北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（含答案）.docx

北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（考试时间100分钟满分100分）第一部分知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Steph Clemence had good grades and always intended to go to college. But her poor family couldn't 1 it. Steph had to find a job and tried to figure out what to do with a life that was greatly different from her plan.The answer came one afternoon when she was cleaning her bookshelf. Inside a box she 2 two pages titled “Mrs, Clark's Book List“ from the English teacher in her high school, Dorothy Clark. "She'd spent months creating a list of 153 books J says Steph. “She knew most of us would not go to college, but we could continue to learn. She was 3 about that.”Steph was 4 and determined to improve herself. So it began in 1970. Starting at the top, she read every book in the order they appeared. People around her didn't find much 5 in her journey, as some of the books were hard going. But she felt 6, Each of those books inspired her to learn more about the world.Now Steph is 70 and she never did get to college. But she has only four books left to read from the list. She expects to 7 them sometime in 2023. "I don't race through a book, as I want to fully 8 it Each of the books has added something to who I am and how I see the world J she says. 'Tm no expert, but I am working for my own 9. I now have the background to see how the world works.In Steph's eye, Mrs. Clark felt it was her particular 10 to offer young students a road map in achanging world. Thanks to a book list, at least one young woman who couldn't pay fbr college was the better fbr it.1. A. avoidB. affordC.changeD. refuse2. A. collectedB. packedC. selectedD. noticed3. A. wrongB. upsetC. rightD. angry4. A. surprisedB. hopefulC. calmD. nervous5. A. valueB. timeC. supportD. trouble6. A. exactlyB. badlyC. differentlyD. similarly7. A. copyB. forgetC. checkD. finish8. A. describeB. enjoyC. shareD. protect9. A. safetyB. convenienceC. protectionD. improvement10. A. dutyB. pressureC. situationD. requirement第二节选词填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并使用其正确形式填空。calm down tend to apply fbr be fed up with put upcheck 检查；D. finish 完成。根据上文 uBut she has only four books left to read from the list.?可知,斯蒂芬预 计在2023年的某个时候完成全部的读书任务。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会匆匆读完一本书，因为我想充分享受它。A. describe描绘；B. enjoy享 受；C. share分享；D. protect保护。根据上文“I don* race through a book,”可知，斯蒂芬想充分享受每一 本书。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不是专家，但我正在努力提高自己。A. safety安全；B. convenience方便；C. protection 保护； D. improvement 改善。 根据上文 “Steph was 4 and determined to improve herself.” 可知，斯蒂芬在努力提高自己。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在斯蒂芬看来，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生在这个变化的世界中提 供一份路线图。A. duty责任；B. pressure压力；C.situation状况；D. requirement要求。根据空后“offer young students a road map in a changing world. ”可知，克拉克夫人觉得自己有责任为年轻学生提供一份路线 图。故选A。第二节 选词填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）【答案】11. on the basis of. am fed up with12 . are putting up. will tend to13 . keep up with. applied for14 . calm down. let off15 . suffers from. in person【解析】【11题详解】考查短语。句意：在一个团队中，很多事情都需要建立在信任 基础上。短语。n the basis of为“在的 基础上”之意。结合句意，故填on the basis of。【12题详解】考查时态和短语。句意：我受够了她把垃圾扔在地上的样子！短语be fed up w汕为“感到厌烦”之意。根 据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。结合句意，故填am fed up with。【13题详解】考查短语和时态。句意：看！学生们正在布告栏上贴海报。短语putup为“张贴”之意。根据句意，用现 在进行时，主语是复数，故填are putting up。【14题详解】考查短语。句意：当一种产品的价格下降时，人们会倾向于购买更多的产品。短语tend to为“倾向于”之 意。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。结合句意，故填will tend to。【15题详解】考查短语。句意：一个成功的公司必须跟上技术的发展。短语keep up with为“跟上”之意。情态动词 must后接动词原形。结合句意，故填keep up with。【16题详解】考查短语。句意：去年7月毕业后，她申请了一份当地报纸的工作。短语apply for为“申请”之意。根据 时间状语last July可知,用一般过去时。结合句意，故填applied for。【17题详解】考查短语。句意:演讲前他感到紧张，但后来他设法平静了下来。短语calm down为“平静”之意。 manage to do sth.设法做某事。结合句意，故填calm down。【18题详解】考查短语。句意：在我们城市，春节期间是不允许放烟花的。短语let off为“使爆炸，点燃”之意。be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事。结合句意，故填let off。【19题详解】考查短语。句意：压力是一种正常的人类反应，几乎每个人都会有压力的时候。短语sufferfrom为“遭 受”之意。根据sometimes可知，用一般现在时。主语是everyone,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合 句意，故填suffers from o【20题详解】考查短语。句意：如果你想要更多关于英语的建议，你最好亲自去找文森特先生。短语in person为“亲 自”之意。结合句意，故填in persono第三节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提 示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。16 .【答案】were visiting#would visit【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们说他们第二天要去参观长城。根据时间状语the next day可知，用将来 时态或用进行时态表示将要发生的事情。由said可知，句子应使用过去将来时。故填were visiting或 would visito.【答案】were planted【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这里的许多树是毕业生去年种的。根据时间状语last year可知，用一般 过去时。主语Many trees与plant之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是复数。根据句意，故填were planted o.【答案】which#that【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：足球是一项深受年轻人喜爱的运动。空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行 词为game,且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。17 .【答案】tog。【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆的目标是将来上清华大学。此处表示目的，用不定式作表语。根据 句意,故填to go。18 .【答案】is being repaired【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意： 嗨，史蒂夫，今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？ 对不起，现在 正在修理它。根据时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。主语it与repair之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行 时的被动语态，主语是it, be动词用iso故填is being repairedo.【答案】to land【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你知道谁是第一个登陆月球的人吗？分析句意可知，此处动词land “着 陆”需要改为不定式形式充当the first person的定语，因为被序数词修饰的名词后面往往接动词不定式作 定语。故填to land。19 .【答案】to continue【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰伊决定去英国继续深造。句中用不定式作目的状语。根据句意，故填 to continue o.【答案】who#whom#that【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我们在法国遇到的那对老夫妇给我们寄了一张卡片。句中先行词为 The old couple,指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词who、whom或that引导。故填 who/whom/thato.【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天读到他的故事的那个志愿者老师因他的工作而获奖。此处是限定性 定语从句，先行词为The volunteer teacher,指人，关系词在从句中作名词story的定语，应用关系代词 whose引导。故填 whoseo.【答案】are attracted【解析】【详解】考查动词语态。句意：每年节日期间，许多游客被吸引欣赏灯展。分析句意可知，此处动词attract “吸引”和主语复数名词visitors “游客”构成被动关系，且时间状语every year表明本句谓语动词使 用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）【答案】31.A32. D 33. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一款宠物主人在离开家期间可用来照顾宠物和宠物互动的设备。【31题详解】细节理解题 o 根据第段二三句 " Wouldn't it be great to have something that could take care of your pet and allow you to interact （互动）with it while you're out? Petcube Bites is a good choice.（如果有一些东西可以照顾你的宠 物，让你在外出时与它互动，这不是很好吗？ Petcube Bites是一个不错的选择。）”可知，Petcube Bites可以 在主人外出的时候用于照顾家里的宠物。故选A项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Besides being a home video camera that shows live HD （高清）views of the house, it supports two-way voice delivery, meaning that you can hear your pet moving around the house, call to your pet from your phone and have a “heart-to-heart“ talk with it from anywhere in the world.（除了 作为个家庭 摄像机，它可以显示房屋的实时高清视图外，它还支持双向语音传输，这意味着你可以听到宠物在房子里 走动，用手机给宠物打电话，并从世界任何地方与宠物进行“心对心”的交谈。）”可知，通过Petcube Bites主人和宠物可以通过声音交流，即这个设备能够记录双方的声音信息。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一句"Find more information at: （请在网站上搜寻更多信息）”可推测,这个网址和生活方式相关，因为网址 中包含lifewire这一个由life “生活”和wire “电线”组成的合成词，故可推测这篇文章出自于生活方式相 关的杂志。故选D项。【答案】34 B 35. D 36. C 37. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述运动员丽莎的故事，作者表达了自己对丽莎的尊重和崇拜。 【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “If anyone had a right to be cocky （自大的）or proud of herself, it was Lisa. Besides being one of the best volleyball players in the USA, she became a track legend （传奇人物）.She went sixty-fbur national games without losing any event.（如果说有人有权利骄傲自大，那就是丽莎。除了是美国最好的排球运 动员之一之外，她还成为了田径界的传奇人物。她参加了 64届全国运动会，没有输掉任何一场比赛。）”可 知，之所以要提及丽莎的成就，是为了证明她的运动才能足以让她有权感到自豪。故选B项。35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “ However, she felt uncomfortable talking about her achievements and would usually change the conversation to others9 performances.（然而，她对谈论自己的成就感到不舒服，通常会把话题转到 别人的表演上。）"可知，丽莎并不看重自己所取得的成就。故选D项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having "lost" for the first time ever.（丽莎矢口道， 简 需要赢 得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志微章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一 切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。）”可推测，丽莎输了比赛却还能开心地 微笑是因为她想让简获得荣誉故意输了比赛，这是她的秘密计划。故选c项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Lisa knew that Jane needed to finish first to earn a letter for the first time. Without Lisa, Jane would make it. Lisa remembered all this as she lined up for the start of that race. It suddenly struck me why she wore a slight smile on her face after having "lost" fbr the first time ever.（丽莎知道， 简需要赢 得比赛，才能第一次收到校队标志微章。没有丽莎，简会成功的。丽莎在比赛开始前排队时就记得这一 切。我突然想到，为什么她第一次“输了”后脸上带着一丝微笑。）”可知，丽莎为了队友的利益故意输掉 比赛，无疑她是一个很无私的人。故选A项。【答案】38.C39. D 40. B 4LD【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一支科研团队研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接 画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业传感器和电路来实现监测。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段 u A team led by biomedical engineer Faheem Ershad of the University of Houston first developed a conductive ink that is safe to use on human skin. The researchers loaded the ink into ballpoint pens, then placed a stencil made of tape and film on a volunteer and followed within it to draw the simple circuit （电路） diagram. Within five minutes the ink dried to create a working sensor. The researchers then taped on a standard electrical line to provide power and send data to a computer.（由休斯顿大学生物医学工程师 Faheem Erhad 领导 的团队首次开发出一种可安全地用于人体皮肤的导电墨水。研究人员将墨水装入圆珠笔中，然后将一个由 胶带和胶片制成的模板放在志愿者身上，然后在上面画出简单的电路图。五分钟内，墨水就干了，就能制 造出一个可工作的传感器。然后，研究人员将一根标准电线绑在一起，以提供电力并将数据发送到计算 机。）”可知，本段主要介绍皮肤绘制系统的原理。故选C。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句uBecause the sensor stuck perfectly to the skin,（由于传感器完美地附着在皮 肤上，）”可知，由于传感器完美地附着在皮肤上，佩戴者可以在走动时不碰撞到它。所以jarring为“碰 撞；震动”之意，与动词shake意思相近。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers plan to eventually make their sensors truly wireless by combining more advanced ink-based circuits.（研究人员计划通过结合更先进的墨水电路，最终使他们的传感器成为真正 的无线。）”可推断，研究人员的目标是制造先进的无线墨水传感器。故选B。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “ A handftil of stencils （模板）and three pens sound like materials for a child's art project. But researchers have now used these tools to draw functional health monitors directly on human skin.（少量 模板绘制图案和三只笔，这些听起来像是儿童美工的材料。但是研究人员现已利用这些工具直接在人类皮 肤上绘制功能性健康监测器。）”和最后一段 u After that achievement, they say, people could use affordable sets of stencils and pens to carefully watch their own health at home.（他们说，在取得这一成就之后，人们可以 使用负担得起的模板和笔在家里仔细观察自己的健康状况。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一支科研团队 研发出了一种新型的“电子穿戴设备”，它是直接画在皮肤上的，主要是用电子墨水笔在皮肤上画出专业 传感器和电路来实现监测。所以 u A pen-and-ink method could produce che叩 wearable health equipment.（一种 笔墨法可以生产出廉价的可穿戴健康设备。）概括文章大意最为合适。故选D。【答案】42. C 43. B 44. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章提出观点称许多人认为借助一些游戏程序能够提高智力，但作者不这样认 为，他通过呈现一些研究结果等信息佐证他的观点。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 "Even if there were agreement around what makes general intelligence, the idea that increasing it would be as simple as practising a few mini-games every day goes against our current discovery about thinking and learning.（即使人们对一般智力的形成达成了一致，但增加一般智力只需每天练 习几个小游戏就可以了，这一想法与我们目前关于思考和学习的发现背道而驰。Y可知，作者认为称每天 练习小游戏能够提升智力是不准确的，即可推测，作者不赞同通过游戏化能够增加智力这一说法。故选c 项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 u Yet, despite the fact that they hardly work, brain training apps play a leading role, partly because they are regarded to be scientific and partly because users think they are fun.（然而， 尽管大脑训练应用程序几乎不起作用，但它们发挥着主导作用，部分原因是因为它们被认为是科学的，部 分原因在于用户认为它们很有趣。）”可知，这些程序流行的原因是用户认为它们有趣且科学。故选B 项。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段二三句 "We've been longing for quick fixes that could increase our intelligence （智 力）. Today, people's hopes lie in brain training apps as a speedy "digital pill”.（我们一直渴望快速解决问题,以 提高我们的智力。今天，人们的希望寄托于作为一种快速的“数字药丸”的大脑训练应用程序们上。）”可 推测，本文探讨的核心在于这些“数字药丸”；根据用于引出下文的第一段最后一句"But is this digital. shortcut all that it seems to be?（但是，这条数字捷径看起来就是这样吗？）”可知，作者对这些“数字药丸”有没有效果表示存疑； 而最后一段一二句 “If you aren't into games, simply go fbr a walk or learn how to dance. They are likely to be more effective than a brain training app in sharpening your mind.（如果你不喜欢游 戏，那就去散步或学习跳舞。它们可能能比大脑训练应用程序更有效地磨砺你的头脑。）”