2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题（含答案解析）.docx

2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题(含听力)学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original ColorFew signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair. we grow older, our strands of hair lose their youthful color. Although this may seem like a permanent change, new research reveals that gray hairs 2 miraculously regain color at least temporarily.In one 1972 paper, the late doctor Stanley Coniaish reported an isolated case of a 38-year-old man, with his three strands 3 (be) light near the ends but dark near the roots. This signaled a reversal in the normal graying process. 4 begins at the root.A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first 5 (offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people. Having analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers, researchers compared the results with each volunteer's stress diary, in which individuals' review of their calendars and each week's level of stress rated are included.When hairs were aligned with (-tj对照)stress diaries, striking associations betweenstress and hair graying 6(re veal) and, in some cases, there was a reversal of grayingwhen stress was removed. There was one individual who went on a long vacation, and five hairs on that person's head returned back to dark during the vacation.Although it may seem easy to understand 1 stress can speed up graying, the researchers were surprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased. We could picture hair as a powerful tool to assess the effects of 8 (early) life events on aging because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events, much 9 the rings of a tree. It?s pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in some way. Hair grows out of the body, and then it crystallizes into0 hard and stablethat holds the memory of your past.六、概要写作. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Camping Can Be So Much Fun?When you go on holiday, where do you like to stay? If you haven't tried camping, maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.By grabbing your tent, and some additional things, it,s easy to head of! to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars. Many campers are dumping the trappings of their modem, busy life to do this, encouraged by experts who say a few peaceful nights in the middle of nowhere might be a good way to relax and improve our sleep patterns and well-being. It is also, of course, a good low-budget holiday option.For the adventurous, wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality. Armed with just some food and a sleeping bag, you're free from rules, away from other people, and able to enjoy the back-to-basics experience. But for those who still want some home comforts, a campsite is a more suitable place (o fix your tent. Here you have facilities such as washrooms, a shop and maybe even a restaurant. And for (he most luxurious camping experience, you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.More recently, sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic. One camping retailer, Halfords, reported a sharp rise in demand for products such as stoves, cool boxes and camping chairs. With (he addition of soft pillows, powerful torches and lamps (o light up your tent and a better selection of easy-to-cook food, you can almost guarantee a comfortable and enjoyable camping expedition. So maybe it's time to give camping a try.七、汉译英（整句）.她又把相册摊开在桌上未收，这是常有的事。（leave）（汉译英）51 .不久又会有一颗用于监测气象的卫星发射升空。（it）（汉译英）.在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节等节FI悬挂。（symbolize）（汉译英）.在偏远山区，空气很纯净，庄稼也不受污染，人们远离城市的喧嚣，过着简单而闲 适的生活。（free）（汉译英）八、其他应用文. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校学生会正在征集志愿者活动方案，请在以下三项 活动中选择项：、深入社区宣传环保知识；二、担任“奉贤博物馆”义务讲解员；三、 去孤儿院为孩子们上兴趣课。请你给学生会写封邮件，内容须包括：1 .你的选择及理由.你准备如何做参考答案:1. As 2. can#could#may#might 3. being 4. which 5. to offer 6. wererevealed 7. that 8. earlier 9. like 10. something#the【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，白发可以奇迹般地恢复颜色至少是暂时的。 文章介绍了这项研究的具体开展情况以及研究发现。1 .考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的头发失去了青春的颜色。此处引导时间 状语从句，表示“随着“应用as,句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。2 .考查情态动词。句意：虽然这似乎是一个永久性的改变，但新的研究表明，白发可以/ 可能奇迹般地恢复颜色至少是暂时的。后跟动词原形，表示“可以”或“可能”，应用情态 动词 can/could/may/mighto 故填 can/could/may/mighto.考查非谓语动词。句意：在1972年的一篇论文中，已故医生斯坦利科迈什报告了一个 38岁男子的孤立病例，他的三股发丝末端较浅，但发根附近较深。此处为with的复合结构， strands与be构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填being。3 .考查定语从句。句意：这标志着从根开始的正常变灰过程的逆转。此处引导非限制性定 语从句，修饰先行词process,从句缺少.主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。4 .考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人 们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填tooffer。5 .考查时态语态。句意：当头发与压力口志对照时，压力和头发变白之间的显著关联被揭 示出来，在某些情况下，当压力消失时，头发变白的情况会逆转。主语与谓语构成被动关系， 根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为striking associations,谓语用复数。 故填 were revealed 1,.考查宾语从句。句意：虽然压力会加速头发变向似乎很容易理解，但研究人员惊讶地发 现，当压力缓解时，头发的颜色可以恢复。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整， 应用that引导。故填that。6 .考查比较级。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对 衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。结合语境表 示“更早的“，应用比较级。故填earlier。7 .考查介词。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰 老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。后跟名词作宾 语，表示“像”,应用likeo故填likeo.考查不定代词或冠词。句意：头发从身体里长出来，然后结晶成坚硬而稳定的东西，保 存着你过去的记忆。此处表示“坚硬的某物“应用不定代词something或用定冠词+形容词， 表示一类事物。故填something或the。8 . G 12. B 13. C 14. K 15. H 16. F 17. J 18. E 19. D 20. I【导语】这是一篇记叙文。艾伦是一位先锋画家，他以传统的方式在画布上作画。他只是在 使用颜料方面不同于通常使用画笔的做法。文章对这位画家进行了介绍。9 .考查名词。句意：虽然他确实用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，但他使用绘画刀来作画。 根据"he uses painting knives to apply the paint”可知，此处是指用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条， 所以应用名词composition表示“作品”作宾语。故选G。10 .考查动词。句意：早期，他发现用画刀涂上的颜料给了他想要传达主题的特殊主体和纹 理。根据"his subjects”可知，此处是指表达画的主题，所以应用动词convey表示“传达”。故 选B。11 .考查名词。句意：这把刀可以留下各种各样的痕迹，从精致的修饰到激烈的横扫和油漆 的切片。根据“to fierce sweeping and slices of paint”可知，此处是指精致的修饰，所以应用名 词touch表示“修饰”作宾语。故选Co.考查动词。句意：艾伦有许多不同大小的绘画刀，但他更喜欢三到四把，因为经常使用， 这些刀现在都磨薄了。根据“with constant use”可知，此处是指这些刀现在都磨薄了。所以应 用动词wear表示“磨损故选K。12 .考查动词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、 风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据"not just the actual scene but also the changing light”可 知，此处是指他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线，所以应用动词capture 表示“捕捉”。故选H。13 .考查形容词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的 光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据"the direction of the wind"和“sounds and smells'' 可知，此处是指伴随的声音和气味。所以应用形容词accompanying表示“伴随的”作定语。 故选Fo14 .考查名词。句意：对于画家来说，在他离开现场很久之后，整个感官体验仍然固定在画 中。根据"the changing light, the direction of the wind”和"sounds and smells”可知，此处是指整 个感官体验仍然固定在画中，所以应用名词sensory表示“感官”作定语。故选J。15 .考查副词。句意：在他的一生中，艾伦广泛游历了许多特别的地方，这些地方激发了他 的创造性想象力。根据"for particular places”可知，此处是指艾伦广泛游历了许多地方，所以 应用副词widely表示“广泛地”作状语。故选E。16 .考查名词。句意：他是一个冒险的探索者，尽管有些地方很不方便或很困难。根据“or difficulty of some of the locations”可知，此处是指有时地方很不方便，所以应用名词 inconvenience表示"不方便”作宾语。故选D。17 .考查动词。句意：很久以前，他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法，因为这涉及画布、 油画颜料和许多其他工具。根据后文“He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him.”（他现在轻装旅行,只带速写本、钢笔和几幅水彩画。）可知,此 处是指他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法。所以应用动词abandon表示“放弃”。故选I。18 . A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人 的过程以及这个机器人对地球的影响。21 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的3D打卬机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自 身更小的物体。A. typical有代表性的:B. latest最新的:C. precise精确的;D. popular流行 的 o 根据下文“limited by the range of its nozzle, and can only make objects smaller than itself'可 知，3D打印机会受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的 3D打印机的通病。故选A项。22 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一 限制。A. part 部分；B. characteristic 特征；C. limitation 限制;D. shortage 短缺。上文“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle”提至3D打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限 制,C项limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生词复现。故选C项。23 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人，负责监控建造者的进度。 A. suitable 适合的：B. responsible 负责的;C. famous 有名的;D. ready 准备好的。下文“In the 答案第3页，共13页building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks”提到建造者和扫描仪需 要各司其职，故空处需要填与"carry out their respective tasks”的近义表达。B项"负责的'带入 为固定短语be responsible for表示“对某事负责”符合文意。故选B项。24 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：在建造过程中，建造者和扫描仪执行各自的任务，轮流打印 和调整，一层一层，直到结构完成。A. goon继续；B. work on影响；C. take turns轮流；D. contribute to 做贡献。根据后文“First, a builder keeps Hying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material.”和“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and 6the progress.”可知，两部分不光需要各司其职，还需要轮流合作。故选C项。25 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：材料的选择很重要，它必须足够轻，无人机可以携带，但 也要足够坚固，可以在上面建造下面的层。A. massive大的；B. stable稳定的；C. strong强 的、坚固的；D. flexible灵活的“空前有but表示转折，所以空处需要填一个和上文 “lighiweighi（轻的）”意义相反或相斥的词；C项“坚固的”符合句意。故选C项。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦建造机器人释放了一层材料，扫描机器人就会飞过并检 查进度。A. makes 做;B. improves 提高:C. inspects 检查；D. continues 继续。结合上文“The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.”可知，扫描仪是监控进度的；故空处需要填“monitor”的近义词，C项“检查”为近义 替换。故选C项。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些可能是建筑工人的错误，也可能是建筑材料膨胀时的缺 陷。A. misguidance 误导；B. imbalance 不平衡；C. misuse 误用；D. imperfection 缺陷。空前 有or表并列选择，并列的是前文的“errors（错误广，故空处需要填近义词。D项“缺陷”符合句 意。故选D项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这点上，人们还可以手动调整过程，在必要时监督和纠 正过程。A. changing 改变;B. supervising 监督；C. arranging 安排;D. measuring 测量。根据 上文“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flics over and inspects the progress.”可知，监督一般来说是扫描仪的工作，而在这一点上，人们也可以进行 人工的监督和纠正，其中inspects和supervising为近义词替换。故选B项。29 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过建造一个大圆柱体和一个小圆柱体来测试系统 的能力。A. features 特征；B. weaknesses 缺点；C. capabilities 能力；D. responses 回答。根据 下文“The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, 答案第4页，共13页because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve.“可知，这 个测试并不简单，想要通过这个测试，系统必须能力非常强，由此推出，是为了测试系统的 能力水平。故选C项。30 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，建造机器人打印的缠绕圈与上下层交错，以确保最大 程度的稳定性。A. Moreover 此外;B. Meanwhile 同时；C. Otherwise 否则；D. Instead 反之。 结合句意可知，这个测试的难度非常大，且上文提到“The tasks were not simple.”可以推出， 空处为D项“相反”，表示这个测试一点也不简单，相反，是非常难。故选D项。31 .考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但科瓦奇博士表示， 它们最初的主要任务可能是维修。A. Because因为；B. While尽管;C. If如果；D. After在 后。从句提到机器人有制造能力，主句提到它们的任务主要还只停留在维修阶段，由此可以 推出，前文为让步状语从句表示“尽管"、“虽然故选B项。32 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为从理论上讲，飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，它们 可以在危险或无法到达的地方修理东西。A. remote遥远的；B. unavailable不可用的；C. inaccessible 到不了 的；D. deserted 废弃的。上文“Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere,“提到机器人可以随便飞去任何地方进行修理工作，所以空处应指人类很难或几乎 无法到达的地方。故选C项。33 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士说，他的机器人可以用来发现和密封管道的泄漏， 或者修复高层建筑的裂缝。A. spot发现；B. squeeze挤压；C. replace代替；D. remove祛除。 结合常识可知，管道泄露应该是先发现、后密封。故选A项。34 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：这些机器人的工作速度更快，成本更低，对人类的风险也更 小。