(京津鲁琼专用)2022版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第二部分第一讲理解文中具体信息——细节理解题.pdf

京津鲁琼专用京津鲁琼专用 20222022 版高考英版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第二局部第一讲理解文中具体信二局部第一讲理解文中具体信息细节理解题专题强化训息细节理解题专题强化训练含解析练含解析专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解细节理解题直接细节题细节理解题直接细节题(建议用时：建议用时：2525 分钟分钟)A A(2022河北石家庄二中高三模拟(2022河北石家庄二中高三模拟考试考试)Born)Born inin thethe StateState ofof NewNew YorkYork ononMayMay14th,14th,1984,1984,MarkMarkZuckerbergZuckerbergwaswasananinstantinstant success.success.InIn hishis highhigh schoolschool years,years,hehewas considered one of top students in thewas considered one of top students in theclass,class,beforebefore movingmoving intointo thethe arts,arts,sciences,sciences,and literature,again picking up high marksand literature,again picking up high marksandand receivingreceiving academicacademic praise.praise.ItIt earnedearned himhimadmission to Harvard University.admission to Harvard University.AsAs a a rebelliousrebellious yetyet relativelyrelatively quietquietstudent,student,hehe createdcreated a a websitewebsite calledcalled FacemashFacemashininthetheuniversityuniversityananinstantlyinstantlycontroversialcontroversialwebsitewebsitethatthatencouragedencouraged-2-2-studentsstudentstotoraterateeacheachotherotherbasedbasedononappearance.appearance.The site was controversial for severalThe site was controversial for severalreasons.The first was its illegal use ofreasons.The first was its illegal use ofphotographs,photographs,whichwhichthetheuniversityuniversityandandstudentsstudents tooktook issueissue with.with.TheThe secondsecond waswas itsitscontroversialcontroversialnaturenaturenotnoteveryeverystudentstudentlikeslikes beingbeing rankedranked basedbased onon theirtheir appearance.appearance.TheThe thirdthird waswas itsits hugehuge resourceresource useusewhilewhile ititwaswas hostedhosted onon HarvardHarvard servers,servers,itit waswas thethe mostmostpopularpopular pagepage inin thethe universityuniversitys s work.Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut theZuckerberg was soon forced to shut thesitesite down,down,butbut itsits popularitypopularity andand controversycontroversyhad made him consider its future potential.had made him consider its future potential.HeHe soonsoon turnedturned thethe simplesimple sitesite intointo a a personalpersonaloneone forfor HarvardHarvard students,students,encouragingencouraging themthem totonetwork with their peers at the college.Itnetwork with their peers at the college.It-3-3-waswas then,then,togethertogether withwith hishis twotwo friends,friends,thatthattheythey launchedlaunched“TheThe FacebookFacebook ，whichwhichimmediatelyimmediately spreadspread toto otherother collegescolleges andand grewgrewintointo a a publicpublic serviceservice thatthat anyoneanyone couldcouldaccessaccess inin thethe UnitedUnited States,States,whetherwhether totonetwork with friends and family,or to playnetwork with friends and family,or to playgames.games.TheThecompanycompanyhashasbeenbeencriticizedcriticizedfrequently,frequently,nevertheless,nevertheless,ZuckerbergZuckerberghashasremainedremained truetrue toto hishis initialinitial visionvision totocreatecreate a a websitewebsite thatthat thethe entireentire worldworld cancan useuseto communicate openly and easily with oneto communicate openly and easily with oneanotheranother andand toto keepkeep thethe useruser experienceexperience cleancleanandand pure.pure.TheThe endend resultresult isis oneone ofof thetheworlds biggest online businesses.worlds biggest online businesses.AlthoughAlthough itsits truetrue valuevalue isis debatable,debatable,itsits safesafe toto saysay thatthat Facebook,Facebook,andand itsitscreatorcreator MarkMark Zuckerberg,Zuckerberg,areare twotwo ofof thethe-4-4-twentytwenty first centuryfirst century s most influential,s most influential,controversial,controversial,andandpotentiallypotentiallypowerfulpowerfulfigures.figures.