2023北京通州高二（上）期末英语（教师版）.docx

2023北京通州高二（上）期末本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，28分）第一节（共9小题;每小题2分，共18分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。AApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential （住宿的）rooms: hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination （组合密码）for （heir room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time al （he expense of the resident if it is found（ha（ the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $ 25 to change a room combination.Cooking RulesStudents living in buildings that have kitchens arc only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a microwave oven （微波炉）to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of （he University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11: 00 pm to 8: 00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1: 00 am to 8: 00 am. Students who go against quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25. 1. Which of the following items arc allowed in student rooms?A. Candles and radios.C. TVs and Hair dryers.2. What do we know about the cooking rules?A. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.C. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.3. When can students enjoy a party in residences?A. 00: 30 am, Saturday.B. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.D. Personal computers and sun lamps.B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.D. A microwave oven can be used.B. 11: 30 pm, Monday.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。【10题详解】根据下文 “Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. "（没有动机，你就既不能设定目标， 也无法实现它。）所以空处应该讲述动机和目标的关系。D项“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面。” 提到了动机和目标是互补的，切题，故选D。【11题详解】上文“So how should you motivate yourself?（那你该怎么激励自己呢？）以问题形式提出你应该如何激励 自己，后文 uFirst, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. v （首先，你需要评估你自己，你的价值观，你的长处，你的弱点，你的成 就，你的欲望，等等。）提出了激励自己的方式，因而空处应承接上文，继续以问题的形式提出如何保持 动机来实现目标，F项“更重要的是，你应该如何保持动机去实现目标？ ”，切题，故选F。【12题详解】上文“There arc times when your heart is not in your work. " （有时候你的心不在工作上。）,提到对待工作你 有心不在焉的时刻。卜文说"So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.M （所以,减 慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么。），所以设空处应承上启下，讲述你的心不在焉会影响工作，引 出下文相应的应对策略。C选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选C。【13题详解】上文“Remember that goals are flexible."（记得，目标是灵活的。）可知，目标是灵活的。因而空处应该承 接上文，讲述目标灵活的表现是如何的。A选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变。”切题，故选A。【14题详解】上文 “For example, you may want to be a pilot but caift become one because your eyesight is not good enough." （你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。）说明了阻碍你实现梦想的原因是因为自己的视力,即你的身体的缺陷。下文"You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal."（你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标。），讲述了我们要实时得做出改变， 设定自己的新的目标。因而该空承上启下，讲述对于自己的缺陷不要气馁。G选项“然而，这不应该使你 气馁。”切题，故选G。第二部分：知识运用（共三节，40分）第一节（共10小题海小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】15. C16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Dale Carnegie （戴尔卡耐基）从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉 成功故事.他年轻时因为家里穷不得不每天往返12英里求学.后来他听从母亲的建议，学习演讲，从而 获得自信，最终成为成功的演说家.文章旨在告诉我们自信心的重要性，有了自信，我们就可以做到我们 想做的任何事情.【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了接受教育，他与许多困难作斗争。A. shortcomings缺陷；B. thoughts想 法；C. difficulties 困难的事情；D. enemies 敌人。结合下文 “His family was poor."及“Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. He withdrew （退出）from many school activities M 可知，他的家庭是贫穷 的。因此他上学接受教育要克服很多的困难。故选C。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲负担不起大学的伙食费，所以戴尔不得不骑马12英里去上课。A. afford 支付得起；B. choose 选择：C. occupy 占据：D. change 改变。结合上文“His family was poor. " 可 知，家里穷，所以付不起大学里的伙食费。故选A。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他退出了许多学校活动，因为他既没有时间也没有衣服。A. talents天赋；B. cloihes 衣服;C. permits 许可；D. hobbies 爱好。结合卜,文“He had only one good suit.” 可知,他没有好的 衣服。故选B。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想加入足球队，但教练因为他太轻而拒绝了他。A. outgoing外向的；B. flexible灵活的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. light轻的。结合上文“His family was poor. ”可知，他因为贫 穷，生活艰苦，长得比较瘦弱.故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，戴尔逐渐形成了一种自卑情结，他的母亲知道这种情结会阻碍他发 挥自己的真正潜能。A. protect保护；B. prevent阻止；预防；C. save节省；解救；D. free糅放。根据上文“Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex （自卑感）”可知,他的妈妈知道，这种自卑感将阻止他发 挥他真正的潜能。prevenisbfromdoingsih为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议戴尔加入辩论队，因为她相信练习说话可以给他所需要的信心和认可。A. insisted坚持;B. demanded要求;C. suggested建议;D. required要求。根据第三段中的第一句中“Dale took his mother's advice”可知，他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，suggest表示“建议”时后接从句，从句为虚 拟语气，用“should+动词原形”，故选C。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. progress进步;B. experience经历；C. praise赞扬;D. confidence信 心。根据希下文4and the recognition that he neededM可知，此处指妈妈相信练习说话可以给他所需要的信 心和认可。故选D。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔接受了母亲的建议，努力尝试，经过几次尝试后终于成功了。A. finally终 于；B. certainly无疑地;确定地;C. hopefully怀有希望地；如果顺利的话：D. naturally自然地。根据上文“ Dale took his mother's advice, tried hard and after several attempts ” 可知,不断地尝试，终于他成功了。故 选Ao【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被证明是他人生的转折点。A. breaking破裂的；B. turning转折的；C.ending结束的；D. linking连接的。根据第二段的内容Dale形成自卑以及第三段中made it “他成功了 ”可 知，这是他人生的“转折点”，aiming point “转折点”，符合语境.故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到戴尔大四的时候，他己经在演讲中赢得了所有的最高荣誉。A. had touched触 摸；B. had noticed 注意到；C. had won 赢得；D. had picked 挑选。结合下文 “every lop honor in speech” 可 知，此处指他赢得了所有的最高荣誉。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题L 5分，共15分）【答案】25. what26. scientistswhom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章叙述了袁隆平为什么选择农业研究以及他的成就和影响。【25题详解】考查主语从句。句意：然而，最令他担忧的是，农民经常收成不佳，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子结 构，此句为主语从句，从句concerned him most缺主语，用连接代词what引导。故填what。【26题详解】考查名词复数。句意：袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。根据句子结构，one of后面名词用更数形式，名词亚数形式作介词of的宾语。故填scientists。【27题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他纤瘦但强壮的身体就像数百万中国农民一样，他为他们奉献了一生。分 析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为millions of Chinese farmers,在从句作介词to的宾语， 用关系代词whom。故填whom。【答案】28. had been recommended29. Tired 30. entirely31. more important【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家在北京吃饭的一次经历。【28题详解】考查时态。句意：一个朋友给我们推荐了一家四川菜馆，最后我们找到了。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中 found可知，动作表示过去之过去，restaurant与动词recommend为动宾关系，所以此处用过去完成时的被 动语态。故填 had been recommendedo【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们又累又饿，又不会说一句中文，根本不知道怎么点菜，于是大厨就开始给我们的 餐桌上摆满了我们吃过的最好吃的食物。分析可知，此处为形容词作状语，主语为we,所以此处用-ed的 形容词，tired “感到累的”，因处于句首，首字母应大写。故填Tired。【30题详解】考查副词。句意：有了这个，我们有幸体验了一种全新的味道：四川花椒。副词修饰形容词，此处用副词 entirely修饰形容词new,故填entirely0【31题详解】考查比较级。句意：食物很美味，与众不同，但更重要的是给予我们的友谊。根据空前even以及句意可 知，此处用比较级。important ”重要的"为多音节词,其比较级为more important故填more importani。【答案】32. that33. to 34. Bathed【解析】导读】本文是一片游记。文章讲述了作者乘坐威尼斯运河上行驶的贡多拉小船游览沿途风光以及简要介绍 这种小船的特点。【32题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这次旅行最有趣的事情是我们乘坐贡多拉游览，这是一种窄窄的小船。