2022-2023学年辽宁省大连市滨城联盟高三(上)期中英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
20222023学年辽宁省大连市滨城联盟高三(上)期中英语试卷ADuring the teenage years, hormonal (荷尔蒙的)changes lead to physical changes like rap 1211 muscle growth, burst in height, and weight gain in both boys and girls.Take a look at the information and height and weight charts for teens presented in this article if the question"How much should I weigh for my age and height" is bothering you.Average Height and weight Charts for Teens Faster growth in kids usually can be noticed at age 8.Genetic factors also determine the physical growth of a child.So, it is perfectly normal for two kids of the same age to have different weights and heights.The following figures should be used as guidelines only.For BoysFor GirlsAgeHeightWeightHeightWeightin YearsIn InchesIn PoundsIn InchesIn Pounds12135862851006 0639510514 156366105 12563 6410511516- 176770130- 15064115- 12018206870150 16064125130Ideal Body Fat PercentageFit men have 14% - 17% body fat.Fit women have 21% - 24% body fat.Male athletes have 6% - 13% body fat.Female athletes have 14% - 20% body fat.The ideal body fat percentage varies mainly according to age, sex and the physical acivity of the individual.But it is a fact that some female athletes have body fat as low as 10% and some male athletes had lower than 4% body fat.So, it can be observed that other than the above mentioned factors, genetic factors also influence the body-fat ratio (比率).Body Mass Index (BMI)You may use the following formula to calculate our BMI:As per SI Unit(s 国际单位)BMI= mas (kg) /height (meters) 2 Following conclusions can be derived from (t 导到)calculating the BMI:The little girl headed back down to the old man's house. From that day on something changed inside the old man.答案和解析13.【答案】A、C、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一个表格下的第四段The ideal body fat percentage varies mainly according to age, sex and the physical acivity of the individual.But it is a fact that some female athletes have body fat as lo w as 10% and some male athletes had lower than 4% body fat.So, it can be observed that other than the above mentioned factors, genetic factors also influence the body-fat ratio (比率).(理想的身体脂肪百分比主要根据年龄、 性别和个人的身体活动而变化。但事实上,一些女性运动员的体脂肪含量低至10%, 一些男性运 动员的体脂含量低于4%。因此,可以观察到,除了上述因素之外,遗传因素也影响体脂比。)可 知本文中提到了(决定孩子身体成长的)所有因素基因,性别,年龄,除了营养。故选A。(2)细节理解题。从图表 For Boys 12-13 岁,身高 58-62 inches; For Girls 12-13 岁,身高 60-63 inches, 可知在青少年初期女孩比男孩长得快。故选C。(3)数字计算题。根据第二个表格的上一段As per SI Unit (s国际单位)BMI= mas (kg) /height (meters) 2 Following conclusions can be derived from (t 导到)calculating the BMI:(根据国际 标准单位BMI=mas (kg) /身高(米)2,通过计算BMI可得出以下结论:)可知一个男孩身高 1.5米,体重68公斤,那么他的BMI是30.22,再结合第二个表格的倒数第二行可知这个男孩是 obese o 故选 B。本文是一篇应用文,在青少年时期,荷尔蒙的改变会导致身体的变化,在身高和体重上都会改变, 男孩和女孩的变化是不一样的。身高和体重的变化是否正常,本文给出了具体的计算方法。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。47.