2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷.docx

2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模英语试卷学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第1题20222023学年天津西青区天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学高三上学期月考（第一次适应性测试）第 13题Learning a language isn' l easy. It takes lime. I agree. There , s no shortcut.A. Strike while the iron is hotAll roads lead to RomeB. Where there is a will, there is a wayRome wasn* t built in a day2、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第2题Father' s loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and, putting others first.A. cautiouscourageousB. consideratehumorous3、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第3题2022-2023学年9月天津西青区天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学高三上学期月考第5题When Erin found a lost wallet on the bus, she that going to a stranger, s house to return it was arisky move, but she decided to take the chance.A. disagreedcomplainedB. calculatedD. recommendedFor Carl, home is Akiak, a small village of about 400 people who rely on the Kuskokwim River for salmon in the summer, and geese and moose （驼）电）hunting in the spring and fall to keep （heir stomachs led.But as global temperatures rise, Alaska, s winters are getting shorter, and the permaGosI （永冻土层）near Akiak is melting, causing large waves in the river that have been eroding （侵蚀）the shoreline as they crash; Carl estimates they' ve so far lost about 100 feet of land.Carl' s concerns received national attention in 2019, when he and 15 other teenagers filed a landmark complaint with （he United Nations Committee on the Rights of （he Child, charging five countries with violating their rights as children by not doing enough to end the climate crisis and the threat it poses to their futures.The complaint was spearheaded by attorney Michael Hausfeld, who says Carl stood out because climate change is directly affecting his life. "He' s experiencing it firsthand. He is watching his life slowly diminish （缩、）and disappear, M Hausfeld tells People. "Carl could become an icon for the concept of intcrgcncrational equity （公正），which is an obligation of states to secure a living planet for the next generations.Carl traveled to New York for the Human Rights Day Summit, where he met fellow activists like Greta Thunberg and Alexandria Villasenor, who are also part of the complaint.“When I heard the stories from people around the world, I fell like I was with them,n he says. "We' re experiencing different things, but in a way, it, s all the same. I just felt connected to them in some way.n"I' m going to keep telling everyone that climate' s coming, climate' s changing, and it' s happening everywhere in the world,“ he says. "If we don' t do anything about it, we won' t have a home to live in. I just hope everyone listens.M【小题 1 What does （he underlined phrase "gel the word out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Let people know aboul something.B. Ccmduct research on something.C. Stq） something from happening.D. Go out for an adventure.【小题 2 Which of the following is true according to this passage?A. Five countries ignored the climate crisis.B. ITie Eskimos lived on what nature gave them.C. TTie Eskimoe' overuse of natural resources caused damages.D. Some countries were charged with violating international obligations.【小题 3 What' s ihe major problem that Akiak is facing?A. 'Ric population i& decreasing.B. Some species are going extinctMore and more land is being lost.C. Forests are being destroyed.【小题 4】What is Hausfeld' s attitude toward Carl' s actions?A. DoubtfuLB. Critical.C. Supportive.D. Worried.、题 5 Why did Carl file the complaint?A. To call attention to the climate crisis.B. To protect children from violence.C. To voice support far Eskimo children.D. To raise money for his hometown.【小题 6 Which of the following best describes Carl?A. Optimistic.B. Generous.C. Modest.D. Responsible.19、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第19题It，s hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you' rc between the ages of 10 and 19.“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that impair （损害）their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive （冲动的）behaviors, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. "Il may even increase a teen' s risk of depression and anxiety."Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, including their own, about how poor food choices can impact adolescent brains. They found adolescents arc more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex （前额皮质）is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn' t eat chips all the time and helps us resist （hat urge. However, this region is the last to mature - it doesn * t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.Meanwhile, teen brains get more buzz （兴奋）from rewards. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable - like eating tasty foods are fully developed by （he teen years.In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That' s because dopamine （多巴胺）.a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains.Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food. " It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation.M said Reichelt.Reichelt and her team conducted their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that the teenagemice that had a high-fat diet performed worse on memory tests than those eating a normal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice' s prefrontal cortex work less effectively.So, what* s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain' s reward system becomes less sensitive to food cues （线索）.Exercise also triggers the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.【小题 I What is （he purpose of the first （wo paragraphs?A. To figure out whal junk food ift.B. To explain the dangers of junk food.C. To show how junk food affect the brain.D. To analyze why junk £ood is hard to resist.小题 2 What makes it harder for young people to resist junk food according to the study?A. Proccaecd food makes them sensitive.B. It is hard to control impulsive behaviors.C. Tlieir still-developing prefrontal cortex.D. TTie low level of dopamine in their brains.【小题 3 】What did the study on mice prove?A. Our mood could suffer from eating junk food.B. High-fat diets may negatively afiect our creativity.C. ITie brain of a mouse is similar to that of a person' s.D. High-fat diets can harm our ability to process information.小题 4 How does exercise help us according to the last paragraph?A. It reduces the desire for junk food.B. Tt activates the brainy s reward system.C. It helps the prefrontal cortex work better with dopamine.D. It makes the body produce a protein that ccmtrolfi our impulses.