根据句子结 构可知，主语部分是“The most interesting thing about the trip（这次旅行最有趣的事情是）"，“is”是谓语 动词，空格后面是个完整句子"we look a tour by gondola, a small narrow boal.（我们乘贡多拉游览了 番，这是一种小船）”其中“a small narrow boal”是“gondola”的同位语。系动词后面接的的表语从句， 而且不缺成分句意完整，只是起连接作用所以用连接词that。故填that。【33题详解】考查介词。句意：它类似于我们的龙舟。根据句意和句子结构可知，本句中包含固定短语“besimilar。" 意思是“与相似”，填空处缺少介词。故填to。【34题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在阳光下，看着水温柔地亲吻着建筑物的石头，我感到和谐和满足。根据句 意和句子结构可知，主句部分“I felt harmony and satisfaction.（我感到和谐和满足）”主谓结构完整。说明 “bath”作为动词表示“沐浴”的意思，在本句是非谓语动词的用法，作状语成分，而且短语“be bathedin”表示“沐浴于、被笼罩”的意思，句首单词首字母大写。故填Bathed。第三节选词填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）答案35. suspected36. overcamewidespread37. involveddecrease38. ideal41. ambitioncooperate42. cafeteriaproof【解析】【35题详解】考查动词。句意：约翰斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。根据句意此处应填动词的过去时态且是主动语态，后 面加that引导的宾语从句，此处表示约翰斯诺对于水泵的态度。suspect “怀疑”为动词，此处应使用其 过去时态。故填suspected。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：这个年轻人克服了巨大的困难，在去年赢得了奥运会金牌。根据后文的enormous difficulties 此处应填克服，克服巨大的困难 overcome enormous difficulties, overcome “克服”为动 词，在这里应使用overcome的过去时态和won并列。故填overcame。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中广泛使用。根据句意，此处应表 示广泛的使用。该空应用形容词形式修饰use。widespread ”广泛的，普遍的”为形容词，符合句意。故填 widespread o【38题详解】考查动词。句意：除了努力学习，我还积极参加社会活动。结合句意此处应表示参加社会活动。involve "涉及，卷入”为动词,此处使用了现在完成时态的被动,have been involved in已被卷入，弓|申为 参加。故填involved。【39题详解】考查动词。句意:人们应该减少自己摄入的脂肪量。结合下文the amount可知表示量的多少。结合句意， 人们应减少摄入的脂肪量。另外，该空位于情态动词后，应使用动词原形。decrease “减少”为动词，符 合句意。故填decrease。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种食物都不能过多或过少。根据句意表达理想的饮食是 均衡的，此处位于diel之前，应用形容词作定语修饰diel。ideal "理想的，完美的”为形容词，符合句 意。故填ideal。41题详解】考杳名词。句意：我年轻时的志向是成为一名发明家。根据句意成为发明家应该是作者年轻时的志向。ambition “志向”为名词，符合句意且在句中作主语。ambition表具体的理想时为可数名词，此处表示我年 轻时的一个志向。故填ambitiono【42题详解】考查动词。句意：我们应该学会相互合作，共同进步。根据句意，我们应该互相学习什么才可以共同进 步，cooperate "合作”为动词,leam to do sth学习做某事，动词应使用其原形。故填cooperate。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：自助餐厅提供冷热食物。根据句意，此处应填一个表示地点的词汇。cafeteria "自助餐 厅”为名词,符合句意。故填cafeteria。【44题详解】考杳名词。句意：这些成绩进一步证明了他卓越的能力。根据空格处前的further可知空格处应填名词。结 合句意，此处应填proof。proof ”证明”为名词，根据a further可知，此处应使用名词的单数。故填 proofo第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题;第45、46小题各2分，第47小题3分，第48小题5分，共12分）答案】45. Several safari camps.46. He/ She may feel excited, nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated.47. The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following space order. According to the passage, the passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces it mainly by following time order.48. I had an exciting trip to Disneyland with my friends, which is one of the most famous theme parks in the world. In the park, we did some meaningful and venturesome activities there, such as Roller Coaster and Adventure Island, which are thrilling and unforgettable.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了非洲观赏野生动物的野营的项目。【45题详解】考查词义猜测。根据第二段 “Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers.（几个狩猎营地作为这次冒险的基地，每天提供两次独特的游乐设施，深入三角洲进行探索。营地 有优秀的马匹，专业的导游和许多辅助人员。）”由此可猜测出they指代上文提到的几个狩猎营地，故答案 为 Several safari camps.【46题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 “On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer I。them.（骑在马背上，人们有可能非常接近大象、长颈鹿和许多其他动物。然而，当你靠近它们时，兴奋感 和紧张程度会突然上升，你的心率也会上升。）”可知，当一个游客骑在马背上接近野生动物时，他/她会兴 奋，紧张和心率加快。故答案为 He/ She may feel excited, nervous and his/her heart rate may be accelerated.【47题详解】考查推理判断。根据第一段 “There are many places to go on safari （观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.