《被动语态专题》PPT课件.ppt

被动语态专题被动语态专题谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系和谓语动作之间的关系-1 1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；的关系称为主动语态；2 2）当句子）当句子的主语是谓语动作的的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：为被动语态。例如：English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（I teach English.（主动语态）（主动语态）我教英语。我教英语。Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）我们的英语是由他（被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。教的。He speaks English.（主动语态）（主动语态）他说英文。他说英文。在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是的结构是be+p.p.be+p.p.（过去分词）（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在这个变化反映在bebe动词上。也就动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出的句子，只需要写出BEBE动词的所动词的所需时态，再加上所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去给动词的过去分词就行了。分词就行了。那么，下面我们来看看那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：在各种时态中的变化形式：一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were 一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will+be 过去将来时过去将来时 would/should+be 现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are+being 过去进行时过去进行时 was/were+being 现在完成时现在完成时 have/has+been 过去完成时过去完成时 had+been 1.一般一般现在时被动语态：现在时被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，及物动词的过去分词，（be是助动词）是助动词）e.g:English is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school?The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A.considers B.is considering C.is considered D.has considered 2.一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去分词分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.My bike wasnt made in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine made in Shenzhen?注意：被动语态中注意：被动语态中be的形式的形式是由主语决定的是由主语决定的一般过去时态：一般过去时态：was/were+过去过去分词分词John _,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was punished 3.情态动词的被语态：情态动词的被语态：must/can/may+be+动词的动词的过去分词过去分词e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be taken out of the room?This job must be finished on time.现在进行时态：现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.Rooms _.A.are painting B.are painted C.are being painting D.D.are being painted 过去进行时态：过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词过去分词Mr.Wu was in hospital.When we went to seehim,he_on.A.operated B.was operated C.was operating D.was being operated 一般将来时态：一般将来时态：will+be+过去分过去分词词The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.would finish过去将来时态：过去将来时态：would+be+过过去分词去分词The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long.A.invited B.had invited C.was inviting D.would be invited 现在完成时态：现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去分词With the help of the Hope Project,more and more new schools _ in the poor area.A.built B.have built C.have been built D.have been building过去完成时态：过去完成时态：had+been+过过去分词去分词 He came out and told us that the work _.A.finished B.was finished C.had finished D.had been finished 情态动词：情态动词：情态动词情态动词+be+过去分过去分词词The programmes _ if you use a short wave radio.A.can pick up B.pick up C.picked up D.can be picked up 小窍门：小窍门：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：构成：be +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示时态 表示被动表示被动 要变化要变化 不变化不变化 3.何时用被动语态何时用被动语态a)不知道或没必要知道动作的执者。不知道或没必要知道动作的执者。The book was first published in the late 1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。不便说出动作的执行者。The plan was generally considered impractical.3.何时用被动语态何时用被动语态c)突出动作的承受者。突出动作的承受者。She is respected by all the workers of the factory.d)汉语中的无主语，在英语中用汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态被动语态。Smoking is not allowed in public places4.不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况：1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：意：happen,occur,take placeThe story was happened in 1934.(）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fit I have a new bike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；）连系动词不用被动语态；The story is sounded true.()4）有些短语不用被动语态）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best,make a face,make room(腾位子）腾位子）make up ones mindbelong to5.特殊情况特殊情况（考试重点（考试重点）1）感官动词）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形用主动形式表示被动。式表示被动。How sweet the music sounds!Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.5.特殊情况特殊情况（考试重点（考试重点）2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、drink、wash、open/shut常用主动形式表被动意常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词义。尤其是有副词 well,easily时。时。The book sells well.这本书销路这本书销路很好。很好。The door will not open.(这扇这扇门就是打不开。门就是打不开。)This dress washes better.The sign reads as follows.(这这牌子告示如下。牌子告示如下。)3）在）在“主主 be 形容词不定形容词不定式式”的结构中，尽管主语是不定的结构中，尽管主语是不定式动词动作的承受者。式动词动作的承受者。e.g.He is easy to get along with.The sentence is difficult to understand.The question is easy to answer.4).be to blame be to let e.g.He is to blame for the broken window.This house is to let.(出租出租)5）need,demand,want(需要）需要）,require,be worth等后用动名词等后用动名词表被动。表被动。The desk needs repairing.The novel is worth seeing.注意：注意：need后可接动名词表被动，后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分用动词不定式的但若有附加成分用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：被动形式。比较：The desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.注意动名词的被注意动名词的被动形式，（动形式，（being done)Nobody likes being laughed of.没人喜欢被嘲笑。没人喜欢被嘲笑。5)be worth doing e.g.The book is worth reading.二二 被动语态的几种类型：被动语态的几种类型：1主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in the shop yesterday.2主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态 Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book was given to me by Jim.3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态动语态 Mother told me not to be late.I was told not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden.They made him work 12 hours a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day.4.短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby.The baby can be taken good care of.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”的句子没有被动语的句子没有被动语态态there be 句型没有被动语态句型没有被动语态被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在他藏在门后。门后。be lost迷路迷路be drunk喝醉喝醉be dressed穿着穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5 5）被动语态与系表结构的区别）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：主语的特点或状态。如：The book was sold by a The book was sold by a certain bookstorecertain bookstore.(.(被动语态被动语态)The book is well sold.The book is well sold.(系表结构系表结构)Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.MustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkeptThe traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _?5 If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _(grow)trees.7 The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade