新高考新人教版一轮复习一单元一课时强化训练 选择性必修 第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration课件.ppt

三十四选择性必修第四册三十四选择性必修第四册Unit 3Sea Exploration(限时限时35分钟分钟).阅读理解AScientistsspentthepast10yearsstudyinglifeintheoceans.Thismonth,theyreleasedtheresultsoftheirwork.Peopleoftensaythatthereareplentyoffishinthesea.Butuntilrecently,notevenscientistsknewhowmanycreatureslivedintheworldsoceans.Tenyearsago,agroupofscientistsdecidedtofinditout.“Weannouncedthatwewouldtrytoconductthefirst-everworldwidecensusofmarinelife,”theprojectsco-founder,JesseAusubel,toldTFK.“Itwasdaring,andpeopleresponded.”Overthenext10years,morethan2,700scientistsfrom80countriesworkedtogethertotrack,countandstudyseaspecies.Inareportthismonth,theysharedwhattheylearned.DecadesofDiscoveryScientistsbeganbyexploringtheseas.Alongtheway,theydiscoveredmanynewspecies.“Wefoundlifeeverywherewelooked,”sayscensusscientistsPatriciaMiloslavich.“Wehavegiven1,200newnamestoscience.”OnenamebelongstoatypeoffurrywhitecrabthatspendsitslifeatthebottomofthePacificOcean.Theunusualcreaturelivesinaworldoftotaldarkness.Anothernewspecies,anine-poundlobster,wasfoundintheIndianOcean,nearAfrica.“Itis surprising that an animal of that size would remain to be discovered.”saysAusubel.Scientistsalsodidresearchonland.Theyreadthrougholdrecords,includingscientificpapers,books,seafoodrestaurantmenusandfishermensjournals.Theirgoal:tofindoutwhichseacreatureslivedwhereinthepast.SnapshotoftheseaAftertenyearsofinvestigation,scientistsfoundthattheoceansareteemingwithlife.Theycounted250,000marinespecies.Theyhaveanestimateofhowmanymorespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000.“Mostofthesewillbesmall,”saysAusubel,“Therewontbeanymoregiantlobsters.”Theresearcherslearnedwhichunderwaterareashavethemostspecies.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhaveasmanyas33,000formsoflife.(Theaveragemarineareahasabout10,000species.)These“hotspots”forbiodiversityneedspecialattentionandprotection,saysMiloslavich.Theaccuratepictureofoceanlifewillhelpscientistsnoticechanges.“Thingswillbedifferentin10,20,30years,”saysAusubel.“Knowingwhatstherenowwillbehelpful.”Thecensusgivesusabetterunderstandingofthechallengesfacingouroceans.Manyoftheproblems,includingoverfishing,habitatdestructionandpollution,stemfrom(起源于)humanbehaviour.Environmentalistsareworkingtosetupprotectedareasinthesea,muchliketheparksthatconserve12%ofourland.“Weneedtoshowconcernfortheocean,”saysMiloslavich.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲了科学家从十年前就开始研究海洋生物种类,并介绍了研究的内容和基本过程。1.Why did the scientists read through old records,including scientific papers,books,seafoodrestaurantmenusandfishermensjournals?A.Togetmoreknowledgeabouttheseacreaturesout-looking.B.Toknowthelocationoftheseacreatureinthepast.C.Tofindoutwhichplacehasthemostseaspecies.D.Tofindoutwhichseacreaturewasalmostpopular.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“DecadesofDiscovery”中的最后一句可知,科学家这样做的目的在于发现过去海洋生物的分布情况。其余说法在文中均无信息支持。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“whopping”mean?A.Blurry(模糊的).B.Uncertain.C.Total.D.Enormous.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。750000是一个庞大的数字,其他选项与语境不符,故选D。3.WhichofthefollowingsayingsisRight?A.Thereareplentyofnewspecieswaitingforustofind.B.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhavetheleastspecies.C.Scientistswantedtogetnewfoodresourcesbydoingthisresearch.D.Thesescientistsonlydidresearchunderthesea.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“They havean estimate of how many morespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000”,可知据估计,还有约750000种新的海洋生物等待发现,由此可推知,尚未发现的海洋生物数量庞大。B项应改为“最多的”;C项说法无依据;D项说法错误,科学家还在陆地上进行研究。BItmaynotbequiteoldenoughtobetheworldsoldestlivingorganismthat“honor”goestothebristleconepinetree(aged5,000years)but,at4,000yearsofage,Leiopathesglaberrima,adeep-watercoralspecies,doessettherecordforbeingtheoldestanimallivingunderthesea.Located on the floor of the Pacific Ocean,off Hawaii,the 3 meters tall,(extremely)long-lived“black coral”could have some valuable clues about pastincidentsofclimatechange;specifically,itcouldbetterscientistsunderstandingofhow oceans draw down carbon dioxideand of ocean acidification in general.BrendanRoarkofTexasUniversity,wholedaresearchexpeditionin2006tostudythecoralsclimaterecords,presentedhisfindingsattherecentAAASmeeting.Howlongtheycanliveisanybodysguess,RoarktoldSciencesErikStokstadandhiscolleaguesusedradiocarbondatingtodeterminethecoralsage.Whatthissuggests,hesaid,isthattheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelryshouldbecompletelybanned;becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic(贫血的)rate,anylevelofharvestingwouldlikelywipeouttheremainingspecimensthosenotyetaffectedbyoceanacidification.Roark believes it could be possible to reconstruct records of subsurfacetemperaturevariabilityandoceancirculationchanges,whichwouldprovidesomeinsightonclimatechangeincidentsandhelppredictfutureeffects.Bycomparison,thatoceanquahogclamwementionedawhilebackaged405yearsseemsalmostsprightly.【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了海洋寿星Leiopathesglaberrima.这一深海珊瑚礁在水下已经待了4000多年,研究它对我们研究海洋意义很大。科学家也提出了保护海洋珊瑚的建议。4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theworldsoldestlivingorganism.B.Oldestanimalunderthesea.C.Howtoprotectthecorals.D.Agreatdiscovery.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文介绍了海洋的寿星,因此B项最合适。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clues”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Evidence.B.Treasure.C.Worth.D.Usage.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,Leiopathesglaberrima的发现对研究海洋提供有力的线索与证据。6.WhatisthevalueofthefindingoftheLeiopathesglaberrima?A.Itshowswhichistheoldestintheocean.B.Ithelpsthescientistsgetmoreinformationabouttheocean.C.Itshowswhytheweatherchangessomuch.D.Ithelpsthescientistsknowhowtolivelonger.【解析】选B。推理判断题。第二段讲述了发现Leiopathesglaberrima的意义,因此可以得出答案为B。7.Whyshouldtheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelrybecompletelybanned?A.Becausethejewelryhaslittlevalue.B.Becausethejewelryishardtoharvest.C.Becauseharvestingforthejewelrydoesgreatharmtodeep-watercoral.D.Becauseitisverydangerous.【解析】选C。推理判断题。从第三段中的“becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic rate,any level of harvesting would likely wipe out the remainingspecimens”可知,珊瑚的生长非常缓慢,稍微破坏就会导致物种灭绝。.阅读填句ScientistsCreateSpeechfromBrainSignalsScientistshavefoundawaytousebrainsignalstomakeacomputerspeakthewordsapersonistryingtosay.Someillnessesorinjuriescancausepeopletolosetheabilitytospeak.1,buttheyareslow.Onemethodallowsapersonto“type”bymovingtheireyesfromlettertolettertospelloutwords.Thetopspeedwiththismethodisabout10wordsperminute.Normalhumanspeechisabout150wordsperminute.Muchrecentresearchhasfocusedonadirectconnectionbetweensomeonesbrainandacomputer.2.FormanyBCIs,peoplehavewiresattachedtotheirbrains.Thisallowsscientiststotracktheelectricalsignalsinthebrainandconnectthemtocomputers.