《醇酚醚习题》PPT课件.ppt
习题P3061、写出戊醇C5H9OH的异构体的构造式,并用系统命名法命名。(1)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH(4)CH3CH2CH-CH2OH(2)CH3CH2CH2CH-CH3(3)CH3CH2CH-CH2CH31-戊醇2-戊醇3-戊醇OHOHCH32-甲基-1-丁醇(5)CH3CH-CH2CH2OHCH33-甲基-1-丁醇(6)CH3CH-CH-CH33-甲基-2-丁醇CH3OH(7)CH3CH-C-CH32-甲基-2-丁醇CH3OH(8)CH3-C-CH2 OH2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇CH3CH32、写出下列结构式的系统命名:(1)CH3CH2CHCHCH3OHCH3OCH3(2)C=CHHCH2CHOHCH3(3)CH2CH2OHCl3-甲氧基-2-戊醇E-4-己烯-2-醇2-对氯苯基乙醇(4)HOHCH3C2H5(5)C2H5 OCH2CH(CH3)2(6)OHOHClNO2Z-1-乙基-2-甲基环己醇1-乙氧基-2-甲基丙烷3-氯-4-硝基-1,2-苯二酚(7)OC2H5Br(8)OHBrBr(CH3)2 CHCH2OCH3CHOCH3CH2OCH3(9)(10)CH2-CHCH2CH3O4-乙氧基溴苯2,6-二溴-4-异丙基苯酚1,2,3-三甲氧基丙烷1,2-环氧丁烷3、写出下列化合物的构造式:(1)(E)-2-丁烯-1-醇 (2)烯丙基正丁醚 (3)对硝基苄甲醚 (4)邻甲基苯甲醚 (5)2,3-二甲氧基丁烷 (6),-二苯基乙醇 (7)新戊醇 (8)苦味酸 (9)2,3-坏氧戊烷 (10)15-冠-5CH2OHC=CHHCH3(1)(2)CH2=CHCH2-O CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3(3)NO2CH2 OCH3(4)OCH3OCH3(5)CH3 CH CH CH3OCH3CH3O(6)CH2CH-OH(7)CH3 C-CH2-OHCH3CH3(8)CH3 CH CHCH2CH3O(9)NO2NO2NO2OH(10)4、写出下列化合物的构造式:(1)2,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol(2)4-penten-2-ol(3)3-bromo-4-methylphenol(4)5-nitro-2-naphthol(5)tert-butylphenylether(6)1,2-dimethoxyethane(1)CH3CH2CH CH2 CHCH2-OHCH3CH3CH2=CH CH2 CHCH3 OH(2)(3)CH3BrOH(4)NO2OH(5)OC(CH3)3(6)CH3O CH2 CH2 OCH35、写出异丙醇与下列试剂作用的反应式:(1)Na(2)Al(3)冷浓H2SO4(4)H2SO4,160(5)H2SO4,140(6)NaBr+H2SO4(7)红磷+碘(8)SOCl2(9)CH3C6H4SO2Cl(10)(1)的产物+C2H5Br(11)(1)的产物+叔丁基氯(12)(5)产物+HI(过量)CH3CH -OHCH3(1)NaCH3CH -ONaCH3CH3CH -OHCH3(2)AlCH3CH O-AlCH32CH3CH -OHCH3(3)冷浓H2SO4CH3CH=CH2CH3CH -OHCH3(4)冷浓H2SO4H2SO4,140CH3CH -OHCH3(5)CH3CH -OSO2OHCH3CH3CH -O-CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH -OHCH3(6)CH3CH -BrCH3NaBr+H2SO4CH3CH -OHCH3(7)CH3CH -ICH3红磷+碘CH3CH -OHCH3(8)CH3CH -ClCH3SOCl2CH3CH -OHCH3(9)CH3CH-OSO2C6H4CH3CH3CH3C6H4SO2ClCH3CH -ONa+CH3(10)C2H5BrCH3CH -OC2H5CH3CH3CH -ONa+CH3(11)ClC(CH3)3CH2=CCH3 CH3CH3CH -O-CHCH3CH3CH3(12)+HI(过量)CH3CH -ICH36、在叔丁醇中加入金属钠,当钠被消耗后,在反应混合物中加入溴乙烷,这时可得到C6H14O;如在乙醇与金属钠反应的混合物中加入2-甲基-2-溴丙烷,则有气体产生,在留下的混合物中仅有乙醇一种有机物,试写出所有的反应式,并解释这两个实验为什么不同?(CH3)3COH+Na(CH3)3CONaC2H5Br(CH3)3COC2H5C2H5OH+NaC2H5ONa(CH3)3CBrCH2=CCH3 CH3叔丁醇钠与溴乙烷的反应是亲核取代反应。而乙醇钠与2-甲基-2-溴丙烷的反应是消除反应。7、有人试图从氘代醇CH3CH2CDOHCH3和HBr,H2SO4共热制备CH3CH2CDBrCH3,得到的产物具有正确的沸点,但经过对光谱性质的仔细考察,发现该产物是,CH3CHDCHBrCH3和CH3CH2CDBrCH3的混合物,试问反应过程中发生了什么变化?用反应式表明。