【答案】C、C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一S The vacuum cleaner was screaming, and worse still, I had to empty the bag several times (吸尘器在尖叫,更糟糕的是,我不得不几次清空袋子)可知, 戴森非常不喜欢所用机器的工作方式,文中drove me crazy, lost it都表示他非常不高兴。因此 C.Dyson was not a little annoyed when the vacuum cleaner went wrong.(吸尘器出问题时,戴森非常 恼火。)符合题意。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993 , when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $ 1 million.Then my bagless vac uum cleaner was produced in large numbers.Within two years,the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.(然而,直到 1993 年,我的银行经理亲自 说服劳埃德银行借给我1000万$1,我还是陷入了财务困境。然后我的无袋式吸尘器就大量生产 了。两年内,戴森真空吸尘器成为英国最畅销的产品。)可知戴森获得100万美元的贷款后,无 袋吸尘器被大量生产出来,故选C。(3)推理判断题。根据第二段 By 2, 627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies.By 3, 727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash,and we were getting further and further into debt.These were tough times, but with my family ,I pulled through and each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.(至lj 2627 年,我和妻子真 的开始精打细算了。到了 3727年,我妻子开始教艺术课来赚些外快,我们的债务越来越多。这些 都是艰难的时期,但是和我的家人一起,我度过了难关,每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一 步。)可知,没有妻子家人的帮助,戴森的发明可能以失败告终。因此B.Dyson might owe his success to his family (戴森可能把他的成功归功于他的家庭)符合题意。故 选B。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段Today,I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of my life. n Go out and brainstorm new ideas." I often tell myself.(今天,我仍然把风险和失败的可能性作为我生活的一部分。”走出去,集思广益。 “我经常告诉自己。)可知戴森今天扔接受风险和潜在的失败作为人生的一部分,并不断尝试新的 想法。因此D.He who never failed might never succeed.(从不失败的人可能永远不会成功。)是戴 森的座右铭。故选D。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了戴森吸尘器的失败与成功。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。811 .【答案】D、C、B、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They are also said to befgreener'pets because their smaller appetites mean less area of land required to far m the food .(它们也被认为是“更环保”的宠物,因为它们较小的胃口意味着种植食物所需的土地面 积更少。)可知,猫“更环保”,对环境的影响较小。故选D。(2)词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句Staff from New Horizon network team have carried out a study which lasted a fortnight and they publish ed their conclusion on their home page last Friday- dogs are better pets than cats .(新地平线网名各 团队的工作人员进行了一项为期两周的研究,并于上周五在他们的主页上发表了他们的结论-狗 是比猫更好的宠物。)以及第五段With the scores tied at five-all,the deciding point fell on usefulness - with dogs coming out on top.(由于比分是五平,所以决定因素 就落在了狗的有用性上。)可知,作为宠物,狗比猫好一点,划线部分by a whisker意为”一点儿, 结合选项,A.considerably,相当多地;B.in some aspects在某些方面;C.a little bit有点,有几分;D.exactly the same完全一样。分析可知,C项符合语义。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第四段第三句Even four-month-old puppies choose a human companion over another dog.(即使是四个月大的小狗也 会选择人类伴侣而不是其他狗。)可知,四个月大的小狗更有可能选择一个人类伴侣。故选B。(4)标题归纳题。根据全文内容,结合第一段Which are the better pets, cats or dogs?Staff from New Horizon network team have carried out a study which lasted a fortnight and they publish ed their conclusion on their home page last Friday- dogs are better pets than cats .(猫和狗,明卜个 是更好的宠物?新地平线网络团队的工作人员进行了一项为期两周的研究,并于上周五在他们的 主页上发表了他们的结论-狗是比猫更好的宠物。)