北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（含答案）.docx

北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷英 语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题;每小题L 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。“Sana, why don't you read this paragraph fbr us?” asked Miss Mehwish. Hesitantly, Sana stood up to read the paragraph. She was hesitant as she stammered （口吃）,"Em.Emma was stand.ing .” The class burst into1 ”Sana,“ said Miss Mehwish, “Sana, sit down.” Feeling 2. Sana sat down and Miss Mehwishasked someone else to 3 it.After the class, Sana went to the library to practice reading and overcome her inability. To go to the bookshelf, she walked 4 some of her classmates who were already sitting there.She heard them talk 5 "What is she doing here? asked one. "She needs to work hard!,' laughedothers. Disappointed, Sana picked a book. She settled at the far corner of the library and started reading the book. After many attempls, she found （hat it was not possible for her to read fluently. She needed a lot of practice and guidance.Aliza, one of her classmates who was observing her for quite some time, walked close to Sana and offered her6. Reluctantly （勉强地），Sana agreed. So every day, whenever （hey got time, Aliza wenl to teach Sana inreading.Soon Sana started to read fluently and she gained 7. A few weeks later, Miss Mehwish conducted areading test. When it was Sana's turn, to everyone's 8. Sana read the paragraph without stammering orhesitation. Miss Mehwish praised Sana on her 9 reading ability.Sana thanked Aliza for helping her and realised that ihere are always two types of classmates: the ones who考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，Sana开始流利地阅读，她有了信心。A. strength力量；B. confidence信 心；C. support支持；D. honor荣誉。根据上文“Sana started to read fluently "可知，Sana开始流利地阅 读，她有了信心。故选B。make fun of you and the ones who help you _10_ your weaknesses.LA. angerB. tearsC. cheersD. laughter2. A. surprisedB. worriedC. embarrassedD. pleased3. A. acceptB. cleanC. readD. use4. A. pastB. aroundC. withD. over5. A. bravelyB. slowlyC. calmlyD. quietly6. A. helpB. timeC. moneyD.hope7. A. strengthB. confidenceC. supportD. honor8. A. regretB. shockC. shameD. relief9. A. improvedB. requiredC. identifiedD. hidden10. A. forgetB. findC. valueD. overcome【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当轮到Sana的时候，让所有人震惊的是，Sana没有口吃或犹豫地读了这段 话。A. regrei 后悔；B. shock 震惊；C. shame 惭愧；D. relief 宽慰，轻松。根据下文 “Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation 0可知，Sana没有口吃或犹豫地读了这段话，这应该会让人震 惊。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mehwish老师赞扬了 Sana阅读能力的提高。A. improved提高了的；B. required 必需的；C. identified 被识别的；D. hidden 隐藏的。根据上文 “Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation ” 可知，Sana 阅读能力提高了。故选 A。【10题详解】考杳动词词义辨析。句意：Sana感谢Aliza的帮助，她意识到总有两种同学：一种取笑你的，一种帮助你 克服缺点的。A. forget忘记；B. find找到；C. value重视；D. overcome克服.根据上文“Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation可知，有一种朋友是会帮助你克服缺点的。故选D。第二节：语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】11. smaller12. which#thatquickly【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Zhang Tian去一个农村当志愿者教师，但这所学校不是所有的一 切都符合他的期望。11题详解】考查比较级。句意：这所学校比他想象的要小得多，只有三个教室。由由an可知，空格处用比较级 smaller,故填 smaller<>【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在教室前面，有一个操场，刮风的时候是尘土飞扬的，下雨天是泥泞的。分析可 知，空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词playground是物，因此空格处川关系代词 which/that引导定语从句，故填which/thato【13题详解】考查副词。句意：离开的想法曾经闪过他的脑海，但他很快放弃了这个想法，并找到了应对挑战的方法。 空格处要用副词quickly修饰动词短语gave up,故填quickly。【答案】14. with 15 was cleaned16. enjoying【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国过春节的经历和感受。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：这是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中国过春节。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处需用介词with,表示“和”,即和寄宿制家庭过春节。故填wilh。