（非洲有很多地方可以去狩猎旅行，但在博茨瓦纳的Okavango Delta的洪水中骑马一定是世界上最 令人兴奋的野生动物之旅之一。）”可知前半句是正确的；再根据作者在第三段中先说了早上的旅程，第四 段涉及晚上的旅程，尾段谈到回到营地，由此可知作者是按时间顺序写的，所以后半句是错误的，故答案为 The passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okcivano Delta and the author inHoduces ii mainly by 力?r space order: According to the passage, the passage tells us about the riding experience in the Okavango Delta and the author introduces i（ mainly by following time order.【48题详解】主观题，答案仅供参考。I had an exciting trip to Disneyland with my friends, which is one of the most famous （heme parks in the world. In the park, we did some meaningful and venturesome aclivities （here, such as Roller Coaster and Adventure Island, which arc thrilling and unforgettable.第二节（20分）【答案】Dear Jim,I'm more than delighted to know you arc curious about the club activities of our school and want to know something about them. Here I'd like to share some details with you.There arc altogether 20 or so clubs in our school, to name a few, Peking opera club. Swimming club. Calligraphy club, and Painting club. They all have a fixed time to arrange varied activities. As fbr me, I'd like to join Peking opera club. First, Peking opera is like a pearl in Chinese traditional art. Joining this club can give me a taste of Chinese traditional art forms and even have a hands-on experience. Besides, the club will regularly organize various activities, such as inviting famous actors to perform, and drawing Peking opera make-ups. 1 believe getting close to Peking opera will be a good way of learning more about it.HopcfiiHy my opinion can be of help. If you want to learn anything more, don't hesitate to contact me. Yours, Li Hua【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封邮件，向他介绍你们学校的学生社团活动以及 你喜欢参加的社团及原因。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：delighted > glad安排，举办：arrange organise 各种各样的：varied > various 方法： way > method2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：They all have a fixed time to arrange varied activities.拓展句：They all have a fixed time, when they arrange varied activities.【点睛【高分句型 1 Joining （his club can give me a taste of Chinese traditional art forms and even have a hands-on experience.（运用了动名词作主语）【荀分句型 2 I believe getting close to Peking opera will be a good way of learning more about it.（运用（省略 that的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语）C. 7: 00 am, Sunday.D. 7: 30 am, Thursday.Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents （洋流）.Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer docs it in a special way -studying movements of random floating garbage （土立圾）.A scientist with many years* experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of （he northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoesabout 60, 000 in total-fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could leam a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas fbr beachcombing （海滩搜寻）because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in （he area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked fbr their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to lest and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As （he result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.4. Ebbesmeyer phoned （he shoe company to find out.A. how much they lost in the shipping accidentC. when and where the shoes went missing5. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By searching the web fbr ocea