2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷（含答案解析）.docx

2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make (he passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word (hat best fits each blank.In a bid to control the nation's growing problem with food wastage, the South Korean government has started a unique initiative - "Pay as You Trash”. As of now, the South Korean government has three methods place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through a RFI card. When users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the lid (盖子)will open, allowing them to dump their waste. The waste 2 (weigh) automatically and a bill is recorded in the user's account which the user needs to settle on a monthly basis. Each RFI bin costs $ 1,500 and 3 serve 60 households.The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based on volume. There's also an electronic management system, 4 residents put food waste directly into the bin and pay for it by purchasing a special tag5 (attach) to the bin.Every household in South Korea is subject to one of these payment systems. 6 the new payment method affects you depends totally on how much food you throw away. Whatever system you use, you are sure to feel the pain of food waste. The more food you throw out, the more you end up 7 (pay).And it's working. Residents like Seoul housewife Ms. Kwan have found it necessary to adopt innovative methods to avoid food waste. She picks 8 wet out of leftover food before throwing it away. She also separates fresh produce and other food items into9 (small) portions so that only the required amount is used up per meal.4410 the fees can be reduced, I'm willing to adopt any innovative method to avoidfood waste,“ she said.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beA. Even the technical meaning of “good tests'' is open to question.B. It's when I became a test doubter.C. Different groups of people fit different test patterns.D. On all achievement tests, wc'rc promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).E. This includes judging which expertise to “trusl” and defending such choices.F. Time spent on standardized tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.六、概要写作. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The music in youAny party goer can tap her heel to an unfamiliar song without realizing it. Yet when asked on site, she might reply: "Music? I don't know anything about thal.”Maybe you've heard a variation on this theme: "I don't have a musical bone in my body.” Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year, when it's someone's birthday and the cake conies out. Privately, it's a different story. We belt out tunes in the shower and create rhythm tracks on our steering wheel. But when we think about musical expertise, we tend to imagine professionals who specialize in performance, people we'd pay to hear. As fbr the rest of us, our bumbling private efforts, rather (han illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music, seem only to demonstrate that we don't enjoy essential musical capacity.But the more psychologists investigate musicality, the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts, in quite a surprising sense. A lot of the most interesting and substantial elements of musicality are things that we all share. We aren't talking about instinctive, inborn universals here. Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience; maybe not years spent over an instrument, but a lifetime spent absorbing music from the open window of every passing car.In fact, for all its remarkable power, music is in good company. Many of our feelings are governed by a similar rule. We don't know how we come to like certain food more than others. We don't know why we fall in love. Yet in the very act of making these choices we reveal the effects of a host of instinctive mental processes. The fact that we respond to music 试卷第10页，共12页so naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality.七、汉译英（整句）.在烟雾的掩护下，她从边门溜走了。（cover）（汉译英）51 .