可知,文章通过比较猫和狗的特点,认为狗 是比猫更好的宠物。结合选项,A.Cats beat dogs猫打败狗;B.Fight like cat and dog像猫和狗一样 打架;C.Be friend w汕cats and dogs和猫狗做朋友;D.Cats versus dogs猫和狗的竞争。分析可知, D项能准确地概括文章的大意。故选D。本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究表明狗是比猫更好的宠物。做阅读时首先要通读全文,理解文章大意,然后带着问题到原文中找信息句,仔细研究问题和跟 问题有关的句子,琢磨其意思,选出正确答案。1215.【答案】D、C、A、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But clearly there was more than a lack of language here.What was also missing was good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously influenced.(但显然, 这里不仅仅 是缺乏语言。同样缺少的是良好的母亲教育,特别是在生命的第一年,生存能力受到严重影响。) 可知,婴儿的死亡不仅仅是因为缺乏语言,还有母亲的教育。故选D。(2)细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句However,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitiv e to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. (然而,有些孩子 在说话方面仍然落后。最常见的原因是母亲对婴儿的信号不敏感,而婴儿的大脑被设计成快速学 习语言。)可知,有些孩子说话落后的原因很可能是他们的母亲对他们尝试说话反应不够,错过 了语言敏感期。故选C。(3)词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句But speech has to and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling (含糊不?青土也说)and smiling, and is sensitive to them.(但是说话是需要诱导的,这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动,母亲能识别 孩子咿呀学语和微笑中的信号,并对它们很敏感。)可知,划线部分be induced意为“诱导"。结 合选项,A.be encouraged 受到鼓舞;B.be forced被强迫;C.be banned被禁止;D.be monitored被监测。A项与划线部分be induced意思最接近。故 选Ao(4)细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.(最近的证据表明婴JL生来 就有说话的能力。)可知I, A.The ability of speech is inborn in man.(说话的能力是人与生俱来的。) 正确;彳艮据第三段第句 Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence。顺序) and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.(专 家认为,人的语言阶段是按固定的顺序和固定的年龄达到的,但也有一些孩子开始说话较晚,但 最终却具有高智商。)可知,B.A child starting to speak later than others may not necessarily be backward .(一个开始说话比别人晚 的孩子不一定是落后的。)正确;根据第二段后两句Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.(最常见的原因 是母亲对婴儿的信号不敏感,而婴儿的大脑被设计成快速学习语言。如果这些敏感时期被忽视, 获得技能的理想时间就过去了,它们可能再也不会这么容易学会了)可知,C.Most children learn their language in definite stages.(大多数孩子在特定的阶段学习语言。)正确; 根据最后一段第二句Insensitivity of the mother to these sials dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and send s out only the obvious signals.(母亲对这些信号的不敏感使互动变得迟钝,因为孩子感到气馁,只 发出明显的信号。)可知,母亲对这些信号的不敏感使互动变得迟钝,而不是孩子们可能会在互 动中使他们的母亲变得迟钝,故D.Children may dull their mother through interaction.(孩子们可能 会在互动中使他们的母亲变得迟钝。)错误。故选D。本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们要提高孩子的语言能力就要抓住语言敏感期,这对于他们语言 的成长和发展至关重要。做阅读时首先要通读全文,理解文章大意,然后带着问题到原文中找信息句,仔细研究问题和跟 问题有关的句子,琢磨其意思,选出正确答案。1620 .【答案】E、C、G、F、B【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据上文It is inevitable that we come across problems in our daily life in school.They may be relationship problems or difficulty with our study.(我们在学校的日常生活中遇到问题是不可避免的。 他们可能是关系问题或我们的学习困难。)和下文As long as you are breathing,the problems can be settled.(只要你还活着,问题就能解决。)可知,我们生活中都会遇到问题, 只要你还活着,都能解决。E选项"Doni worry.别担心。”符合语境。故选E。(2)标题归纳题。