牛津译林版8BUnit7Grammarppt课件.ppt

Passive voice in the simple present and past tensesUnit 7 Unit 7 International charitiesInternational charities学习目标：1.了解使用被动语态的语境。了解使用被动语态的语境。2.2.掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。时和一般过去时。语态：表示语态：表示语态：表示语态：表示主语主语主语主语和和和和谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有英语有英语有两种语态两种语态两种语态两种语态，即，即，即，即主动语态主动语态主动语态主动语态和和和和被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态。1.主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)2.一般现在时态的基本结构：一般现在时态的基本结构：am/is/are+P.P 一般过去时态的基本结构：一般过去时态的基本结构：was/were +P.PRubbish _ _(collect)every morning.Two men _ _(take)to hospital last night.语态语态is collectedwere taken1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done 3.被动语态的基本结构：被动语态的基本结构：be+P.P+(by sb)She waters the flowers every day.主主 谓谓 宾宾The flowers are watered by her every day.主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态宾语宾语 谓语谓语 主语主语 其他 抄下来主语主语be+P.Pby+宾语宾语by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词1.They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedA computerwas bought 4.look.smell.sound .feel .taste 等动词时等动词时，主动形式表被动意义。，主动形式表被动意义。The dish _ good.A.smells B.is smelt 其它的动词还有：其它的动词还有：read/write/sell/wash/cook/主动表被主动表被动动,常和well/easily 等副词连用。这笔很好用。这笔很好用。This pen writes well.A5.5.5.5.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，不用不用不用不用to;to;to;to;在在在在被动语态中被动语态中被动语态中被动语态中用用用用to.to.to.to.如如如如hear/watch/see/hear/watch/see/hear/watch/see/hear/watch/see/make/let make/let make/let make/let,make make sbsb dodo sth-sbsth-sb be made _do be made _do sthsth.A.to B./.A.to B./see see sbsb do do sthsthsbsb be seen _ do be seen _ do sthsth.AA【考点】【考点】make sb.dolet sb.do see sb.dohear sb.dowatch sb.dosb be made to do sb be let to dosb be seen to dosb be heard to dosb be watched to do主动主动被动被动1.Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells感官动词感官动词,和和sell,write等动词用等动词用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动.2.The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish litter everywhere.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen to throw C.made;saw 什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：出动作的执行者时。例如：Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：行者时。例如：My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 are planned to help the poorWhat they do every year1.Charity activities _(plan/to help the poor).are handed out to peopleLeaflets _ _(hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).in the street by volunteersToys and CDs _(sell/to raise money).are sold to raise moneyWhat they did last weekNew books _ _(send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1,Grade 8 students).were sent to children in poorareas by the Class 1,Grade 8 studentsWarm clothes _(collect/for poor people).were collected for poor peopleA charity show _(hold/the Students Union).was held by the Students UnionAmy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.Amy:Im reading a book about Oxfam.Daniel:Really?Please tell me about it.Amy:OK.Oxfam _(set up)in the UK in 1942,and the first Oxfam shop _(open)in 1948.Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world.A lot of things _(sell)in Oxfam shops,including books.The money _(use)by Oxfam to help poor people.was set up was openedare soldis usedDaniel:Thats good.There are also some charity projects in China.One of them _(call)Project Hope.It _(start)in 1989.With its help,millions of poor children all over the country _(give)basic education.is called was started are givenAmy:Yea.Many schools _(build)in poor areas each year.are built一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：am/is/are+done was/were +done以下时态的被动语态构成以下时态的被动语态构成SummaryTask 4被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:考点考点:被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1.1.带带双宾语双宾语句子的被动语态句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for for 或或 toto如：如：1.He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by Tom.2.I bought him a book.He was bought a book by me.A book was buoght for him by me.give sb.sth buy sb sth-sb be given sth sb be bought sth-sth be given to sb.sth be bought for sb.【考点考点】give sb.sth.pass sb.sth.sell sb.sth.lend sb.sth.bring sb.sth.make sb.sth.buy sb.sth.Sth be given to sb.Sth.be passed to sb.Sth.be sold to sb.Sth.be lent to sb.Sth.be brought to sb.Sth.be made for sb.Sth.be bought for sb.主动主动被动被动【考点】【考点】sb be asked to dosb be told to dosb be invited to dosb be chosen to dosb be encouraged to dosb be allowed to doask sb.to dotell sb.to doinvite sb.to dochoose sb.to doencourage sb.to doallow sb.to do主动主动被动被动2.主动语态为带主动语态为带to的动词不定式的动词不定式Mum told me to stay at home.I was told to stay at home.They take good care of my child.I turned off the radio.3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词-My child is taken good care of.-The radio was turned off(by me).【考点】【考点】look for look aftertake care ofhand inlaugh atspeak tobe looked forbe looked afterbe taken care ofbe handed inbe laughed atbe spoken to不要漏掉介词不要漏掉介词.典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过过去去分分词词见见一一个个背背一一个个1.Children are _.A.take good care of B.taken good care C.taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词介词或副词典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过过去去分分词词见见一一个个背背一一个个10.Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed可以用可以用-ing形式表示被动形式表示被动need to be done =need doing典型例题典型例题巩固练习巩固练习练习回顾练习回顾过过去去分分词词见见一一个个背背一一个个填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空）1.They often clean their classroom after school.（改为被动语态）（改为被动语态）Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.（同上）（同上）A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.iscleanedwas given byPractice3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us1.Review the contents of this lesson.2.Finish the exercises in the workbook.3.Preview the next lesson.