【15题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：首先，房子被彻底打扫了一遍。由文章前一句谓语动词began和空后was可知， 空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情：又因house与clean之间是被动关系，所以空处需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done,主语是单数，所以用was。故填was cleaned,【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐，祝大家新年快乐。句中已有谓语动词， 所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语We与enjoy之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填enjoying。【答案】17. countries18. plays 19. who20. that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍长寿的秘诀。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在一些国家，人们的寿命很长。设空前有some修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填countries o【18题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：科学研究表明，吃正确的食物在决定你的寿命方面发挥着重要作用。分析可知， 设空处为从句谓语，根据主句可知时态为一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，故填plays。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一项研究发现与不运动的人相比，按照推荐水平锻炼的人寿命延长了 3, 4年。分析可 知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词怕，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填who。【20题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：此外，研究表明，与快乐之间也有联系，快乐的人往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更久、 更健康。分析可知，设空处引导同位语从句，对link进行解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少意思，故 填（halo第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）【答案】21. C22. B 23. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是哈尔滨冰雪大世界的相关情况。21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The best lime to enter （he ice world is around 3 pm to appreciate the shining ice sculptures in （he daylime（进入冰雪世界的最佳时间是下午3点左右，可以欣赏白天闪闪发光的冰雕）”可 知，参观冰雪世界的最佳时间是下午3点，故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Experience the speed and excitement of icy super slides.（体验冰雪超级滑梯的速 度和刺激。）”可知，在冰雪世界你能体验冰冷的滑梯。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的 “No matter whether you are a solo traveler looking for a travel partner, a couple looking for something romantic and fairy tale, or traveling with young children or with friends for fun and adventure, we can create a trip that is right for you.（无论您是寻找旅行伙伴的独自旅行者,还是寻找浪 漫和童话的情侣，还是与年幼的孩子或与朋友一起旅行，我们都可以为您创造适合您的旅行。）”可知，这 是一篇广告，介绍的是哈尔滨冰雪大世界的相关情况，是关于旅游的，因此可以在报纸的旅行版面找到这 篇文章。故选A。【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是在油轮上工作的女总工程师Juliana的相关情况。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ Her ship supplies fuel to other ships coming to the port and her job requires her to pay much attention all the time.（她的船为其他来港的船只提供燃料，她的工作要求她时刻保持高度的注意 力。）”可知，她对工作总是很细心。故选B。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Unlike most chief engineers, who avoid getting dirt on their hands, Juliana loves to put her hands in grease （润滑油）.She changes oil and engines and attends all daily works. According to Juliana, her job is not something that other women cannot do. Though the work on ship requires considerable amount of physical strength, a trained woman officer can easily deal with it.（不像大多数总工程师，他们避免让自己的手沾 上污垢，Juliana喜欢把她的手放在油脂中。她负责更换机油和发动机，并参与所有日常工作。Juliana说， 她的工作并不是其他女性不能做的。虽然船上的工作需要相当大的体力，但个训练有素的女军官可以轻 松应付。）”可知，第二段主要讲的是她在船上的日常工作。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “Bui what she loves most is （he satisfaction she gets from doing something adventurous and unique.（但她最喜欢的是做一些冒险和独特的事情所带来的满足感。）”可知，Juliana工作 中最吸引她的是从工作中获得满足感。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Juliana wants to tell all the women out there in the world that they have great possibilities to seek a respectable position in the maritime （海上的）field. She feels that it is important for women to believe in themselves and look for unique career opportunities in the marine industry.（Juliana 想告诉世界上所 有的女性，她们有很大的可能性在海事领域寻求一个受人尊敬的职位。她认为女性应该相信自己，并在海 洋行业寻找独特的职业机会。）”可知，她是一个很有自信的人，故选C。【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐可以帮助提高人们在跑步中的表现。