英语语法同义词辨析详解doubt,suspect.docx

英语语法同义词辨析详解doubt,suspectdoubt, suspect一、doubt及物动词。意思是怀疑、不相信。一般含有否定的意思。 如果用于肯定句,要接if或Whether引导的宾语从句,不能接that引 导的从句。只有在疑问句和否定句中才能接that引导的从句。例如：You can write to him if you doubt my wo rd.如果你不相信我说的, 你可以写信给他。I don't doubt that you are honest.我没有怀疑你是个诚实的人。I doubt if he can operate the machine.我不相信他会操纵这机器。Nobody can doubt what he says.没有人能不相信他所说的。二、suspect及物动词、名词、形容词。作及物动词意思是疑心（有 某种情况）、怀疑、想到、觉得。所要表达的是一种猜想。跟that 从句、名词、代词、带不定式的复合宾语。作名词意思为：嫌疑犯、 嫌疑分子。作形容词意思为值得怀疑、靠不住。例如：The mouse suspected danger and didn't touch the trap.老鼠疑 心危险就没有碰捕鼠器。He suspected that I had been in jail.他怀疑我已入狱。I suspected him to be a liar.我怀疑他是一个说谎者。Several main suspects were arrested.（名词）几个主要嫌疑犯被铺ToThe evidence for this theory is suspect.（形容词）这个理论的根据 不靠谱。door, gate一、door名词。意思是门。指房子的门或门口，也指各种车辆的 门或橱窗的门。例如：Shut the door.关门。There is a little picture on the fridge door.冰箱的门上贴着一幅小画。The driver closed the door and started his car.司机关上车门,发动 汽车。二、gate名词，意思是大门、城门、院墙门。所指之门往往为城 墙或院子的大门。例如：The city gate was pulled in 1968.城门是一九六八年拆掉的。He pushed to open the garden gate.他推开了花园的大门。A crowd gathered at the factory gate.一群人聚集在工厂的大门口。 doing sth., to do sth.doing sth和to do sth.即代表动名词和动词不定式。这两种非谓语动 词在很多情况下使用是有区别的。一、作主语、表语时的区别：一般情况下,要表示比较抽象的一般性的 行为时，多用动名词；在表示具体的某次行为时多用不定式。例如：Smoking is prohibited here.止匕地禁止吸烟。It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽那么多烟不好。Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子。Their task now is to increase food production.他们目前的彳壬务就是 增产粮食。有时用动名词作主语是表示说话人的经验之谈，而用不定式作主语则是 表示说话人的意见、观点、看法。例如：Learning a foreign language is difficult学习一门外语很困难。（这里说明说话者已经学习了一门外语，而且亲身感受到了难度）To learn a foreign language is difficult.学习一门外语很困难。(这 里说明说话者对学习外语说难只是一种理性认识，或许听他人说学习外 语困难，或许只是一种猜测而已)二、作动词宾语时的区别：()常见跟不定式作宾语的动词有want, like, wish , hate, prefer, hope , continue, manage , try, ask, offer, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, learn, desire, agree, expect, care, choose, determine, undertake。而 tell , advise , show z teach # find out z decide z discuss z learn, forget 等 动词还常跟一个带连接代词或连接副词的不定式。例如：Mr. Li offered to help us.李先生提出要帮助我们。I didn't expect to find you here.没想到在这儿碰到你。He will teach me how to repair the computer他会教我如何修电脑。No one could tell me where to buy the book.没有人能告诉我哪儿 能买到这本书。()常见跟动名词作宾语的动词有suggest,finish z avoid , stop , need , can't help mind, enjoy, leave off, delay, put off, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, consider, escape, misso 例如：He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们作肯定回答。Have you finished correcting the student's papers ?学生的卷子 改完没有？（三）不定式表示前面主语的动作，而动名词则可以表示彳王可人的行为。 例如：I hate to talk about other people's shortcomings.我不喜欢谈论另! 人的短处。（指我不谈别人的短处）She hates talking about other people's shortcomings.她讨厌谈论 的短处。（谁谈都讨厌）（四）在有的动词后，不定式作宾语表示主动意义，而动名词作宾语却 带被动含义。例如：The plants want to be watered daily.这些花需要天天浇水。The plants need watering daily.这些花需要天天浇水。（五）在forget, remember后面,动词不定式T殳式表示动作尚未 发生，而动名词的一般式则表示动作已经发生（相当于完成式）。例如：Don't forget to take medicine别忘记吃药。（言外之意是：你没有 吃药，别忘记吃）Don't forget taking medicine.别忘了吃过药了。（言外之意是：你已 经吃过药了，不要再吃）I shall remember to show him around the school next month.我 会记着下个月领着他参观学校。（带他参观的动作尚未发生，需要记着 下个月要带他参观学校）I remember showing him around the school last year.我记彳导去年 带着他参观过学校。（带他参观的动作已经发生）三、在stop, leave off后面不定式和动名词意义不同。不定式是状语， 表示停下别的动作而开始不定式的动作；动名词是宾语，表示停下动名 词的动作。例如：He stopped to smoke.他停下来,开始吸烟。He stopped smoking.他戒烟了。