【解题导语】【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了要介绍了 FacebookFacebook 网站的创始人网站的创始人 ZuckerbergZuckerberg 创创立网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。立网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。1 1WhatWhat cancan wewe knowknow aboutabout MarkMark ZuckerbergZuckerbergwhen he was a student?when he was a student?A AHe was often praised by teachers forHe was often praised by teachers forthe website he created.the website he created.B BHe had good academic performance.He had good academic performance.C CHeHe alonealone createdcreated a a websitewebsite calledcalledFacebook.Facebook.D D HeHe encouragedencouraged studentsstudents toto setset upupbusiness like him.business like him.B B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“In“In hishis highhigh schoolschool years,years,hehe waswas consideredconsideredoneone ofof toptop studentsstudents inin thethe class,class,beforebefore-5-5-movingmovingintointothethearts,arts,sciences,sciences,andandliterature,again picking up high marks andliterature,again picking up high marks andreceivingreceivingacademicacademicpraise.praise.可可 知知，MarkMarkZuckerbergZuckerberg 在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B B 项正确。项正确。2.Why2.Why diddid ZuckerbergZuckerberg shutshut thethe sitesite down?down?A ABecause his website was not popular.Because his website was not popular.B BBecauseBecause hehe waswas doubteddoubted forfor thethe wayway heheused photographs.used photographs.C CBecause he needed time to reconsiderBecause he needed time to reconsiderhis choice.his choice.D DBecause he stole resource on HarvardBecause he stole resource on Harvardserver.server.B B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The“Thefirstfirstwaswasitsitsillegalillegaluseuseofofphotographs,photographs,whichwhichthetheuniversityuniversityandandstudentsstudents tooktook issueissue with.with.可知，他关闭该网可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故 B B 项正项正-6-6-确。确。3 3 WhichWhichwordswordscancanbestbestdescribedescribeZuckerberg?Zuckerberg?A AEasyEasy going and smart.going and smart.B BQuiet and shy.Quiet and shy.C CTalented and outgoing.Talented and outgoing.D DRebellious and creative.Rebellious and creative.D D解析：解析：推理判断题。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As根据第二段中的“Asa a rebelliousrebellious yetyet relativelyrelatively quietquiet student,student,hehecreatedcreated a a websitewebsite calledcalled FacemashFacemash inin thetheuniversityuniversity可知，可知，ZuckerbergZuckerberg 是一个叛逆的学是一个叛逆的学生，生，并且在学生时期就创立了网站。并且在学生时期就创立了网站。由此可推知，由此可推知，ZuckerbergZuckerberg 是叛逆的和有创造性的。是叛逆的和有创造性的。故故 D D 项正确。项正确。4 4WhatWhat isis thethe bestbest titletitle ofof thethe passage?passage?A AMark Zuckerberg and His FacebookMark Zuckerberg and His FacebookB BThe Foundation of FacebookThe Foundation of FacebookC CA Talent from Harvard UniversityA Talent from Harvard UniversityD DThe Development of FacebookThe Development of Facebook-7-7-A A解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了主要介绍了 ZuckerbergZuckerberg 在创立网站的过程中遇在创立网站的过程中遇到的困难以及他努力克服所遇困难的过程，到的困难以及他努力克服所遇困难的过程，A A 项项适合作本文的标题。故适合作本文的标题。故 A A 项正确。项正确。长难句分析长难句分析 ItIt waswas then,then,togethertogether withwithhis two friends,that they launchedhis two friends,that they launched“TheTheFacebookFacebook，whichwhich immediatelyimmediately spreadspread totootherother collegescolleges andand grewgrew intointo a a publicpublic serviceservicethatthat anyoneanyone couldcould accessaccess inin thethe UnitedUnited States,States,whether to network with friends and family,whether to network with friends and family,or to play games.(or to play games.(第四段第三句第四段第三句)分分 析析：本本 句句 是是 一一 个个 主主 从从 复复 合合 句句。ItItwas.thatwas.that 构成强调句；构成强调句；whichwhich 引导非限制性定引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook；第二个语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook；第二个thatthat 引引导导定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰先先行行词词 a a publicpublicserviceservice。