根据下文Firstly,it is important to have a good idea of the problem.Knowing the problem means solving half the problem itself.Following questions like why, what, how, when,where and who will help you find the root cause of the problem.(首先,对问题有一个好的认识是很 重要的。知道问题意味着解决问题本身的一半。接下来的问题,比如为什么,什么,怎么,什么 时候,在哪里,谁会帮助你找到问题的根源。)可知,本段主要讲要明确问题的根源,C选项 "Be aware of the problem.注意问题。”符合语境。故选Co(3)推理判断题。根据上文By analyzing the problem,you will be given time to think of a proper solution (通过分析问题,你将有时间考虑一个适当的解决 方案。)和下文 They can be diagrams (饼状图),flowcharts or lists and so on.(他们可以是图表, 流程图或列表等。)可知,用不同的工具研究问题。”G选项"You can use various tools to study the problems.你可以使用各种工具来研究问题。”符合语境。故选 Go(4)推理判断题。根据上文Planning a strategy will help you waste less energy and time in attempting all the solutions.(计戈U个策 略将帮助你在尝试所有的解决方案时浪费更少的精力和时间。)根据下文In this way, you can abandon the strategy that you don*t find worthy to apply.(通过这种方式,你可以放弃那些你 认为不值得采用的策略。)可知,本段讲述计划好一个策略可以不浪费时间和精力尝试所有解决 办法,F 选项“This step includes knowing the weaknesses and strengths of employing a solution.一步包 括了解使用解决方案的优缺点。”符合语境。故选F。(5)细节理解题。根据上文Putting the solution into effect in a connect way to get the result expected is important while solving a pr oblem.You need to be creative while actualizing a solution just in case some other problem arises while applying the solution.(在解决问题时,以连接的方式将解决方案付诸实施以获得预期的结果是非 常重要的。在实现解决方案时,你需要有创造性,以防在应用解决方案时出现其他问题。)可知, 在实施解决方案时要有创造性,以防出现其它问题,B选项"Being ready with alternatives is also important for fear that a solution works only halfway.准备好备选 方案是非常重要的,以防一套方案不能成功解决问题。”符合语境。故选B。这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生活中遇到问题该怎么解决。“七选五”选择题,主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和 掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构,2.在所给的原文中找出关键词 或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项,关键词则能帮助你 确定更多的细节,排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。21 35.【答案】A、D、B、D、B、A、C、A、C、D、D、C、D、B、C【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A .surprised惊讶的;B .thrilled兴奋的;C.embarrassed尴尬 的;D.disappointed 失望的。根据下文 to know that the practice of handwashing was not always around ? 可知,洗手这个习惯并不是很早之前就存在的,这一点会让你奇怪,故答案为A。(2)考查名词及语境理解。A.volunteer志愿者;B.nurse护士; C.sponsor赞助者;D.pioneer开创 者。 根据下句 We can thank a (3) for this important practice: physician Ignaz Semmelweis.可矢口 Semmelweis首先发现了洗手的重要性,所以是开创者,故答案为D。(3)考查连词及语境理解。A.that连词,只有在定语从句中有含义;B.when何时;C.which哪个; D.where哪里。那是1846年,当时没有人知道细菌的存在。when引导定语从句修饰先行词1846。 故答案为B。(4)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.were comprised of包括;B.made up组成;C.consisted of包含; D.composed of由组成。Semmelweis在由两部分组成的维也纳总医院工作。分析句子可知主句中的谓语动词是worked,因此此空应该填非谓语动词。故答案为D。(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.magic魔术;B.concern关心;C.tale故事;D.secret秘密。根据下句 Many of the patients contracted (感染)childbed fever, a (6) disease, after giving birth.可矢H彳艮多 病人在分娩后感染了一种致命的疾病,可以推断人们的心情是担忧的,故答案为B。(6)考查形容词及语境理解。A.deadly致命的;B.dead死了的;C.deathly致死的;D.dying即将 死去的。根据上句Many of the patients contracted (感染)childbed fever可知很多病人在分娩后感 染了一种致命的疾病,故答案为A。(7)考查形容词及语境理解。A.appealing吸引人的;B.practical可行的;Codd奇怪的;D.different 不同的。