国际商务英语简要和课后答案.pdf
International Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA.B.C.D.Differences in legal systemsDifferences in currenciesDifferences in cultural backgroundDifferent in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA.Tradea.b.Commodity tradeService tradeB.Investmenta.b.Foreign direct investmentPortfolio investmentC.Other typesa.b.c.Licensing and franchisingManagement contract and contract manufacturingTurnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area关税区：2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visible trade有形贸易:The form of commodity trade,.exporting andimporting goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another,(including cash transaction-by means of money and market,and counter trade)4.Invisible trade无形贸易：The form of transportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI外国直接投资：Foreign direct investments.Returns through controlling the enterprisesor assets invested in a host country./.One country acquires assets in a foreign country forthe purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolio investment证券投资:Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose otherthan controlling.7.8.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the moneylent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity(票据等)至U期10.Certificate of deposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:In licensing,a firm leases the right to use itsintellectual property to a firm in another country.They chooselicensing because they do not have to make cash payments to statbusiness,and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12.Franchising特许经营:Under franchising,franchisee is allowed tooperate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brandnames,logos and operating techniques for royalty.13.Trade Mark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks,brand names,logosand operating techniques for royalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name ofanother.21.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract,one companyparticular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevantoffers managerial or other specialized services to another within abusiness volume.22.Value chain价值链23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程:For an international turnkey project,a firm signs acontract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing,contracting and facilityequipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24.BOT建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate,Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty许可使用费28.International investment国际投资:Supplying capital by residents ofone country to another.29.Contract manufacturing承包生产30.GATT关贸总协定:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.International business国际商务:Transaction between parties fromdifferent countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of thesame country is also regarded as import and export.32.Intellectual property知识产权33.Oil deposit:石油储备=oil reserves34.the reserves of natural resources自然资源储备35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answer the following questions:1.What does international business refer to Please tell the difference between internationalbusiness and domestic business.A:International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is alsoregarded as import and export.Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:(1)Differences in legal systems(2)Differences in currencies(3)Differences in cultural background(4)Different in natural and economic conditions2.Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade.Which is becomingmore and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international tradeA:Visible trade is the form of commodity trade.The form of transportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.The later is become more and more important.3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences ininternational businessA:Cultural differences including language,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavior etc.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment.What is their major differenceA:FDI(Foreign direct investment)is madefor returns through controlling the enterprises orassets invested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreignfinancial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Such financial assets may be stocks,bondsor certificates of deposit.5.What is licensing Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign marketA:In licensing,a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in anothercountry.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business,and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.Besides,they can benefit from locationaladvantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.The use oflicensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part ofthe host country.6.What is franchising How is it different from licensingA:Under franchising,franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser whoprovides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos and operating techniques for royalty.Incomparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee,the franchiser has morecontrol over and provides more support for the franchisee.7.What is a management contract Under what conditions is it most applicableA:Under a management contract,one company offers managerial or other specialized services toanother within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant businessvolume.Whena government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be ofstrategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation,management contracts maybe a practicalchoice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.8.What is an international turnkey project In what way is its variantBOT different from itA:For an international turnkey project,a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser andundertakes all the designing,contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to thelatter upon completion.For a BOT project,a firm operates a facility for a period of time afterbuilding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operatingthe project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey projectTranslate the following sentences into English:1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries.It involvesmore factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存 在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，益于个人的进步。