即使目前不在本小区居住，你也有权领取停车证。（qualify）（汉译英）.从理论上讲，触屏广告互动性很强，吸引眼球，这使得其在产品推广方面的作用无 可比拟。（which）（汉译英）52 .考虑到这些参考书因维护不利，已破损不堪，请务必在每一本上贴上条码，以便归 档和后续追踪。（file）（汉译英）八、建议信53 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.你所居住的小区，虽地处闹市，但因建成较早，当年规划的300个停车位早已不能满足 500户居民的停车需求。小区业委会（owners，committcc）现正就如何缓解小区停车难这一 问题征求居民们意见。在小区公众号留言，谈谈你的看法。留言中包括：1 .你的建议；.你的理由。（文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）试卷第12页，共12页参考答案:1. in 2. isweighed 3. can 4. where 5. attached 6. Whether 7. paying 8. anything 9. sma Iler 10. If【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是为控制国内不断加重的食物浪费问题，韩国政府 推出了一项特别举措“为食物垃圾买单”。1 .考查介词。句意：到目前为止，韩国政府有三种方法向市民收取丢弃食物的费用。由“ihe South Korean government has three methods”可知，此处表示“韩国政府有三种方法向市民收取 丢弃食物的费用”，“have sth. in place”意为“拥有”，因此空格处是介词in,故填in。2 .考查时态，语态和主谓致。句意：垃圾会自动称重，账单会记录在用户的账户上，用 户需要每月进行结算。垃圾被称重，句子描述客观事实，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语 态，主语waste是不可数名词，因此空格处是is weighedo故填is weighedo.考查情态动词。句意：每个RFI垃圾桶价值1500美元，可以为6()个家庭提供服务。空 后serve是原形，空格处用情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“每个RFI垃圾桶价值1500 美元，可以为60个家庭提供服务”，空格处意为“能够，可以''，表示一种能力，用情态动词 can,故填 can。3 .考查定语从句。句意：还有一个电子管理系统，居民可以更接把食物垃圾扔进垃圾桶， 并通过购买贴在垃圾桶上的特殊标签来支付费用。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语 从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词system是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where 引导定语从句，故填where。4 .考杳非谓语动词。句意：还有一个电子管理系统，居民可以直接把食物垃圾扔进垃圾桶， 并通过购买贴在垃圾桶上的特殊标签来支付费用。句中谓语是put.and pay,空格处用非调 语动词，tag和attach之间是逻辑动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填 attached。5 .考查主语从句。句意：新的支付方式是否会影响你完全取决于你扔掉了多少食物。空格 处引导的是主语从句，由“depends totally on how much food you throw away”可.知，句子表示 “新的支付方式是否会影响你完全取决于你扔掉了多少食物“，空格处意为“是否“，用whether 引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Wheiher。6 .考查动名词。句意：你扔掉的食物越多，最终付出的代价就越多。end updoing是固定短 语，意为“最后做某事”，因此空格处用动名词paying作宾语，故填paying。7 .考查代词。句意：她从吃剩的食物中挑出任何湿漉漉的东西，然后扔掉。由“before throwing it away”及常识可知，句子表示“她从吃剩的食物中挑出任何湿漉漉的东西，然后扔掉”，空 格处意为“任何东西”,是anything。故填anything。8 .考查比较级。句意：她还把新鲜农产品和其他食物分成小份，这样每餐只吃所需的量。 由“so that only the required amount is used up per meal”可知，她还把新鲜农产品和其他食物分 成小份，这样每餐只吃所需的量，空格处意为“更小的”，用比较级smaller。故填smaller。9 .考查状语从句。句意：她说：“如果能降低费用，我愿意采取任何创新的方法来避免食 物浪费。”根据语境可知，句子表示“如果能降低费用，我愿意采取任何创新的方法来避免食 物浪费”，空格处意为“如果”，用if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填If。10 . A 12. E 13. C 14. H 15. D 16. G 17. I 18. F 19. J 20. K【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要阐述作者对着装要求的看法。11 .考查名词。句意：派对实际上可能是着装规范的最后堡垒，这一传统在从工作场所到学 校的各个地方都越来越不受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语,favor ”喜 欢，欢心”，是名词，符合句意。故选A。12 .考查谓语动词。句意：随着选择权从机构转移到个人，当着装与个人身份如此紧密地交 织在一起时，任何机构都会决定什么是合适的，什么是不合适的着装，这种想法似乎越来越 不合理分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词，作谓语，这句话描述的是现在的事实，所 以谓语用一般现在时，主语是the power of choice,谓语用第三人称单数形式，shifts“转换”， 是动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选E。13 .考查形容词。句意：见第2题详解分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表 语，unseasonable“不合情理的，不合时宜的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选C。14 .考查名词。句意：而且它可以让派对有节日气氛。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要 名词，作宾语，aii“气氛”，是名词，符合句意。故选H。15 .考查名词。句意：此外，如果要照相，一定的着装一致性可以为照片创造清晰的视觉效 果。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作主语，consistency“一致性”，是名词，符 合句意。故选D。16 .考查形容词。句意：有时，这涉及到与个人的时尚感相矛盾的服装。分析句子结构和意 思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，contradictory“矛盾的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选G。17 .考查形容词。句意：不管怎样，你都会在取悦主人和取悦自己之间感到痛苦。分析句子 结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，torn”犹豫的，举棋不定的”，是形容词，符合 句意。故选I。18 .考查形容词。句意：但她也表示，当一些客人要求成为这项规定的例外时，她一点也不 难过。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，叩set“不高兴的”，是形容词， 符合句意。故选F。19 .考查副词。句意：在这一点上，我认为着装规范可以被宽松地解释。分析句子结构和意 思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，loosely“宽松地”，是副词，符合句意。故选J。20 .考杳非谓语动词。句意：它可以拉伸以适合每个人。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词 stretch和主语It是动宾关系，所以这里需要动词的过去分词形式，作表语,stretched“被延伸”, 是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选K。