《词汇教学方法》PPT课件.ppt

词汇教学方法词汇教学方法1 音、形、义结合音、形、义结合 6 组块组块学习学习2 语境中猜词语境中猜词 7 类比类比 3 直观教学直观教学 8 联想联想4 构词方法构词方法 9 归类归类5 使用词典使用词典词汇教学方法词汇教学方法n n音、形、义结合音、形、义结合音、形、义结合音、形、义结合 听其音知其形，见其形知其音，观其形知其义。听其音知其形，见其形知其音，观其形知其义。听其音知其形，见其形知其音，观其形知其义。听其音知其形，见其形知其音，观其形知其义。Examples:Examples:mess nation organ preserve mess nation organ preserve messy national organize preservation messy national organize preservation foreigner neighbourhood misunderstanding foreigner neighbourhood misunderstanding breakthrough agricultural troublesome breakthrough agricultural troublesome 运用上下文猜测词义运用上下文猜测词义1.1.运用运用运用运用标点符号标点符号标点符号标点符号引出对生词的解释。引出对生词的解释。引出对生词的解释。引出对生词的解释。The The principalprincipal money money he he put put in in his his savings savings account account to to earn earn Interest Interest was was safe safe even even though though the the bank bank was was closed closed by by the the police.police.例例例例句句句句中中中中用用用用了了了了两两两两个个个个破破破破折折折折号号号号把把把把对对对对principalprincipal的的的的解解解解释释释释置置置置于于于于其其其其间间间间，说说说说明明明明 principalprincipal 的意思是的意思是的意思是的意思是sum of moneysum of money。其他用于解释的标点符号有：逗号，小括号和中括号等。其他用于解释的标点符号有：逗号，小括号和中括号等。其他用于解释的标点符号有：逗号，小括号和中括号等。其他用于解释的标点符号有：逗号，小括号和中括号等。2.2.有时有时有时有时辅助性词汇和标点符号同时辅助性词汇和标点符号同时辅助性词汇和标点符号同时辅助性词汇和标点符号同时使用，可以解释生词的意义。使用，可以解释生词的意义。使用，可以解释生词的意义。使用，可以解释生词的意义。Carlos Carlos looked looked dazeddazed,that that is,is,stunned,stunned,as as if if someone someone had had shocked shocked him him with with bad bad news news or or with with a a heavy heavy blow blow to to the the head.head.辅助性词语辅助性词语辅助性词语辅助性词语that isthat is能帮助学生理解能帮助学生理解能帮助学生理解能帮助学生理解dazeddazed的意思是的意思是的意思是的意思是stunnedstunned。其他辅助性词语还有：其他辅助性词语还有：其他辅助性词语还有：其他辅助性词语还有：meaning,such as,or,is calledmeaning,such as,or,is called等。等。等。等。3.3.通过通过通过通过相关反义词意义相关反义词意义相关反义词意义相关反义词意义，可以帮助理解该生词的意义。，可以帮助理解该生词的意义。，可以帮助理解该生词的意义。，可以帮助理解该生词的意义。During During During During office office office office hours hours hours hours he he he he looked looked looked looked very very very very tensetensetensetense and and and and anxious,but on weekends he was quite relaxed.anxious,but on weekends he was quite relaxed.anxious,but on weekends he was quite relaxed.anxious,but on weekends he was quite relaxed.表表表表示示示示转转转转折折折折关关关关系系系系的的的的连连连连词词词词butbutbutbut能能能能帮帮帮帮助助助助学学学学生生生生确确确确定定定定relaxedrelaxedrelaxedrelaxed是是是是tensetensetensetense的的的的反反反反义义义义词词词词。如如如如果果果果学学学学生生生生知知知知道道道道relaxedrelaxedrelaxedrelaxed的的的的意意意意思思思思是是是是at at at at easeeaseeaseease，就就就就 不不不不 难难难难 理理理理 解解解解tensetensetensetense意意意意 思思思思 是是是是 tighttighttighttight 或或或或 at at at at attentionattentionattentionattention。4.4.学生个人的阅历学生个人的阅历学生个人的阅历学生个人的阅历有时也能帮助理解生词的意义。有时也能帮助理解生词的意义。有时也能帮助理解生词的意义。有时也能帮助理解生词的意义。Marthas Marthas Marthas Marthas husband husband husband husband and and and and mother mother mother mother died died died died within within within within a a a a month month month month of of of of each each each each other,other,other,other,and and and and she she she she cried cried cried cried often often often often at at at at her her her her terrible terrible terrible terrible sorrowssorrowssorrowssorrows.家家家家庭庭庭庭悲悲悲悲剧剧剧剧会会会会让让让让人人人人感感感感到到到到非非非非常常常常伤伤伤伤心心心心，这这这这是是是是众众众众所所所所周周周周知知知知的的的的，运运运运用用用用这一常识就能理解这一常识就能理解这一常识就能理解这一常识就能理解sorrowssorrowssorrowssorrows的意思是的意思是的意思是的意思是 great sadness great sadness great sadness great sadness。5.5.5.5.含有生词的句子的含有生词的句子的含有生词的句子的含有生词的句子的前后句子前后句子前后句子前后句子也有助于理解该生词。也有助于理解该生词。也有助于理解该生词。也有助于理解该生词。I I I I dont dont dont dont like like like like violence violence violence violence but but but but in in in in 1963 1963 1963 1963 I I I I helped helped helped helped him him him him blow blow blow blow up up up up some some some some government government government government buildings.buildings.buildings.buildings.句句句句 子子子子 前前前前 半半半半 部部部部 分分分分 的的的的 violenceviolenceviolenceviolence和和和和 后后后后 半半半半 部部部部 分分分分 中中中中 的的的的government government government government buildingsbuildingsbuildingsbuildings有有有有助助助助于于于于解解解解释释释释 blow blow blow blow upupupup，意意意意思是思是思是思是“爆炸爆炸爆炸爆炸”。6.6.6.6.有时作者会用一个句子给生词有时作者会用一个句子给生词有时作者会用一个句子给生词有时作者会用一个句子给生词下定义下定义下定义下定义。She She She She wanted wanted wanted wanted baked baked baked baked clams clams clams clams for for for for her her her her appetizerappetizerappetizerappetizer.An appetizer is the first course of a meal.An appetizer is the first course of a meal.An appetizer is the first course of a meal.An appetizer is the first course of a meal.第第第第二二二二个个个个词词词词用用用用来来来来给给给给appetizerappetizerappetizerappetizer下下下下定定定定义义义义，由由由由此此此此学学学学生生生生便便便便知知知知道道道道appetizerappetizerappetizerappetizer是开胃菜。是开胃菜。是开胃菜。是开胃菜。7.7.7.7.举举举举例例例例也也也也是是是是解解解解释释释释生生生生词词词词的的的的好好好好方方方方法法法法，经经经经常常常常被被被被有有有有些些些些作作作作者者者者所所所所使用使用使用使用 LegumesLegumesLegumesLegumes,like like like like string string string string beans,beans,beans,beans,lima lima lima lima beans,beans,beans,beans,and and and and green peas are important in your diet.green peas are important in your diet.green peas are important in your diet.green peas are important in your diet.