《透视学导论》PPT课件.ppt

绘画透视规律与表现技法 huihua toushi gui lv yu biao xian jifa 绘画透视规律与表现技法 绘画透视 （3）第三节第三节一、二点透视一、二点透视 两点透视又称成两点透视又称成角透视。当水平置放角透视。当水平置放的直角六面体与画面的直角六面体与画面成一定角度，两侧面成一定角度，两侧面的线条向左右两个消的线条向左右两个消失点集中，这样的透失点集中，这样的透视图叫二点透视。视图叫二点透视。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)Adian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)一点透视（平行透视）二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)1、二点透视的特征、二点透视的特征 (1)在二点透视中，方形物体的垂直边线仍然垂直；与地面平行的水平线，各自与画面成一定的角度向左右两方远伸，分别往地平线上左右消失点（又称余点）集中。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(2)二点透视表现出的画面效果较自由，具有活泼、生动的特点，与真实场景空间相比，具有很好的真实性、且变化多样、纵横交错的特点，有助于表现复杂的场景及丰富多采的人物活动。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二兰透视 dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi 二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)2、二点透视的四种状态 由于动画影片中镜头的瞬息万变，要求我们不能用孤立的、静止的方式看待方形景物的透视现象，应从方形物的运动中，认识和掌握成角透视的变化规律，才能得心应手地画出方形景物的各种透视现象。因此，有必要从立方体的旋转过程中，分析并认识立方体的典型透视特征，以及成角透视中一对消失点在地平线上移动的规律。二点透视(成角透视)Adian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)方形物体向左旋转的状态(1)平行状态(2)微动状态二点透视(成角透视)Adian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)方形物体向左旋转的状态(3)一般状态(4)对等状态 平行状态 微动状态方形物体向左旋转的状态 一般状态 对等状态方形物体向左旋转的状态3、二点透视的画法 首先应确定方形物体在画面中的构图，即方形物体在画面中的大小及视平线的高低位置；再确定方形物体的旋转状态，以寻求左右两个消失点的位置。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)基斯帕金森科幻插图 基斯帕金森插图 基斯帕金森插图千与千寻的神隐二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)Adian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)基斯帕金森插图 二、二、二、二、等分法等分法等分法等分法(2)(2)(2)(2)又叫等距离透视画又叫等距离透视画又叫等距离透视画又叫等距离透视画法。在动画的场景法。在动画的场景法。在动画的场景法。在动画的场景设计中，往往会碰设计中，往往会碰设计中，往往会碰设计中，往往会碰上等距离透视问题，上等距离透视问题，上等距离透视问题，上等距离透视问题，这需要运用等分法这需要运用等分法这需要运用等分法这需要运用等分法去解决。去解决。去解决。去解决。1、对自线等分法(2)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)2、不对称分割法 在一个透视变形的方形面上要划分成若干个不对称也不尽相等的透视面，可将要划分的各部分的宽度画在这个方形面的原线上，将这些分点引向消失点，再再利用对角线划分各部分的透视位置。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)3、平行变线分割法首先要在求等距离的变线一端作水平线，并稍长于变线，将水平线进行等分（根据需要4等分、5等分）。然后将这水平线与变线的两端连接后交视平线于一点，将这一点与变线上的等分点相连，变线被等分。二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)二点透视(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)(成角透视)dian tou shi(cheng jiao tou shi)第二单元作业1 1、了解二点（成角）透视的特点，熟记二点、了解二点（成角）透视的特点，熟记二点透视规律。透视规律。2 2、观察周边环境中的景物，分析二点透视规、观察周边环境中的景物，分析二点透视规律。律。3 3、完成一张（只用线，不涂明暗）房屋外貌、完成一张（只用线，不涂明暗）房屋外貌或教室内景的二点透视作业，用红色标出变线或教室内景的二点透视作业，用红色标出变线与消失点。与消失点。