21 . C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. A32. C 33. A 34. A 35. B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是由于经济全球化，很多人不得不离开家，但是这给 这些人带来了心理上的痛苦。21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任 何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A. subject科目；B. wealth财 富；C. vision 视野，看法；D. exchange 交换。根据上文“a belief that such mobility is possible” 可知，句子表示“坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家 的感觉”。故选C。22 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任 何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A.iransferred转移；B. tied 将系在上；C. reduced 减少；D. bridged 弥合（分歧根据上文“feel at home anywherein Ihe world”可知，坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有 家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方，be tied to意为“束缚于，捆绑于故选Bo 23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面产物，但现在被认为 答案第3页，共13页是全球化经济的核心。A. globalized全球化的;B. intense强烈的;C. exporting出口的;D. degrading 贬低身份的。根据上文“move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs”和下文economy可知，此处是指“这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面 产物，但现在被认为是全球化经济的核心”。故选A。24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。A. transporting 运输的;B. domestic 国内的;C. psychological 心理的；D. adminislralive 管理的，行政的。 根据下文“According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can't avoid feeling5 although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。故选C。25 .考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一项针对移民和移民的情感和经历的长期研究，许多 为了寻找更好前景而离开家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉，尽管很少有人公开谈论离开家 园的巨大痛苦。A. displaced无家可归的，流离失所的；B. suspected被怀疑的;C. abused被 滥用的；D. monitored被监控的。根据上文“leave home”可知，许多为了才找更好前景而离开 家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉。故选A。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对情感痛苦的容忍在20世纪的流动美国人中变得很普 遍，代表了来自过去的一种辩解。A. guidance指导;B. emergency紧急情况：C. departure 离开;D. justification 证明为正当，辩护。根据上文“Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century”可知，这种对情感痛苦的容忍在 2()世纪 的流动美国人中变得很普遍，代表了来自过去的对上文所说的人们的情绪的一种辩解。故选Do27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在19世纪，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入美 国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是一种情感上的抗拒。A. misleading误导的；B. wearing 使人疲倦的，令人厌烦的：C. resisting抗拒的：D. facilitating便利的。根据上文“many people who leave home in search of better prospects can't avoid feeling 5 although few speakopenly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入 美国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是他们在情感上抵抗的。故选C。28 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。A. silence沉默；B. restriction 限制；C. obstacle 障碍：D. emotion 情绪。根据上文“few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。故选A。29 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科技也让我们误以为流动是无痛的。A. temporary暂时的；B. traditional 传统的；C. painless 无痛的；D. formal 正式的。根据下文“The comforting vision of 10 offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one isalways just a mouse click or a phone call away'"'可知，科技也让我们误以为移动是无痛的。故 选C。30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技带来的令人欣慰的联系让搬家变得不那么意义重大，因 为“人们总是只需点击鼠标或打个电话A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B.alerl警报； C. connection 连接，联系；D. privacy 隐私。根据下文“offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since "one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away“''可知，科技可以 让人便于互相联系。故选C。31 .考杳副词词义辨析。句意：但这种说法过于乐观了，因为乡愁继续伤害着许多移民。A. overly 过度地；B. ultimately 最终；C. critically 批判性地；D. narrowly 勉强地。根据下文“fbr homesickness continued to hurl many”可知，这种说法过于乐观了，空格处意为“过度地故 选Ao.考查名词词义辨析。句意：电话和互联网提供的即时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切 地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生的。A. advancement前进；B. suffering 痛苦；C. immediacy 即时性：D. variety 种类。根据下文“those away from home can know exactly what they arc missing the exact moment and how it is happening”可知，电话和互联网提供的即 时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生 的。故选C。32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给人的印象是一个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它也强 调这种假设的不可能性。A. impossibility不可能性；B. diversity多样性；C. distraction使 人分心的事物;D. scale级别。