尽尽尽尽管管管管句句句句子子子子中中中中并并并并没没没没有有有有直直直直接接接接说说说说明明明明 legumelegumelegumelegume是是是是一一一一类类类类植植植植物物物物的的的的名名名名称称称称，但但但但是是是是从从从从所所所所举举举举例例例例证证证证中中中中可可可可以以以以推推推推断断断断：legumelegumelegumelegume是是是是a a a a name for a group of vegetables with podsname for a group of vegetables with podsname for a group of vegetables with podsname for a group of vegetables with pods。8.8.8.8.有时作者会用学生有时作者会用学生有时作者会用学生有时作者会用学生熟悉的词或短语来解释熟悉的词或短语来解释熟悉的词或短语来解释熟悉的词或短语来解释生词。生词。生词。生词。The The The The mayor mayor mayor mayor wanted wanted wanted wanted privacyprivacyprivacyprivacy because because because because he he he he knew knew knew knew that that that that being being being being alone alone alone alone would would would would help help help help him him him him solve solve solve solve his his his his problems.problems.problems.problems.句中句中句中句中privacyprivacyprivacyprivacy指的是指的是指的是指的是being alonebeing alonebeing alonebeing alone。词义教学方法词义教学方法n n直观教学直观教学 例例如如，文文章章中中图图片片、图图画画、标标志志、标标牌牌等等有有助助于于学学生生理理解解生生词词的的意意义义。阅阅读读文文章章之之前前，不不妨妨让让学学生生先先讨讨论论一一下下文文中中出出现现的的图图片片、标标志志等等，所所要要学学习习的的生生词词也也就就在在这这过过程程之之中中理理解了。解了。n n 运运用用构构词词法法研研究究词词根根、前前缀缀、后后缀缀、合合成成等等构构词词方方法法是是帮帮助助学学生生理理解解生生词词含含义义的的有有效效途途径径。例例如如：学学生生学学过过了了artart，知知道道它它的的意意思思是是“艺艺术术；技技艺艺；诡诡计计”，就就不不难难理理解解 artistartist，artistic artistic 或或 artful artful 的意思了。的意思了。图画辅助（视觉手段）图画辅助（视觉手段）按照构词法成串学习和记忆1.1.合成词合成词2.2.2.派生词派生词同根词比较同根词比较 派生词的相互转换派生词的相互转换组块学习法组块学习法心理学家提出心理学家提出“组块组块”理论。理论。Lewis把词把词块分为单词和短语、搭配、惯用话语块分为单词和短语、搭配、惯用话语和句子框架等四种。固定组块如：和句子框架等四种。固定组块如：at risk,make up ones mind,get accustomed to,so long as,the man in the shop,It is said that,etc.这种方法不仅帮助学生记忆词汇，还可这种方法不仅帮助学生记忆词汇，还可帮助他们用英语思维和表达。帮助他们用英语思维和表达。使用词典使用词典词典是学生学习词汇的良师益友。词典是学生学习词汇的良师益友。根据上下文可从词典中找到词义，并能根据上下文可从词典中找到词义，并能找到单词的发音、拼写、词形变化、找到单词的发音、拼写、词形变化、用法、词义辨析等。用法、词义辨析等。常见的词典有：常见的词典有：世纪版新英汉词典世纪版新英汉词典牛津高阶英汉双解词典第七版牛津高阶英汉双解词典第七版 朗文当代高级英语辞典朗文当代高级英语辞典类比类比英语中一词多义现象很普遍，还有同义词或英语中一词多义现象很普遍，还有同义词或近义词、反义词等，让学生主动探究掌握近义词、反义词等，让学生主动探究掌握其规律。其规律。一词多义：如一词多义：如check有有30多个意思（多个意思（check our facts,write a check to pay bills,get a checkup at the doctors)同义词不一定是绝对同义的，他们所表达的同义词不一定是绝对同义的，他们所表达的意思常有差异。例如意思常有差异。例如joyous所表达的高兴程所表达的高兴程度比度比happy要强得多。要强得多。近义词比较近义词比较反义词比较反义词比较 联想成串记忆联想成串记忆列举归类法列举归类法 归纳归纳 字谜字谜游戏游戏词汇教学中的问题词汇教学中的问题n n高中词汇量大，是否需要平均使用力量？高中词汇量大，是否需要平均使用力量？如何区分层次、抓重点？如何区分层次、抓重点？n n如何看待词汇表的功能？高中学生怎样才如何看待词汇表的功能？高中学生怎样才能有效的使用词汇表？能有效的使用词汇表？n n如何提高词汇的复现率？如何提高词汇的复现率？n n如何开辟多渠道加强词汇的记忆和扩大词如何开辟多渠道加强词汇的记忆和扩大词汇量？汇量？