根据下句 The women in the doctors,ward were more likely to catch the fever than the women (8) by the midwives.可知,医生病房力 度女士比助产士照顾的女士更容易发烧,这是一种奇怪的现象,故答案为C。(8)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.tended to倾向于;B.taken care小心;C.calmed down冷静下来; D.worried about担心。医生病房里的妇女比助产士病房里的妇女更容易发烧。故答案为A。(9)考查介词及语境理解。A.with和;B.at在某个地方;Con在上面;D.in在里面。Semmelweis也知道医生在给妇女做手术前在病房工作。operate on做手术。故答案为C。(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.treated对待;B.harmed伤害;C.affected影响;D.infected感染。根据前文Many of the patients contracted (感染)childbed fever可知很多病人在分娩后感染了一种 致命的疾病,说明医生用死尸的脏颗粒感染了这些女人!故答案为D。(11 )考查动词及语境理解。A.demanded 要求;B.commanded 命令;C.expected 期盼;D.recommended 推荐。为了检验他的理论,他建议医生去病房前用氯洗手。故答案为D。(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.leapt跳跃;B.changed改变;C.declined下降;D.ranged从到变动。根据上句 To test his theory, he (11) doctors to wash their hands with chlorine (氯)before going to the ward可知为了检验他的理论,他建议医生去病房前用氯洗手。说明死亡率下降 了。故答案为C。(13)考查副词及语境理解。A.Otherwise否贝1J; B.Instead取而代之;C.Therefore因此;D.Nevertheless 然而。根据上句The rate of death (12) significantly (死亡率显著下降)和下句the practice of washing hands did not become widespread (洗手的习惯没有变得普遍)可知前后句是 转折关系。故答案为D。(14)考查形容词和动词及语境理解。A.unwi考ng不乐意的;B.refused拒绝;C.ashamed羞愧的; D.pretended 假装。根据上句 Semmelweis' theory couldnot explain why women who gave birth outside of hospitals still contracted childbed fever.可矢口 Semmelweis的理论无法解释为什么在医院外分娩的妇女仍然会感染产床热。说明医生拒绝相信他 们对这种疾病负责。故答案为B。(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.referred提及;B.thought认为;C.identified确认;D.looked看。根 据上句Handwashing was finally officially adopted in the 1980s by the United States Centers for Disease Contro 1 and Prevention.可知洗手最终于20世纪80年代被美国疾病控制和预防中心正式采用。说明他们 认为洗手是防止传染病传播的一个重要因素。故答案为C。本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人们洗手的习惯并不是很早之前就存在,一直到19世纪中期,一名匈 牙利医生才发现洗手可以防止疾病的传播。完形填空题的命题趋势解题步骤:1 .通读全文,理解大意。重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解文章大 意,这是解题的基础。2 .瞻前顾后,避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的 原则,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下 文中就有暗示或者明显的提示,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3 .复读全文,解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格,对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留 的少数疑难问题。4 .再次复读,弥补疏漏,全部做好后,务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文 文意连贯。36.【答案】【小题1】unlikely【小题2】that/which【小题 3 occurred【小题4】into【小题5】industrial【小题6】those【小题7】a【小题8】nineteenth【4、题 9】ultimately【小题 10 existence【解析】(1)考查形容词。句意:1965年回到美国,沃特斯发现,由于美国是一个冷冻食品的 国度,有时她似乎不太可能只得到新鲜的面包和果酱。结合句意可知,此处表示“不太可能”,故 填 unlikelyo(2)考查定语从句。句意:她开始怀念在法国享受美食和咖啡的快乐日子。此处引导定语从句, 先行词为days,在从句中作spent的宾语,故填that/whicho(3)考查动词时态。句意:一天,她突然想到可以开一家小餐馆,于是1971年,Chez Panisse 应运而生。结合句意和could可知,句子用一般过去时,故填occurred。(4)考查固定短语。句意:一天,她突然想到可以开一家小餐馆,于是1971年,Chez Panisse 应运而生。come into being表示"产生",符合句意,故填into。(5)考查形容词。句意:沃特斯能找到的大部分原料都来自工业农场。此处用形容词作定语修饰 名词 farms,故填 industrialo(6)考查代词。句意:所有这些食材的味道都与法国的完全不同,这引发了对种植优质食材的供 应商的搜索。结合句意可知,此处指代ingredients,表示同类不同个,故填those。(7)考查冠词。句意:所