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段"To put this theory to the test, I took part in a special half marathon, which had groups of musicians playing at various points along the roule（为了验证这一理论，我参加了一场特殊的半程马拉松比 赛，沿途有几组音乐家在不同的地点演奏）”可知，作者参加这场特殊的马拉松是为了验证上文提到的理 论，故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“An expert on the effects of music on exercise, Dr. Costas Karageorghis, claims that listening to music while running can raise performance by up to 15%（研究音乐对运动影响的专家 Costas Karageorghis博士称，跑步时听音乐可以使运动表现提高15%）”可知，Costas Karageorghis相信音乐可以 帮助提高人们在跑步中的表现。故选B。【30题详解】观点态度题。根据最后一段 “Of course, the music was not only there to help runners break their personal bests, but to provide a sense of occasion, draw out （he crowds and create a festival atmosphere. Along with some spring sunshine, it certainly achieved that.（当然，音乐的存在不仅仅是为了帮助跑者打破他们的个人最好成绩，而 是为了提供一种场合感，吸引人群，创造节日气氛。再加上春天的阳光，它当然做到了）”可知，作者非 常认同音乐在跑步时对人的积极作用，及提高个人表现，创造场合感和欢快的气氛。由此可知，作者对于 跑步时音乐的功能是持积极乐观的态度的。故选A。【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现峻酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。 【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“ihe different stockings with each olher（不同的丝袜之间）"和"the team came out with a winner that was about 100 times more attractive than the last place stocking（这个团队最终选出 了 比倒数第 一名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜）”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“在将不同的长简袜相互比拼后， 该团队选出了比倒数第一名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜”。由此可知，划线词pilting的意思是“比 较“，和comparing意思相近，故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sure enough, （hey found that the stockings that were highly attractive to mosquitoes had high levels of carboxylic acids. "If you have high levels of this stuff on your skin, you're going to be the one at the picnic getting all the bites,“ says VosshalL（果不其然，他们发现对蚊子极具吸引力的长袜含有 大量的粉酸。“如果你皮肤上有大量的这种物质，你就会成为野餐时被咬伤的那个人，" Vosshall说）”可 知，从文章中我们能了解到峻酸含量高的人对蚊子更有吸引力。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “And it is unlikely that any single product could change a person*s skin odor to enable them to avoid mosquitoes entirely4而且，任何一种单一的产品都不太可能改变一个人的皮肤气味，使 他们能够完全避开蚊子）”可推知，改变皮肤气味的产品很难阻止蚊子。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的 “Scientists and ordinary people alike have long wondered why mosquitoes are more attracted to some people than others. Growing evidence suggests that a person's unique odor （气床）plays a large pari in il, with several odorants known as mosquito attractants. Now, the smell of carboxylic acids （峻酸）can be added to that list, researchers at Rockefeller University reported.（长期以来，科学家和普通人 都想知道为什么蚊子对某些人更有吸引力。越来越多的证据表明，一个人独特的气味在很大程度上起着作 用，有几种气味被称为蚊子引诱剂。现在，洛克菲勒大学的研究人员报告称，竣酸的气味可以被添加到这 个列表中）”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现按酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。由此可知，“为什么有些人比其他人更吸引蚊子？ ”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）【答案】35. B 36. D 37. G 38. C 39. E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述让孩子如何敞开心扉和你谈话的一些方法。【35题详解】根据卜文“But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word.（但其他时候，他们保持沉默或只用 一句话回应。）”可推断出上文和此相反，B选项“有时候，孩子们很乐意聊天。”符合题意，并且“Sometimes” 呼应下文Mother timesv ,故选B。【36题详解】根据 I：文 “ Wi【h the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up.（有了 正确的策略，即使是最沉默的 孩子也会敞开心扉。）”再结合下文的各个小标题，可知此处讲有一些方法可以让孩子敞开心扉，故D选项“下面是如何让他们告诉你他们的一天。”符合题意，故选D。【37题详解】根据小标题“分享你自己的经历”可知本段主要讲关于怎样去分享自己的经历的，G选项“如果你分享你 自己的亮点和不足，孩子们可能会跟随你的脚步。”符合本段主旨，并且紧密连接下文，故选G, 【38题详解】根据本段内容“Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.（问问你 孩子什么时. 候感到失望、沮丧或悲伤。让孩子们分享消极和积极的情绪，可以帮助他们以一种更常规、压力更小的方式 解决问题。）”可知本段讲不但要分享积极的情绪，也要分享消极的情绪,c选项“不要只期待积极的经历。” 概况了本段主旨，故选C。【39题详解】根据上文 uChoose a time to talk when you'll be able to listen to your child.（选择一个你能听孩子说话的时间。） 