CH3CH2CDCH3OHHBr,H2SO4CH3CH2C+DCH3CH3CH+CHDCH3CH3CHDCHBrCH3重排而CH3CH2C+DCH3CH3CHDCHBrCH38、完成下列各反应:(1)CH2OHCH2OH+2HNO3H2SO4CH2ONO2CH2ONO2(2)OHH3O+(3)CH3HHBrC2H5CH3H(4)(5)C2H5CH3HHBrphphphphCH3HOHH3O+CH2(6)(CH3CH2)2CHI+CH3I(CH3CH2)2CHOCH3+HI(过量)(7)OHHOH3O+CH2=CHCH=CH2(8)CH3CHCH2(9)+HBrCH3CHCH2OHBrCH3CHCH2+OCH3CH3CHCH2O CH3OH(10)CH3CH3CH3HHOHH3O+CH3CH3CH3H9、写出下列各题中括弧中的构造式:(1)()+1molHIO4HC CH2CH2CH2 CH CHCH3OOCH3OHOH(2)()+2molHIO4CH3CHO+CH3COCH3+HCOOH(1)CH3CCH CHCH3CH3OH OHOH(3)()(1)C2H5MgBr(2)H3O+C2H5OHH+,H2O()C2H5(1)B2H6(2)H2O2,OH()C2H5OH10、用反应式标明下列反应事实:(1)CH3CH=CHCHCH3CH=CHCH+CH3CHCH=CHOHBrBrCH3CH=CHCHOHCH3CH CHCH+CH3CH=CHCH+CH3CHCH=CHBrBrH+(2)CH3CHCH(CH3)2OHCH3CH2C(CH3)2BrCH3CHCH(CH3)2OHH+CH3CHCH(CH3)2+CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH3CH2C(CH3)2Br11、化合物(A)为反-2-甲基环已醇,将(A)与对皿苯磺酰氯反应产物以丁醇钠处理所获得的唯一烯烃是3-甲基环已烯。(1)写出以上各步反应式。(2)指出最后一步反应的立体化学。(3)若将(A)用H2SO4脱水,能否得到下列烯烃。(1)OHCH3HH+CH3 SO2ClCH3HHOSO2CH3(CH3)3CONaCH3(3)若将A用H2SO4脱水,能得到少量上述烯烃和另外一种主要产物烯烃。CH3(2)最后一步反应的立体化学是SN2反式消除。12、选择适当的醛酮和Grignard试剂合成下列化合物:(1)3-苯基-1-丙醇:(2)1-环已基乙醇(3)2-苯基-2-丙醇 (4)2,4-二甲基-3-戊醇(5)1-甲基环已烯 (1)CH2CH2MgBr+HCHOCH2CH2CH2OH(2)CH2MgBr+HCHO CH2CH2OH(3)MgBr+CH3COCH3C OHCH3CH3(4)CH3CHMgBrCH3+CH3CHCHOCH3CH3CH CH CHCH3CH3CH3OH13、利用指定原料进行合成(无机试剂和C2以下的有机试剂可以任选)。(1)用正丁醇合成:正丁酸1,2-二溴丁烷,1-氯-2-丁醇,1-丁炔,2-丁酮。(2)用乙烯合成CH3CHCHCH3O(3)用丙烯合成 CH2=CHCH2OC CH2CH2CH3CH3CH3(1)CH3CH2CH2CH2OHH2SO4K2Cr2O7,H2SO4CH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHBr2CH3CH2CHCH2BrBrCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCl2/H2OH2SO4CH3CH2CHCH2ClOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHH3O+H2SO4K2Cr2O7,H2SO4CH3CH2 CCH3O(2)CH2=CH2O2CH2=CH2CH3CHO+HBrCH3CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CHOCH3CH2CHCH3H2SO4CH3CH=CHCH3OHO2AgCH3CHCHCH3O(3)CH3CH=CH2HBrH2O2CH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH=CH2NBSCH2=CHCH2BrCH3CH=CH2Br2EtOHKOHH2OHg2SO4NaNH2CH3COCH3MgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrNaCH2=CHCH2BrCH2=CHCH2OC CH2CH2CH3CH3CH315、试用适当的化学方法结合必要的物理方法将下列混合物中的少量杂质除去。(1)乙醚中含有少量乙醇。(2)乙中含有少量水(3)环已醇中含有少量苯酚(1)加入Na后蒸馏;(2)加入CaO后蒸馏;(3)加入NaOH溶液,静置,分层,取上层得到环己醇。16、分子式为C6H10O的化合物(A),能与lucas试剂反应,亦可被KMnO4氧化,并能吸收1molBr2,(A)经催化加氢得(B),将(B)氧化得(C)分子式为C6H10O,将(B)在加热下与浓H2SO4作用的产物还原可得到环已烷,试推测(A)可能的结构,写出各步骤的反应式:解:A的结构式是:或OHOHB的结构式是:OH17、化合物(A)分子式为C6H14O,能与Na作用,在酸催化作用下可脱水生成(B),以冷KMnO4溶液氧化(B)可得到(C),其分子式为C6H14O2,(C)与HIO4作用只得丙酮,试推(A),(B),(C)的构造式,并写出有关反应式。解:A结构式是:CH3CHCCH3OHCH3C结构式是:CH3CCCH3OHCH3OHCH3B结构式是:CH3CH3C=CCH3CH3CH3做了吗?