小题 5 What column of the newspaper is the article probably taken from?A. Fashion.B. Technology.C. Health.D. Entertainment.20、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第20题Smartphones are our constant companions. For many of us, their glowing screens are a ubiquitous （十分普 遍的）presence, drawing us in with endless distractions. They are in our hands as soon as we wake, and command our attention until the final moments before we fall asleep.Steve Jobs would not approve.In 2007. Jobs took the stage and introduced the world to the iPhone. If you watch the full speech, you will be surprised by how he imagined our relationship should be with （his iconic （标志性的）invention. This vision is so different from the way most of us use these devices now.In his remarks. Jobs spent an extended amount of time demonstrating how users could utilize （应用）its touch screen before detailing the many ways Apple engineers had improved the age-old process of making phone calls. " Il' s the best iPod we' ve ever made,n Jobs exclaimed at one point. “The killer app is making calls,“ he later added. Both lines drew thunderous applause.The presentation confirms that Jobs imagined a simpler iPhone experience than the one we actually have more than a decade later. For example, （here was no App Store when the iPhone was first introduced, and this was by design. Jobs was convinced that the phone' s carcfully-designcd native features were enough. He did not seek （o completely change （he rhythm of users' daily lives. He simply wanted to take experiences we had already found important - listening to music, placing calls, generating directions and make them better.The minimalist （简约主义者）vision for the iPhone Jobs offered in 2007 is unrecognizable today - and that is a shame.Under what I call the “constant companion model,n we now see our smartphones as always-on portal （通道）to information. We have become so used to it over the past decade that it is easy to forget the novelty （新奇）of the device. It seems increasingly clear to me that Jobs probably got it right from the very beginning: Many of us would be better-off returning to his original minimalist vision for our phones.Practically speaking, to be a minimalist smartphone user means only using your device for a small number of features that do things of value to you. Otherwise, you simply put it away outside of these activities. This approach removes this gadget （，J、玩意）from the position of a constant companion down to a luxury object, such as a fancy bike, that gives you great pleasure when you use it but docs not dominate your entire day.Early in his 2007 keynote jobs said, “Today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone. ” What he didn' t add. however, was the follow-up promise: Tomorrow, we' re going to reinvent your life. " The smartphone is fantastic, but it was never meant to be the foundation for a new form of existence. If you return this innovation to its original role, you will get more out of both your phone and your life.【小题 1 According to Steve Jobs, what was the main selling point of Apple? s first iPhone?A. Il allowed its users to have access to the Internet.B. It was actually an iPod that could make phone calls.C. It was installed with q）plications by third-party developers.D. It could fulfill people' b desire to multitask in their daily lives.小题 2 According to the article, a minimalist smartphone user is likely to,expect to reinvent his life with the deviceA. buy the latest model of iPhone and see it as a luxuryspend more time working than playing with his deviceB. remove the unneceesary applications from the device【小题 3 】The underlined word “ it " in the 7th paragraph probably refers to.A. the native features of smartphonesB. the information on the InternetC. the novelty of the deviceD. the c（mstant companion model【小题 4 What can be inferred from the passage?A. "Hie minimalism of iPhone helps users bring oul the best of the device.B. Jobs expected iPhcme tn be the foundation for a new form of existoice.C. Smartphone users have changed their life to enjoy pleasant experiences.D. The invention of App Store has made smartphones luxury objects.【、题 5 】The author' s purpose in writing the article was to.A. tell readers why Steve created the iPhoneremind readers not to be addicted to their smartphonesB. ahow readers that smartphones can greatly change their livesencourage readers to block Internet access on their smartphones四、阅读表达21、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第21题阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. With little more than a pencil, a slide rule （计算尺）and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would lei Apollo i I land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong * s history - making moonwalk, let it return to Earth.Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred strictly educated, supremely capable yet largely unrecognized women who, well before the modern feminist （男女平等主义者）movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double separation （隔离）：They were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who in turn were separated from the agency * s male mathematicians and engineers.Mrs. Johnson broke barriers at NASA. In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of the black women who served as mathematicians for the space agency. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film Hidden Figures, which was nominated fbr three Oscars, including best picture.In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor. That year, The Washington Post described her as “ the most high-profile of the computers" - computersn being the term originally used to describe Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” were used in the 19th century to represent professional typists.She M helped our nation enlarge the frontiers of space," NASA' s administrator, Jim Bridenstinc, said in a statement on Monday, “ even as she made huge steps that also opened doors for women and people of color in the universal human quest to explore space.MAs Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley - from 1953 until her retirement in 1986 was “a time when comDutcrs wore skirts.”【小题 I What did Mrs. Johnson do as a NASA mathematicians, according to Paragraph I? (no more than 15 words)【小题 2 What barrier(s) did Mrs. Johnson have to break at NASA? (no more than 10 words)【小题 3 ) How did NASA recognize Mr. Johnson' s contribution? (no more than 10 words)【小 题 4】What docs the underlined phrases mean in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)【小题 5 What do you learn from Mrs. Johnson' s experience? (no more than 20 words)五、开放性作文22、【来源】2022年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三一模第22题假如你是晨光中学的学生李津，你校英文报向同学们约稿，讨论影响自身成长的因索。请你写一 篇英语短文给报纸投稿。内容提示：(1)陈述影响你成长的因素，如：家庭、学校、社会、朋 友、书籍等(不少于两点)；(2)谈谈这些因素如何影响了你的成长(需举例说明)。注意：词数 不少于100;文章的开头已给出(不计入词数)。The process of growing up is complex for every person.1、【答案】D;2、【答案】C;3、【答案】C;4、【答案】A;5、【答案】D:6、【答案】C: 7、【答案】C;8、【答案】B;9、【答案】A;10、【答案】B;11、【答案】A;12、【答案】C;13、【答案】B;14、【答案】B;15、【答案】A;16、【答案】【小题1 ) B【小题2】A【小题3 C【小题4 A【小题5 B【小题6 A【小题 7 D【小题8】B【小题9】C【小题10 C【小题11 A【小题12 D【小题13 D【小题14 B【小题15 C【小题16 B小题17 A【小题18 C【小题19 D【小题20】B17、【答案】17、【答案】【小题1 C【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】B1818【答案】【小题I A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】C【小题5】A【小题6】D19【答案】【小题I B【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】A【小题5】C20【答案】【小题1 B【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】A【小题5】B21、【答案】【小题 I 】She calculated prec