初中英语代词复习课件课件.ppt

代代 词词 滨海三中 代代词词的分的分类类 人称代人称代词词 物主代物主代词词 反身代反身代词词 不定代不定代词词 指示代指示代词词 疑疑问问代代词词人称代词1人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：人称格数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I(我)me(我)we(我们)us(我们)第二人称you(你)you(你)you(你们)you(你们)第三人称he(他)him(他)she(她)her(她)it(它)it(它)they(他/她/它们)them(他/她/它们)1.1.人称代人称代人称代人称代词词词词作主作主作主作主语时语时语时语时用主格，作用主格，作用主格，作用主格，作宾语时宾语时宾语时宾语时用用用用宾宾宾宾格格格格 *TheyThey all like all like himhim very much.very much.他他他他们们们们都很喜都很喜都很喜都很喜欢欢欢欢他。他。他。他。*SheShe gave the books to gave the books to youyou and and meme.这这这这些些些些书书书书是她送是她送是她送是她送给给给给你和我的你和我的你和我的你和我的。1.1.人称代人称代人称代人称代词词词词作主作主作主作主语时语时语时语时用主格，作用主格，作用主格，作用主格，作宾语时宾语时宾语时宾语时用用用用宾宾宾宾格格格格 *TheyThey all like all like himhim very much.very much.他他他他们们们们都很喜都很喜都很喜都很喜欢欢欢欢他。他。他。他。*SheShe gave the books to gave the books to youyou and and meme.这这这这些些些些书书书书是她送是她送是她送是她送给给给给你和我的你和我的你和我的你和我的。一：人称代一：人称代词词2.it2.it可作可作可作可作为为为为形式主形式主形式主形式主语语语语、将不定式、将不定式、将不定式、将不定式、动动动动名名名名词词词词等构成的等构成的等构成的等构成的主主主主语语语语后移，使句子后移，使句子后移，使句子后移，使句子显显显显得平得平得平得平稳稳稳稳 *Its hard to reach the apples.*Its hard to reach the apples.很很很很难够难够难够难够到苹果。到苹果。到苹果。到苹果。*Its good for you *Its good for you takingtaking a walk after supper.a walk after supper.对对对对你来你来你来你来说饭说饭说饭说饭后散步是有好后散步是有好后散步是有好后散步是有好处处处处的。的。的。的。2.2.名名词词性物主代性物主代词词常用来避免与前面提及的名常用来避免与前面提及的名词词重复，相当于重复，相当于“形容形容词词性物主代性物主代词词+名名词词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?名名名名词词词词性物主代性物主代性物主代性物主代词词词词在句中可作主在句中可作主在句中可作主在句中可作主语语语语、表表表表语语语语和和和和宾语宾语宾语宾语 *Whose book is this?Whose book is this?Its Its minemine.这书这书这书这书是是是是谁谁谁谁的？的？的？的？-我的。我的。我的。我的。*Our room is big and *Our room is big and theirstheirs is small.is small.我我我我们们们们的房的房的房的房间间间间大，他大，他大，他大，他们们们们的房的房的房的房间间间间小。小。小。小。*You may use my pen.Ill use *You may use my pen.Ill use hershers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.3.形容形容形容形容词词词词性物主代性物主代性物主代性物主代词词词词和名和名和名和名词词词词性物主代性物主代性物主代性物主代词词词词的关系：的关系：的关系：的关系：形容形容形容形容词词词词性物主代性物主代性物主代性物主代词词词词+名名名名词词词词=名名名名词词词词性物主代性物主代性物主代性物主代词词词词 *These books arent ours.Ours are new.*These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)(our books=ours)*This is not our room.Ours is over there.*This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)(our room=ours)4.4.名名词词性物主代性物主代词词可用在可用在of后面做定后面做定语语，相当，相当于于“of+名名词词所有格所有格”，表示所属表示所属表示所属表示所属表示表示带带有部分有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:He is a friend of mine.*A sister of hisA sister of his is a nurse.is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个他的一个妹妹是个他的一个妹妹是个他的一个妹妹是个护护护护士。士。士。士。*Tom is *Tom is a friend of minea friend of mine 汤汤汤汤姆是我的一个朋友姆是我的一个朋友姆是我的一个朋友姆是我的一个朋友三、反身代三、反身代词词的用法的用法定定义义：反身代反身代词词又称自身代又称自身代词词，由第一人称、，由第一人称、第二人称形容第二人称形容词词性物主代性物主代词词和第三人称人称和第三人称人称代代词宾词宾格，格，单单数加数加词词尾尾self、复数加、复数加词词尾尾selves 构成。构成。在句子中，反身代在句子中，反身代词词可作可作动词动词或介或介词词的的宾宾语语、表、表语语、主、主语语或者或者宾语宾语的同位的同位语语。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。具体变化见下表：数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快hurt oneself伤着自己teach oneself learnby oneself自学(all)by oneself(完全)独立地help oneself to请自便；随便吃look after oneself自理；照顾自己leave one by oneself把单独留下lose oneself in陶醉于；沉浸于（一）作（一）作动词动词的的宾语宾语反身代反身代词词可以与可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look after等等词连词连用，表明用，表明动动作的承受者就是主作的承受者就是主语语本身。本身。1.enjoy oneself=have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?2.help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后面可随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语语。Help yourselves to some fruit.3.hurt oneself 伤伤着自己着自己 She didnt hurt herself.4.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学自学 Did you teach yourself English?=Did you learn English by yourself?5.look after oneself 照照顾顾自己自己 I can look after myself well.6.say to oneself自言自自言自语语 Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”e to oneself苏苏醒醒 Soon the boy came to herself.8.make oneself+过过去分去分词词，使自己被，使自己被别别人人 She did her best to make herself understood.9.lose oneself in 沉浸于沉浸于陶醉于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.（三）作表（三）作表语语反身代反身代词词可与可与be动词动词或系或系动词连动词连用，表示或描述一种用，表示或描述一种感感觉觉、情、情绪绪或状或状态态。The little boy was myself.（四）用作主（四）用作主语语或或宾语宾语的同位的同位语语，往往用来加，往往用来加强强名名词词或代或代词词的的语语气，在句中可置于名气，在句中可置于名词词、代、代词词之前、之后之前、之后或句子末尾。或句子末尾。1.作主作主语语的同位的同位语语 He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.2.作作宾语宾语的同位的同位语语 I will give the letter to your brother himself.四指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?2.2.that,thosethat,those常指前面提常指前面提常指前面提常指前面提过过过过的的的的东东东东西西西西,以免重复以免重复以免重复以免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.3.刚刚刚刚才提到的事情，在英文中用才提到的事情，在英文中用才提到的事情，在英文中用才提到的事情，在英文中用thatthat *He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.【辨析】【辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名名词词或者不可数名或者不可数名词词，one泛指上下文提及的同泛指上下文提及的同类类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词词，that常用在常用在比比较较等等级级中，代表前面提到的名中，代表前面提到的名词词，以避免重复。，以避免重复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai.五、五、不定代不定代不定代不定代词词词词 不指明代替特定名不指明代替特定名不指明代替特定名不指明代替特定名词词词词（或形容（或形容（或形容（或形容词词词词）的代）的代）的代）的代词词词词 all,each,every,both,either,neither all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,none,one,little,few,many,much one,little,few,many,much,other,another,other,another,some,any,nosome,any,no 由由由由some,any,no,every some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代等构成的合成代等构成的合成代等构成的合成代词词词词指物指物指人指人everythingeveryone，everybodysomethingsomeone，somebodyanythinganyone，anybody nothingno one,nobody几几几几组组组组在用法上容易混淆的不定代在用法上容易混淆的不定代在用法上容易混淆的不定代在用法上容易混淆的不定代词词词词1.some/any1.some/any some 常用于肯定句中，常用于肯定句中，There are some There are some flowers in front of the house.flowers in front of the house.当当说话说话者期望得到者期望得到对对方的肯定回答或表示方的肯定回答或表示请请求建求建议时议时，可以用在疑，可以用在疑问问句中句中.-Would you like some bread?-Yes,please.May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some questions?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?any常用于否定句和疑常用于否定句和疑问问句中，当句中，当any表示表示“任任何何”时时，可用于肯定句。，可用于肯定句。Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?There arent any students in the classroom.2.many/much2.many/much many many 修修修修饰饰饰饰或指代复数可数名或指代复数可数名或指代复数可数名或指代复数可数名词词词词 *There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.much much 修修修修饰饰饰饰或指代不可数名或指代不可数名或指代不可数名或指代不可数名词词词词 *He doesnt know much English.*He doesnt know much English.3.another/other3.another/other another another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me another.another.other other 后面接名后面接名后面接名后面接名词词词词，泛指，泛指，泛指，泛指别别别别的、其他的的、其他的的、其他的的、其他的 *Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?4.4.the other/others/the others the other/others/the others the other the other 1.1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个“onethe other”“onethe other”*He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is *He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.a doctor.2.2.修修修修饰饰饰饰名名名名词词词词，特指另一个、另一些，特指另一个、另一些，特指另一个、另一些，特指另一个、另一些 *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.class like swimming,too.othersothers泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 *He often helps others.*He often helps others.*Some are playing basketball,others are playing *Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.football.the others the others 特指确定范特指确定范特指确定范特指确定范围围围围内剩下的全部的人或物。内剩下的全部的人或物。内剩下的全部的人或物。内剩下的全部的人或物。*There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of *There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.them are girls,the others are boys.v图解图解other系列不定代词系列不定代词 one（一个）（一个）the other（另一个）（另一个）one（一个）（一个）another（其余的任一个）（其余的任一个）one（一个）（一个）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）some（一些）（一些）others（其余的一部分）（其余的一部分）some（一些）（一些）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）5.5.few/a few/little/a littlefew/a few/little/a little few/a few few/a few 修修修修饰饰饰饰可数名可数名可数名可数名词词词词 little/a little little/a little 修修修修饰饰饰饰不可数名不可数名不可数名不可数名词词词词 few,little few,little 表示否定意表示否定意表示否定意表示否定意义义义义,译为译为译为译为“没有几个没有几个没有几个没有几个”,“”,“没没没没有多少有多少有多少有多少”a few,a little a few,a little 表示肯定意表示肯定意表示肯定意表示肯定意义义义义,译为译为译为译为“有几个有几个有几个有几个”，“有一有一有一有一点点点点”6.6.every/eachevery/each everyevery单单单单数名数名数名数名词词词词,表示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,强强强强调调调调共性、共性、共性、共性、整体整体整体整体,只作定只作定只作定只作定语语语语,形式上形式上形式上形式上为单为单为单为单数数数数.不与不与不与不与of of 连连连连用用用用 *Every child likes playing games.*Every child likes playing games.each each 表示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,强强强强调调调调个性个性个性个性,作定作定作定作定语语语语主主主主语语语语、宾语宾语宾语宾语和同位和同位和同位和同位语语语语,常与常与常与常与of of 连连连连用用用用 *Each student was asked to try again.*Each student was asked to try again.*Each of them has a new book.*Each of them has a new book.7.7.all/noneall/none all all“(“(全部全部全部全部)都都都都”,”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位表示三者或三者以上，作同位表示三者或三者以上，作同位表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时语时语时语时,一般放在一般放在一般放在一般放在连连连连系系系系动词动词动词动词、助、助、助、助动词动词动词动词之后之后之后之后,行行行行为动词为动词为动词为动词之前之前之前之前 *We are all from China.