译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“The Facebook。“The Facebook。FacebookFacebook 迅速传播到其他大迅速传播到其他大-8-8-学并开展成为一项公共效劳。在美国，任何人都学并开展成为一项公共效劳。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一效劳，无论是用来与朋友和家人联可以使用这一效劳，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。系，还是玩游戏。B B(2022河南六市高三第一次联(2022河南六市高三第一次联考考)While weather forecasters can)While weather forecasters canmake fairly accurate predictions,theremake fairly accurate predictions,there s salways the risk that youalways the risk that youll be caught outll be caught outwhile driving in the rain.But the days ofwhile driving in the rain.But the days ofhaving to quickly close your sunroof couldhaving to quickly close your sunroof couldsoon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguarsoon be a thing of the past thanks to JaguarLand Rovers latest technology.Land Rovers latest technology.TheThe firmfirm isis developingdeveloping carscars thatthat cancanadapt automatically by closing windows andadapt automatically by closing windows androofs or starting the heater if they detectroofs or starting the heater if they detectbadbadweatherweatherisisononthetheway.way.TheTheweatherweatherforecastingforecasting systemsystem usesuses a a setset ofof airair pressure,pressure,humidity(humidity(湿度湿度)and light sensors()and light sensors(传感器传感器)to)to-9-9-helphelpitsitsvehiclesvehiclespredictpredictchangeschangesininconditions and adapt to them.Cars equippedconditions and adapt to them.Cars equippedwithwith thethe systemsystem couldcould makemake slightslight changes tochanges tothethe airair conditioningconditioning ifif itit findsfinds thethe weatherweatherisisgettinggettingwarmerwarmerduringduringa ajourneyjourneyororincreaseincrease thethe cabincabin temperaturetemperature ifif itit willwill getgetcolder.colder.TheThe forecastforecast maymay indicateindicate therethere isis a apossibilitypossibility ofof oneone oror moremore weatherweather conditions,conditions,such as rain,within a period of time,suchsuch as rain,within a period of time,suchas five minutes.The vehicle may then adaptas five minutes.The vehicle may then adapttotothethelocallocalweatherweatherconditions.conditions.InInparticular,particular,itit maymay closeclose oneone oror moremore windows,windows,oror closeclose a a roofroof ofof thethe vehiclevehicle inin responseresponse totoa forecast of rain.Similarly windows coulda forecast of rain.Similarly windows couldbebe darkeneddarkened usingusing electrochromic(electrochromic(电致变色的电致变色的)glassglasstotoimproveimprovevisibilityvisibilityififbrightbrightsunshine is forecast.sunshine is forecast.-10-10-AlthoughAlthough itit s s unclearunclear whetherwhether thisthistechnologytechnology willwill makemake itsits wayway toto a a productionproductionvehiclevehicle anytimeanytime soon,soon,suchsuch a a systemsystem wouldwould bebeadvantageous on autonomous vehicles.Sinceadvantageous on autonomous vehicles.Sincetheretheres s nono humanhuman driverdriver present,present,thethe systemsystemwillwill allowallow thethe vehiclevehicle toto makemake itit comfortablecomfortableforfor itsits passengers,passengers,basedbased onon currentcurrent weatherweatherconditions.conditions.ItIt cancan alsoalso makemake thethe vehiclevehiclesafer if it knows rain or snow is coming.safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.【解题导语】【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术天气预报系统。该绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。