根据上文“one can be in two places at once”可知,一个人不可 能同时出现在两个地方，此处表示“它给人的印象是个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它 也强调了这种假设的不可能性”。故选A。33 .考查固定短语辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽 管经常被低估,却是强烈而持久的。A. in line with符合；B. in addition to除之外（还有也）;C. in honor of 为了 纪念；D. in need of 需要。根据下文“for our attachment to home, although often 15, is strong and enduring”可知，这种观点并不符合我们的情感。故选A。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽 答案第5页，共13页管经常被低估,却是强烈而持久的。A. distributed分发;B. underestimated低估；C. illustrated 说明，阐明；D. identified鉴别。根据上文的"although”和下文的"strong and enduring”可知, 此处表示“我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的工故选B。35 . C 37. D 38. C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者深深地受到选修课中“Mr. punk rocker”的影 响，让她明白了外表不等于品质的道理。36 .词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Our 即est speakers included an outlandish dancer, a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict. And when I was curious that day to see who this session's speaker was, "Mr. punk rocker” walked in.（我们的演讲嘉宾包括一个占怪的舞者，一个塔罗牌 占卜者，甚至还有一个酒鬼。那天，当我好奇地想看看这次会议的演讲者是谁时，“朋克摇 滚先生”走了进来。）”可知，作者所选择的选修课的演讲嘉宾都是一些“社会失常行为者”的 代表。故划线词与abnormalily为同义词，意为“失常，异常行为故选C。37 .推理判断题。根据第一段中“That's when I spotted him: a threatening-looking punk rocker with b汰er leathers and black leather boots.（就在那时，我发现了他：一个看起来很有威胁性的 朋克摇滚歌手，穿着机车皮衣和黑色皮靴。户以及第四段“Therefbre, he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping, cleaning and laundry. He made sure she took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day.（因此，他搬去和她住在一起，帮忙做饭、购物、打 扫和洗衣服。他确保她按时吃药，每天至少逗她笑一次。）”以及第五段中“Andlhenhesaid:"I just figure it's normal fbr you to feel negative about me because of the way I look."（然后彳也说:“我 只是觉得你因为我的长相而对我有负面的感觉很正常。）”可知，该名选修课的演讲嘉宾着装 异常，但对自己的奶奶是无微不至的照顾。通过外表并不能由此就判定该人士是社会越轨者。 而通过该嘉宾所说的内容可知，很多人只是因为他的外表穿着和长相由此对其产生了负面的 感觉，这是不合理的。为此可以推断，他的行为与他的外表是不相符。故选D。38 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because of his visit that day, my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted, as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive. They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers.（因为那天他 的来访，我的孩子们可以穿任何他们想穿的衣服，只要相对干净，没有道德上的忌讳。他们 是正直和善良的孩子，虽然他们有时会让我们惊讶的红头发或奇怪的裤子。广可知，作者深 深地受到了该位演讲嘉宾的影响，在教育子女方面，作者明确的知道虽然有时候孩了们穿着 答案第6页，共13页怪异，但是他们本身确实正直和善良的孩子，即她知道外表不等于品质。这是作者学好这门 选修课的原因。故选C。39 . C 40. D 41. B 42. B【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍5个巧克力生产商。39 .细节理解题。根据 SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada 部分“SOMA also highlights their expertise（专长）in goods like whiskey and ice cream, which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates. （SOMA 还强调 了 他们在威士忌和冰 淇淋等商品方面的专业知识，这是其主要卖点，为客户提供巧克力以外的其他选择。）”可知， Soma的主要吸引力在于它提供巧克力以外的商品。故选C。40 .细节理解题。根据 Paul Young, London, England 部分“Three locations in London.（在伦 敦有三家店。）”,Que Bo!, Mexico City, Mexico 部分“Five locations in Mexico City.（在墨西 哥城有五家店。）"，SOMA Chocolate maker, Canada 部分“Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto.（在多伦多市中心有两个商店和一个实验室。户，Spriingli, Zurich, Switzerland部分 %vNumerous locations in Zurich.（在苏黎世有无数家店。）”和 SpagNVola, United States 部分 “Three outlets in US （在美国有三家门店。）”可知,这5个巧克力生产商在各自的国家都不 止有一家商店。故选D。41 .细节理解题。根据 SpagNVola, United States 部分“SpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire chocolate process from farm to store, making the shop stand out. （SpagNVbla 的夫 妻俩负责监督从农场到商店的整个巧克力加工过程，使商店脱颖而出。户可知，SpagNVola 在同行中表现出色是因为他们夫妻俩负责管理和监督整个生产过程。故选B。42 .推理判断题。根据第一段“And remember that besides ordinary facts like expiration （过期） date or manufacture place, labels bear essential information. If sugar is listed as the main ingredient（原料）on the label, quickly put it down and find a bar in which cocoa shines.（请记住, 除了保质期或生产地点等普通事实外，标签上还包含重要信息。配料是糖的就不选，那就不 是真正的巧克力。）”可知，顾客需要注意巧克力标签，是因为应该检查配料表以保证巧克力 的质量。故选B。43 . B 44. B 45. A 46. C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在网络时代，因为受到很多因素的影响，物品的价格 答案第7页，共13页used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. favor B. contained C. unseasonable D. consistency E. shifts F. upset G. contradictory H. air I. torn J. loosely K. stretchedThe party may actually