*We are all from China.They all like English.They all like English.none none“没有没有没有没有”,”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟后常跟后常跟后常跟介介介介词词词词ofof（谓语动词单谓语动词单谓语动词单谓语动词单、复数均可）、复数均可）、复数均可）、复数均可）*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.8.8.both/either/neitherboth/either/neither both both“（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都”,”,作主作主作主作主语时语时语时语时看作复数看作复数看作复数看作复数;作定作定作定作定语语语语时时时时后跟名后跟名后跟名后跟名词词词词复数复数复数复数 *My parents are both teachers.*My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither neither“(“(两者两者两者两者)都不都不都不都不”,”,含有否定意含有否定意含有否定意含有否定意义义义义,作主作主作主作主语时语时语时语时谓语谓语谓语谓语用第三人称用第三人称用第三人称用第三人称单单单单数数数数;作定作定作定作定语时语时语时语时后跟名后跟名后跟名后跟名词单词单词单词单数数数数.*Neither answer is right.*Neither answer is right.either either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,”,作主作主作主作主语时谓语语时谓语语时谓语语时谓语用第三人用第三人用第三人用第三人 称称称称单单单单数数数数;作定作定作定作定语时语时语时语时后跟名后跟名后跟名后跟名词单词单词单词单数数数数.*There are trees on either side of the street.*There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关有关有关有关词组词组词组词组及及及及应应应应用用用用 1.both of/either of/neither of1.both of/either of/neither of *Both of them swim well.*Both of them swim well.他他他他们俩们俩们俩们俩都游得很好。都游得很好。都游得很好。都游得很好。*Either of you goes to Beijing.*Either of you goes to Beijing.你你你你们俩们俩们俩们俩随便随便随便随便谁谁谁谁去北京都可以。去北京都可以。去北京都可以。去北京都可以。*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他他他他们俩谁们俩谁们俩谁们俩谁都不停下来休息。都不停下来休息。都不停下来休息。都不停下来休息。2.bothand2.bothand（谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词用复数形式）用复数形式）用复数形式）用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词遵循就近原遵循就近原遵循就近原遵循就近原则则则则)*Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.*Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom Tom 和和和和 Lucy Lucy 都在二年都在二年都在二年都在二年级级级级。*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我或者我爸爸或者我或者我爸爸或者我或者我爸爸或者我妈妈妈妈妈妈妈妈在家在家在家在家烧饭烧饭烧饭烧饭。*Neither he nor I am free today.*Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。9.9.something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobodynobody1.这这些些词词一般没有一般没有词词形形变变化化,但以但以-one或或-body结结尾的尾的词词能能带带所所有格有格词词尾。如：尾。如：Everyones life was in danger.2.这这些些词词修修饰饰形容形容词词或者副或者副词时词时,形容形容词词或者副或者副词词都需要后置。都需要后置。3.这这些复合代些复合代词词作主作主语时语时，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数形式。数形式。4.在反意疑在反意疑问问句中句中,当当陈陈述部分的主述部分的主语语是是everybody,someone等等指人的复合代指人的复合代词时词时，疑，疑问问部分的主部分的主语语往往用往往用they,也可以用也可以用he;若若陈陈述部分的主述部分的主语语是是anything,nothing等指物的复合代等指物的复合代词时词时,疑疑问问部分的主部分的主语语用用it。如：。如：Everyone knows this,doesnt he/dont they?Everything seems all right,doesnt it?六、六、疑疑疑疑问问问问代代代代词词词词疑疑疑疑问问问问代代代代词词词词在句子中用来构成特殊疑在句子中用来构成特殊疑问问句句常常常常见见见见的有的有的有的有:who/whom/whose/what/whichwho/whom/whose/what/which 通常做主通常做主通常做主通常做主语语语语 宾宾宾宾语语语语 定定定定语语语语 表表表表语语语语 *What makes you think like that?*What makes you think like that?做做做做主主主主语语语语 *Who(Whom)were you talking with?*Who(Whom)were you talking with?做做做做宾语宾语宾语宾语 *Which bus do I need?Which bus do I need?做定语做定语做定语做定语 *Whats your father?Whats your father?做表语做表语做表语做表语 主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格指人指人whowhomwhose指人或物指人或物which/Homeworkv1.复习巩固本节课学习内容，做好笔记。v2.完成备战代词专练。