这既有益于企业的发展又有With the development of economic globalization,few people or companies can completely stay awayfrom international business.Therefore,some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for thebenefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are management contract,contractmanufacturing and turnkey project.4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade,.exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方Besides trade and investment,internationallicensing and franchisingaresometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.Lesson 2Income Level and the World MarketBusiness Knowledge:(1)GNP and GDP(2)Per capita income and per capita GDP(3)High-income,middle income and low-income countriesA.Standards for classificationB.Representative countries(4)Triad and QuadA.United StatesB.Western EuropeC.JapanD.Canada(5)Other important markets for ChinaTrade Terms:1.GNP国民生产总值:Gross national Product.The market value of goodsand servicesproduced by the property and labor owned by the residentsof an economy.2.GDP国内生产总值:Gross Domestic Product.The market value of all goodsand services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3.National income国民收入4.Per capita income人均收入5.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值:It is calculated by dividing its totalGDP by its population,which reveals the average income level of consumers.6.PPP购买力平价:Purchasing power parity7.Consumerism消费主义8.Income distribution收入分布:The proportions of its rich,middleincome and poor people.9.Infra structure基础设施10.Staple goods大路货11.Invoice(开)发票12.Creditor country债权国13.OECD经 合 组 织，经 济 合 作 与 开 发 组 织:Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.14.The Commonwealth of Independent States独联体，独立国家联合体15.ASEAN东 盟，东 南 亚 国 家 联 盟:Association of Southeast AsianNationals.16.NIEs(亚洲四小虎)：Newly Industrialized Economies17.Factors of production生产要素Answer the following questions:1.Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out theirmajor difference.Can we use them interchangeablyA:GNP(Gross national Product)refers to the market value of goods and services produced by theproperty and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP(Gross Domestic Product)measures themarket value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Thedifference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factorsof production while GDPconcentrates on the place where production takes place.The differencebetween GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases.Therefore,we can use theminterchangeably.2.In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential ofa particular marketA:Total GDPindicates the overall size of an economy,which is important in market assessment fordurable equipment or bulk goods(grain,steel or cement).Per capita GDPreveals the average incomelevel of consumers,which is important when marketing consumer durables.3.What are meant by high income,middle income,and low-income countries according to the WorldBank Cite some examples for each group.A:High-income countries:those enjoying annual per capita income of$9386 and above.In thisgroup comprise three types of countries;most members of OECD,rich oil producing countries of theMiddle East,small-industrialized countries or regions.Middle-income countries:those with annual per capita income below$9386 but above$765.Included in this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth ofIndependent States,six OECD members,quite a number of Latin American countries and somecomparatively developed countries in Asia,South Africa and oil-producing countries in African.Low-income countries:those that have per capita incomes of only$765 or even less.Most Africancountries,some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group.4.Why a re high-income countries important to trade and investment Should we neglect low-incomecountries in international businessA:High-income countries often have good infrastructure,high purchasing power,and advancedtechnology,efficient management and favorable environment for trade and investment.They offerprime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinationsof investment.In international trade the low-income countries should not be neglected,because they constitutemarkets for lower-priced staple goods,provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources.Oncetapped,the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.China a low-income country a few years ago How about nowA:China with a per capita income of over$1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.does the termaTriad refers to What is meant by QuadA:The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world;theUnited States,the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities.The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.7.How much do you know about OECD Please make a brief account.A:OECDneans Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.The organization is included29 members,23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries.Theheadquarters is in Paris.8.What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunitiesA:So far as China is concerned,other markets we should pay particular attention to are thosearound us:the Four Tigers,the ASEAN countries,Russia,India and a bit farther away Australia.These countries or regions either have richconsumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising marketpotential.And their geographical proximity to China is a great advantage for us in developingbusiness relations with them.Translate the following sentences into English:1.民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者 强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNRand GDPare two important concepts used to indicate a country s total income.The differencebetween them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latterconcentrates on the country where production takes place.2.要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的 购买力高低提供了线索。In assessing the potential of a country as a market,people often look at per capita income sinceit provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国 家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income,middle-income and low-income economies.4.中国现在年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。China with a per capita income of over$1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-incomecountry just a few years ago.5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned,other markets we should pay particular attention to are those aroundus:the Four Tigers,the ASEAN countries,Russia,etc.These countries with very promising marketpotential and can offer good business opportunities to China.Lesson 3Regional Economic IntegrationBusiness Knowledge:(1)Major objectives of regional integration*(2)For levels of regional economic integrationA.Free trade areaB.Customs unionC.Common marketD.Economic union(3)European Union(EU)(4)Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)(5)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)Trade Terms:2.Free trade area自由贸易区:The members remove barriers to trade among1.Economic integration经济一体化16.themselves while still adopts each own external policy3.Customs union关税同盟:The members re