指出作者最终得 出结论，没有app类的“数字药丸”对提升智力有效，这是本文的标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）【答案】45. F 46. B 47. E 48. D 49. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么 才能做一个负责的人。45题详解】上文 “It can be easy to blame （责怪）others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do.（责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易的，但承担责任意味着承 认自己对自己的言行负责。）”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下 文 “You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time.（你可以说公共汽车晚点了,但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到 达是你的责任。）”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项 F u Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.（想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。）” 也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。【46题详解】下文 "According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the futur已（根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充 满希望。）” 以及 “ Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.（负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自 己。）”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更 加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B “How is being accountable good for you?（做一个负责的人对 你有什么好处？ ”'提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。【47题详解】下文 “But after I told her the truth, I wasn't in as much trouble as I thought.（但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像 我想象的那样陷入麻烦。”'举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者 的好处。选项E uTaking responsibility can also make others trust you more.（承担责任也能让别人更加信任 你。）指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。【48题详解】上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?（如何成为负责的人？）”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建 议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文 “One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.（方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。）”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D “ Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.（首先要了解什么是你所能控制的,什么是你无 法控制的。）”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介 绍，引出了下文。故选D项。【49题详解】上文“We can'always control what happens to us.（我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上的事情。）”指出有一 些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude.（我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。）”选项 C “But we do have a say in how we respond to it.（但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。）”则通过but “但 是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节供4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）答案50. A pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.51. Because it can fill his son's belly and has a long shelflife.52. When my father kept asking about the delayed fruitcake, told hhn that the fruitcake had finally aMved and was delicious. According to the passage, 'Though my father kept asking about it, I never once considered lying and telling him the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious/, which suggests the author never lied to his father that the fruitcake had finally arrived and was delicious.53. The novel Journey to the West is the most memorable gift fbr me, which was sent by my aunt for my 10lh birthday. Because it is the first novel I have received and I am a big fan of Sun Wukong at that time.【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。记录了作者的父亲因为自身经历喜欢给儿子送一种水果蛋糕做圣诞礼物的故事， 但有一次父亲给作者寄的蛋糕一直未到，直到父亲去世一年之后，才收到一个蛋糕包裹。【50题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句 "On most Christmases, he received two gifts from granny: a pair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges.（在大多数圣诞节，他都会收到奶奶的两份礼物：一双自制袜子 和一小包橙子。）”可知，作者的父亲在多数圣诞节都会收到一双自制袜子和一小包橙子。故答案为Apair of homemade socks and a small bag of oranges【51题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句 "A fruitcake, in his mind, was a perfect Christmas gift: the fruitcake can fill my belly （肚子）and has a long shelf life.（在他看来，水果蛋糕是一份完美的圣诞礼物：水果蛋糕可以填 饱我的肚子，保质期很长。）”可知，作者的父亲认为水果蛋糕能填饱肚子，能存放很久，是一份完美的圣 诞礼物。故答案为 Because it can fill his son's belly and has a long shelf life o【52题详解】考查推理判断。根据第六段第一句 "Though