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF)decidedtofocusonthemusclespeopleweretryingtousewhentheyspoke.3.Epilepsy(癫痫)is a condition where unusual electrical activity in the brain can causeproblemswithapersonscontroloftheirbodyorsenses.Thereareabout100musclesusedforspeaking.Thescientistsknewroughlywhattheshapeofthemouthwouldhavetobetomakeeachsound.Thisallowedthemtofigureouthowthebrainsignalscontrolledthespeakingmuscles.Withthatinformationtheycould“decode”thebrainsignalstofindouthowthepersonwasmovingtheirmouth.4.Thescientistsweresurprisedathowclosetorealspeechthecomputerspeechwas.5,themusclesusedtomakeeachsoundarethesameforeveryone.Thatwillmakeiteasierforasystemlikethistohelpmanypeople.A.ThesepeoplecouldspeaknormallyB.Thisiscalleda“BrainComputerInterface”(BCI)C.TherearesomewaysforthesepeopletocommunicateD.TheUCSFsscientistsworkedwithagroupoffivepeoplewithepilepsyE.TheresmuchtolearnbeforeasystemlikethiscouldbeusedineverydaylifeF.OneimportantdiscoveryisthatthougheachpersonsbrainsignalsaredifferentG.Thenthescientistswereabletocreatecomputerspeechsoundsbasedonthepositionofthespeakingmuscles【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科研成果。科学家已经找到了一种方法,利用大脑信号让电脑说出一个人试图说的话。1.【解析】选C。利用同词复现策略确定答案。根据这句话后面的内容:一种方法允许一个人通过移动他们的眼睛拼出单词。此方法的最高速度约为每分钟10个单词。正常人类讲话是每分钟大约150个单词,所以这里选择C:有一些对于那些因为疾病而失去说话能力的人的沟通方式。C选项中的thesepeople指代空前失去说话能力的人,C选项中的ways和空后method是同义词复现。2.【解析】选B。利用同词复现策略确定答案。选项B中的词汇BCI,在空后出现,起到上下文衔接的作用;选项B的主语This指代上文。许多研究都集中在人的大脑和电脑之间的一个直接联系上,这称为“大脑电脑接口”。对于许多大脑电脑接口来说,人们有一些大脑电线,这使得科学家能够跟踪大脑中的电信号,并将它们连接到电脑上。3.【解析】选D。利用同词复现策略确定答案。D选项中的epilepsy在空后出现。加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们对五名癫痫病患者进行研究,癫痫病是大脑中异常的电活动导致大脑对人的身体或感官控制出现问题。4.【解析】选G。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。大约有100块肌肉用于说话。科学家们大致知道发出每个声音时嘴的形状是什么。这使他们能够找出大脑信号如何控制说话的肌肉。有了那个信息,他们可以“解码”大脑信号,以找出人是如何移动他们的嘴。然后,科学家们能够根据说话肌肉的位置来创造计算机语音。科学家们对计算机产生的语音与真实语音的接近程度感到惊讶。5.【解析】选F。根据标点符号以及反义词复现策略确定答案。F选项中的different与后半句话中的thesame构成一对反义词。一个重要的发现是,虽然每个人的大脑信号是不同的,但是每个人用来发出声音的肌肉是相同的。.应用文写作红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况,计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座,请你代表社区写一封公开信,内容包括:1.垃圾分类的好处;2.讲座具体时间和地点;3.邀请居民参加。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数;3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:垃圾分类garbageclassificationDearsirormadam,Imwritingthislettertocallonattentiontothecommunitylectureconcerninggarbageclassification._Yours,HongqiCommunity【参考范文】Dearsirormadam,Imwritingthislettertocallonattentiontothecommunitylectureconcerninggarbageclassification.Giventhatmostneighborsfailtoclassifygarbageproperlythoughtheyreallytryto,ourcommunitywillorganizethislectureinanattempttoguidethisdeed.Garbageclassificationisofgreatsignificance.Firstly,notonlycanitcopewithpollutionissueeffectivelybutmorespaceoriginallyoccupiedbywastelandwillbespared.Secondly,wecanundeniablymakeadifferencebytakingadvantageofrecyclablegarbage.Tofulfillyourobligationtoliveaneco-life,comeandjoininthelecturetobegivenat3p.m.nextSundayontheplaygroundofHongqiPrimarySchool.Onlywithcombinedeffortscanwemakeourneighborhoodbetter.Yours,HongqiCommunity