A. inquired 询问；B. intended 打算；C. expanded 拓展；D. assigned 分配。固定短语 be assigned to do表示“被安排去做某事”，结合句意，机器人被安排去工作，符合文意。故选D 项。35 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，科瓦克博士认为他的建筑机器人有一个潜在 的未来，可以在月球或火星表面做建造工作。A. vague模糊的；B. demanding要求高的；C. distant 遥远的；D. potential 潜在的。结合后文“But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difterence to construction on Earth.”可知，能够肯定的是建筑机器人对地球上的建筑产 生巨大的影响，由此推出，对于在月球和火星上做建筑工作是有可能的；D项表示“潜在的”、 “有可能的”，符合文意。故选D项。36 . B 37. D 38. C 39. A【导语】这是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生 什么，都习惯了勇往直前。36 .细节理解题。根据第一段中“I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter whal.（我从小就习惯了冒险和失望，所以我习惯了勇往直前, 无论发生什么）“可知，B选项“他在成长过程中经常遇到困难”正确。故选B。37 .词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008,1 went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face.（2008 年，我去了洛杉矶，试图在那里找到一份代理、分析师和金融经纪人的工作。不幸的是，这 些门都在我面前关上了）“可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己 的事业。由此推知，划线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业故选D。38 .细节理解题“根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word ttcan,C, wasn't in my vocabulary.（青春既有一定的天真，也有一定的毅力。我的字典里没 有“不能"这个词）''以及倒数第二段中'Tm now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500.000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.（我现在能够回 馈社区和事业。我每年捐赠大约50万美元，其中大部分用于治疗罕见疾病的研究）“可知， 作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。39 .主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.（我们要 吸取教训，其中最大的教训就是坚持下去。你可能不得不改变道路，但始终保持愿景在你面 前）”结合文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以习惯了勇往直前，无论发生 什么。由此可知，A选项“拒绝，回头如最符合文章标题。故选A。40 . B 41. C 42. D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国希思罗机场的三个停车场以及注意事项。40 .细节理解题。根据文章第一部分中“Just a 2-minule walk from the lenninals,（距航站楼仅 2分钟步行路程,）”可知,Short Slay离航站楼步行两分钟；根据文章第三部分“Business parking is available in Terminals 2 & 3 and Terminal 5 with no requirement to hand in your keys.（2、3 号 航站楼和5号航站楼设有商务停车场，无需上交钥匙。户可知，Business商务停车场就在一 些航站楼里。而根据文章第二部分中“Shuttle buses run every 10-15 minutes to the terminal 答案第6页，共13页doors.（每10-15分钟就有班车开往航站楼门口）”可知,Long Stay停车场到航站楼需要坐班车， 由此可以推出，从Long Stay到航站楼路程最长。故选B项。41 .细节理解题。根据文章第二部分中“The ideal solution fbr time-poor business travelers and other passengers who want to travel efficiently and in style.（对于时间紧迫的商务旅行者和其他 想要高效、时尚旅行的乘客来说，这是理想的解决方案。）”可知，商务旅行者时间安排紧， 最理想的就是选择商务停车场。故选C项。42 .细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分中“PLEASE NOTE: Heathrow currently doesn't provide EV （electric vehicle） charging facilities. With this in mind, we recommend that all customers driving EVs to the airport charge them adequately before arrival.（请注意：希思罗机场目前不提 供电动汽车充电设施。考虑到这一点，我们建议所有驾驶电动汽车前往机场的客户在到达之 前都要充分充电。）”可知，机场没有电动汽车充电桩，所以驾驶电动汽车的旅客最好在停车 前把车充好电。故选D项。43 . B 44. C 45. C 46. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法认知加工疗法。它能够帮 助患者改变消极态度和行为，减少对患者生活的负面影响，但同时也存在一些缺点，患者在 初始阶段可能会更加焦虑或不适。44 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patienfs current life.（这样做的目的是让病人对创伤事件有一个新的、更积极的看法和理解， 从而减少对病人当前生活的持续负面影响。户可知，认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创 伤性时间的积极看法和理解。故选B项。45 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time , allowing fbr a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.（与其他谈话疗法相比，它特别成功，因为它可以在很短的时间内完成，允许较低 的患者退出率。它还能增强大脑的连通性，从而减少创伤的长期影响。这种增强的连通性就 是为什么认知行为疗法经常被认为比药物更有效。）“可知，认知加工疗法成功是因为它完成 时间短，增强大脑的连通性，所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. lonely B. convey C. touches D. inconvenience E. widely F. accompanying G. composition H. captures I. abandon J. sensory K. wearingAn Innovative PainterAlan is a pioneering painter, working with oil paint on canvas in a traditional way. It is only in his use of paint that he differs from the usual practice of using brushes.Although he does use a brush to draw the mai