5 5How will Jaguar Land Rovers latestHow will Jaguar Land Rovers latesttechnology benefit drivers?technology benefit drivers?A A VehiclesVehiclescancanautomaticallyautomaticallydrivedrivethemselves.themselves.B BVehiclesVehicles cancan findfind positionspositions andand routesroutes-11-11-themselves.themselves.C CVehicles can act as mobile weatherVehicles can act as mobile weatherforecasting stations.forecasting stations.D DVehiclesVehicles cancan openopen windowswindows andand sunroofssunroofsautomatically.automatically.C C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The weather forecasting system uses a set“The weather forecasting system uses a setof air pressure,humidity(of air pressure,humidity(湿度湿度)and light)and lightsensors(sensors(传感器传感器)toto helphelp itsits vehiclesvehicles predictpredictchanges in conditions and adapt to them.changes in conditions and adapt to them.可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。应选化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。应选 C C。6 6What is the feature of the glass of aWhat is the feature of the glass of avehicle with the new technology?vehicle with the new technology?A AIt can help adjust the temperature.It can help adjust the temperature.B BIt can still be clear in rainy days.It can still be clear in rainy days.C CItIt isis tootoo strongstrong toto breakbreak intointo pieces.pieces.-12-12-D D ItsItscolourcolourcancanchangechangewithwiththethesunshine.sunshine.D D解析：解析：细节理解题。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句根据第三段最后一句“Similarly windows could be darkened using“Similarly windows could be darkened usingelectrochromic(electrochromic(电致变色的电致变色的)glassglass toto improveimprovevisibilityvisibility ifif brightbright sunshinesunshine isis forecast.forecast.可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。应选而改变。应选 D D。7 7What can we know about the weatherWhat can we know about the weatherforecasting system from the text?forecasting system from the text?A A ItIt isis intelligentintelligent enoughenough toto stopstopraining.raining.B BItIt makesmakes thethe driverdriver moremore fortable.C C ItItcancan t tpredictpredictthetheweatherweatheraccurately.accurately.D DItIt makesmakes autonomousautonomous carscars safersafer inin badbadweather.weather.D D解析：解析：细节理解题。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一根据最后一段最后一-13-13-句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it句“It can also make the vehicle safer if itknows rain or snow is coming.knows rain or snow is coming.可知，天气预可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更平安。报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更平安。应选应选 D D。8 8Where might the text be taken from?Where might the text be taken from?A AA book review.A book review.B Bscience report.science report.C CA science fiction.A science fiction.D D A Atraveltravelbrochure.brochure.B B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。应选能出自科学报道。应选 B B。长难句分析长难句分析 WhileWhile weatherweather forecastersforecasterscancan makemake fairlyfairly accurateaccurate predictions,predictions,theretheres always the risk that yous always the risk that you ll be caught outll be caught outwhile driving in the rain.(while driving in the rain.(第一段第一句第一段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whilewhile 引导引导让步状语从句；youll be caught out while让步状语从句；youll be caught out while-14-14-A Adriving in the raindriving in the rain 是同位语从句，说明是同位语从句，说明 riskrisk的内容。的内容。译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。C C(2022(2022 昆昆 明明 高高 三三 复复 习习 诊诊 断断)Whore)Whorehappier,men or women?happier,men or women?Research shows itsResearch shows itsa complex question and that asking whethera complex question and that asking whethermales or females are happier isnmales or females are happier isnt reallyt reallythat helpful,because basically,happinessthat helpful,because basically,happinessis different for women and men.is different for women and men.WomenWomens s happinesshappiness hashas beenbeen decliningdeclining forforthethepastpast3030years,years,accordingaccordingtotorecentrecentstatistics.statistics.AndAnd researchresearch showsshows thatthat womenwomen arearetwicetwice asas likelylikely toto experienceexperience depressiondepressioncompared with men.Gender(compared with men.Gender(性别性别)differences)differencesinin depressiondepression areare wellwell confirmedconfirmed andand studiesstudie