswi th thepowerofreflectionandchoice.Howdepressingitwouldbetobelievethcitweccin， tchoosetobebetter , morehonest , morerespectful,moreresponsible,andmorecaring. Noneof'usshou1dgiveupthepersona1 seeki ngtoimproveourcharacter. Notbe causewe, rebad,wedon' thavetobesicktogetbetter,butbecausewe, renotasgoodaswecouldbe.Therearesomanythi ngsi n1i fewecanJ tcontrol , whetherwe, rebeautifulorsmart , whetherwehadgoodparentsorbad,whetherwegrewupwithaffirmationornegation. It * sinspiringtorememberthatnothingbut moralwillpowcrisnecdodtomakousbcttcr.No,itisn* teasy. Butifwemakeagreatefforttobecomemoreawareofthehabitsofheartandmindt hatdri veourbehav i or,wecanbegi ntop1acenewemphasi sonourhigherva1uessothatwebecomewhatwewantourchiIdre ntothinkweare. 语篇解读本文为议论文，题材为人生哲理。文章的主要话题是塑造和影响我们性格的因素。1. Whati sthebestti tleofthepassage?A. WeShapeOurOwnCharacterCharacterDeterminesOurFateB. CharacterIsFullyFormedandFixed. WeMustMeetWhatOurChi 1 drenNeed答案A解析标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章主要讲述了什么塑造了我们的性格以及我们的性格受哪 些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选A。2. Theauthoragreesthat.A. aleopardcan, tchangeitsspotsinlifewcmustattachimportancetosclf-acccptancoB. weshouldn, texpectourselvestobemoredifferentcharacterisnotfullyformedandfixedveryearly答案D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It' sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedcindfixedvery earlyinlife."可知D选项的意思与之相符，故选D。3. Intheauthor* sopinion, whichofthefollowingisTRUE? A. Wecan* tchoosetobebetter.B. Weshouldsecktoimprovcourcharactcrforwc* rebadcnough.C. Weshou1dva1ueour1i felongpotentialforgrowth.D. WeshouIdmakechoicesconstantly. 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者认为我们应该高度重视我们个人的终身发 展，故本题应选C。4. Whatdoweneedtoimproveourselvesaccordingtotheauthor?A. Oursmartness.B. Ourwillpower.C. Ourfate.I）. Ourcharacter.答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，作者认为我们需要意志力来自我完善。故选 BoWhcitcanweinferfromthepassage?A. Itisnotdifficulttoimproveourselves.B. Womusttryourbcsttoboasgoodaspossible.C. Ourchi1drenshou1dcopyourbehavior.D. WeshouIdcontrolasmanythingsaspossibleinlife. 答案B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推知选B项。 B （河北区二模）1amawriter. Ispendagreatdea1ofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage-thewayi tcanevoke（唤起）anemotion, avisualimage, acomplex idea,orasimpletruth. Languageisthetoolofmytrade. Andlusethema11-a11theEnglishesIgrewu pwith.BornintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlycirrivedinCalifornia,I t vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks. Likeothers,Ihavcdescribcdittopeoplcas“brokenEnglish. Butlfeelembarrassedtosaythat. Ithasalwaysbotheredmethatlcanthinkofnowayt odescribeitotherthan “ broken ” , as i f i tweredamagedandneeded tobef i xed , asifitlackedacertainwholeness. I , vehcardothertermsuscd , “ limitcdEnglish ”， forexample. Buttheyseemjustasbad ,asi feverythingislimi ted , includingpeople* sperceplions（认识）ofthelimi tedEnglishspeaker.Iknowthisforafact , becausewhenlwasgrowingup , mymother, s " limited ” Englishlimitedmyperccptionofhcr. IwasashamcdofherEnglish. IbclicvcdthathcrEnglish reflectedthequa1ityofwhatshehadtosay. Thatis,becausesheexpressedthemimperfectly, herthoughtswereimperfect. Andlhadplentyofevidencetosupportme：thefactthatpeopleindepartmentstores,atbanks，andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously , di dnotgi vehergoodservice , pretendednottounderstandher, orevenactedasi ftheydidnothearher.Istartedwritingfictioninl985. AndforreasonsIwonJ tgetintotoday,IbogantowritestoriosusingallthcEnglishesIgi'cwupwith ： thcEnglishshouscdwithmo , wh i chf or lackof abet ter termini ghtbedescribedas“ broken ”；andwhatIimaginetobehertrans 1 ationofherChinese , herinternal （内 在的）language , andforthatlsoughttopreservetheessence,butnei theranEngli shnoraCh i nesestructure. 1wantedtocatchwhat1anguageab iIi tytestsc annevershow：herintention,herfeelings,therhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts. 语篇解读本文主要讲述了作者在不同时期对母亲所使用的语言的不同看法。5. Bysaying u Language i s the too1ofmy trade.theauthormeansthat.A. sheusesEnglishinforeigntradesheisfascinatcdbylanguagesB. sheworksasatranslatorsheisawriterbyprofession答案D解析句意理解题。由文章第一句"lamawriter. ”和第一段的内容可知，此处表示作者是 一名作家。6. Theauthorusedtothinkofhermother, sEnglishas.A. impoliteB. amusingC. imperfectD. practical答案C解析 细节理解题。作者在文章的第二段和第三段中描写她母亲的英语时用了： broken（蹩 脚的），limited（有限的），imperfect（不完美的）三个形容词，故选C。7. WhichofthefollowingisTRCEaccordingtoParagraph3?A. AmericansdonotunderstandbrokenEnglish.