北京市3年(2020-2022)英语高考真题与2022年名校模拟题分项汇编5 说明文含详解.docx

专题05 阅读理解说明文（学生版）Part 1近三年北京高考真题过关Part 1最新名校试题模拟限时练2022年北京卷阅读理解 说明文“What would the world be if there were no hunger?" It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn't part of real life-and learning how to make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinking-is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect （交叉 ）with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system-or any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished （营养不 良 ）pcoplc in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochcmicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel beibre achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress （修正 ）such power imbalance is fbr more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, trying hard to make fill! use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets fbr sustainable products such as palm oil（棕相油）,which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets fbr sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets fbr reducing carbon emissions（排放）and targets fbr saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that arc taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries. 31. The traditional business model is harm fill because of all the following EXCEPT that.A. Il makes the world wamierB. it consumes natural resourcesC. it brings severe damage to forestsD. it makes growth hard to continue 32. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. China lacks wind and solar energyChina is the leader of the low-carbon marketB. High-speed trains arc a low-carbon developmentPalm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests33. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can.A. cut public expensesforbid carbon emissionB. develop public resourcesD encourage energy conscn ation34. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new business modelTo compare two business modelsB. To predict a change of the global marketD. To advocate sustainable development5. （2022-2023北京高考第零次英语模拟试题）Steven Stein likes to follow garbage tnicks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收车艮台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers arc hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad fbr the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better fbr the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags fbr years.27. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue fbr the use of plastic bags.28. What docs the word “headwinds“ in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.29. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.30. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherIndustry, Pollution and EnvironmentB. Recycle or Throw AwayGarbage Collection and Waste Control6.（北京市汇文实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试）You may have seen the term"bullet journal" floating around online, but what exactly is a bullet journal? This article will highlight the uses fbr a bullet journal and why they're great for people who wish to be more organized.What is a bullet journal?A bullet journal is a planner system which allows you to plan for the future, track the past and keep your life organized with lists separated by bullet points. It is a place fbr you to create clear, yet simple to-do lists and a place to keep a note of your life goals and aspirations.What does it help with?A bullet journal is perfect fbr people who like writing lists to keep themselves organized. They're great fbr doing as a hobby and you can get creative with the way you present your lists. They're also perfect fbr people who constantly write down to-do lists or make hand-written notes.Why is it important?A bullet journal is important because we all feel better when our life is organized. Organization can reduce stress and make you happier. Having your life in order, you will know exacdy what you have to do every day so that you can remember all of your life goals.How to create a bullet journal?The instructions will help you embark on your bullet journal.Step 1. Find or buy a blank notebookAny notebook with blank pages will do because if you are someone who is creative and artistic, you candecorate the notebook any way you like.Step 2, Find or buy pensIt's best to start off simple and choose a pen that you find easy to use and that you would feel comfortable writing with every day.Step 3. MonthliesIn this section, you can put a list of important dates fbr that particular month.Step 4. Dailies and WeekliesPut all of your daily or weekly tasks in this section so that you don't forget anything that you have to do during that day or week.Step 5. Life GoalsKeep a life goals section. This can include different collections of goals, such as career, relationships, places you wish to visit and so on.Now start your bullet journal!21. Bullet journals are intended fbr those who hope to.A.keep life in orderB.lead a relaxing lifeC.highlight their progressD.reduce their workload22. Keeping bullet journals helps people.A.develop artistic tasteB.get rid of stressC.build a better moodD.give up a hobby23. Which of the following is most likely to be included in a bullet journal?A. Weekly expenses.B. Appointments with a dentist.C. Weather forecasts.D. Passwords to your computer.7.（北京市汇文实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试）Creativity Improves Your HealthCreativity helps us create works of beauty, solve problems, and refresh our bodies and our minds. It's fiin. When you arc having fiin, you arc positively impacting your health. Studies show that engaging in creative behaviors improves brain function, mental health and physical health.You've probably heard of flow it's the state you get in when you're completely absorbed in something.Have you ever been working on a project and completely lost all sense of self and time? That's flow. It reduces anxiety, boosts your mood, and even slows your heart rate.It's not just being in flow that makes you happy. Repetitive creative motions like knitting, drawing, or writing help activate flow, and are all tasks that create a result. When you succeed in creating a result, your brain is flooded with dopamine, a natural anti-depressant that actually helps motivate you, whether or not you're aware of your increased happiness.Creativity is also an effective treatment fbr patients with dementia a serious illness of the mind. Studies show that creative engagement not only reduces depression and isolation, but can also help people with dementia by sharpening their senses.The average person has about 60,000 thoughts in a day. A creative act such as crafting can help fbcus the mind, and has even been compared to meditation due to its calming effects on the brain and body. Even just gardening or sewing releases dopamine.Creativity reduces anxiety, depression and stress. Studies have found that writing helps people manage their negative emotions in a productive way, and painting or drawing helps people express their mental injury or hurtful experiences that they find too difficult to put into words.Studies show people who write about their experiences daily actually have stronger immune system function. Writing, a creative work, increases your CD4+ lymphocyte count, the key to your immune system.Playing music can also fimetion well in your immune system. Studies show that our left brain is responsible fbr the motor functions, while our right brain focuses on melody. When the two parts work together, our cognitive fimetion improves.It's pretty amazing that doing the activities is good fbr us. Get a pen and start writing or coloring. Get your hands dirty with pottery or gardening or pick up an instrument. Whatever you decide to do, ifs time to start getting creative!28. Which situation shows that you are in flow?A. You are working with a difficult task. B. You are having a boring repetitive action.C. You get lost and don't know where to go. D. You are absorbed in a work that interests you.29. The underlined word “dopamine“ in Paragraph 3 is probably.A. an awareness of how to be succcssfiila thought having calming effects on the brainB. an activity to fight against your negative emotionsa material for the Rinctioning of the ncn ous system30. What can we learn from the passage?A. Repetitive actions can cure patients with mental diseases.B. Creative activities help you build a stronger immune system.C. Meditation makes your anxiety, depression and stress disappear.D. Telling others your hurtful experiences helps improve your health.专题05 阅读理解说明文（解析版）Part 1近三年北京高考真题过关Part 1最新名校试题模拟限时练艇2022年北京卷阅读理解说明文“Whal would ihe world be if【here were no hunger?" It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn't part of real life -and learning how to make it real-is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect （交叉 ）with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished （营养不 良 ）pcoplc in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochcmicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress （修正 ）such power imbalance is fbr more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.More researche