可知要选择不能分心的时间去听孩子说话，再结合下文“Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when yoifre not paying full attention当你没有全神贯注的时候，孩子不太“能给出深思熟虑的答 案。）”，可推测出此处为说明你应该如何做才能不分心，E选项“放下手机，避免做其他家务”起到承上 启下的作用，故选E。第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节：阅读表达（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。【答案】40. Causing anxiety and making us weak.41. Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.42. The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.43. First, I often lake exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述烹饪和烘焙可以消除生活中不必要的烦恼。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Is it the future worrying me? Did 1 hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, causing anxiety and making us weak.（我担 心的是未来吗?我是不是误伤了人?我是否对生活期望过高?我们经常陷入这些不必要的想法，引起焦虑，使 我们软弱）”可知，如果我们陷入不必要的担忧，就会引起焦虑并且使我们软弱，故答案为Causing anxiety and making us weak.。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 “Cooking can work as a treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor menial health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back （he feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives.（烹饪可以作为一种治疗方法,这已经得到了 一些科学解释。心理健康专家谈到了亮饪和烘焙给心理健康状况不佳的人带来的好处。通过烹:饪，这些人可 以重新掌控自己的生活。他们可以找回从口常生活中消失已久的快乐和兴奋的感觉）”根据专家的说法，烹 饪会给心理健康状况不佳的人带来快乐和兴奋的感觉。故答案为Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据第二段“The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the ones that I can connect to, and search up fbr materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy, but it leads me to discover something I am good at, which I might have never tried otherwise.（在过去的几个月里，我 一直在逃避悲伤和沮丧的想法。我阅读快速食谱，找到我能联系到的，并在厨房里寻找材料。每次我切蔬菜 的时候，就好像我在切掉我的问题。所有这一切不仅给我带来了巨大的快乐，而且还让我发现了我所擅长 的，否则我可能从未尝试过的事情）”可知作者选择做饭，不是作者用一顿好饭来安慰自己，而是做饭给作 者带来了快乐，发现了自己所擅长的，所以中间划线部分是错误的。故答案为Theauthorchoosestocookwhen he feels sad because he wants【o comfori himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness, o【43题详解】本题可有多种答案，仅供参考。这是我经常用来消除烦恼的两种方法：First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way fbr me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.第二节：书面表达（20分）【答案】Dear Jim,1'vc heard you arc interested in our online PE class. Now I'd like to introduce it to you.First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes fbr online PE class. PE teachers demonstrate movements and techniques on videos and students do some warm-ups and other sports by watching videos on how to do sports practice. Our online PE class is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice. Online PE class not only can encourage us to do physical exercise actively, but also can improve our health at home.That's all fbr our online PE class. If you want to know more, contact me!Yours, Li Hua 【解析】【导语】这篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对于你校近期组 织的线上体育课很感兴趣，请你根据下面的信息给他回信，介绍线上体育课相关情况。【详解】1 .词汇积累首先：First of all> Firstly演示：demonstrate show各种各样的：various* varieties of提高：improve* enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class.拓展句：First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class, which contributes to taking exercises.【点睛 J 高分句型 1 Our online PE class is well received by all students because various sports courses arc offered and wc can do different sports of our own choice.（运用 了 because 引导的原因状语从句）【高分句型 2 Online PE class not only can encourage us to do physical exercise actively, but also can improve our health at home.（运用了 not only.but also句型）第二节：语法填空（共10小题;每小题L 5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Zhang Tian travelled to a village as a volunteer teacher. However, not everything lived up to his hopes. The school was much 11 (small) than he had expected, with only three classrooms. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground 12 got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, bu( he 13 (quick) gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内