2019考研英语二真题试卷[].pdf
.20212021 考研英语二试题考研英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,Bmark A,B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweight fluctuations1,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt morethat it2.As for me,weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from beinggenerally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale.That was bad tomy overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinkingonly of4the number on the scale,I altered my training program.Thatconflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of thehard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to amonth to notice any significant changes in your weight 7altering your trainingprogram.The most8changes will be observed in skill level,strength andinches lost.For these9I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthlyweighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for metollmy weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to 13my trainingprogram.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition aswell.If my training intensity remains the same,but Im constantly 15and droppingweight,this is a 16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overallhealth,fitness and well-being.Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since Ino longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in.Ive also experienced greatersuccess in achieving my specific fitness goals.19Im training according to thosegoals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale,turn your focus to how you kook,feel,howyou clothes fit and your overall energy level.精品.1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps3.A solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.A loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition7.A.regardless ofB.aside from C.along with D.due to8.A.rigidB.precise C.immediate D.orderly9.A.judgmentsB.reasons C.methods D.claims10.A.thoughB.again C.indeed D.instead11.A.trackB.overlook C.concealD.report12.A.approve ofB.hold onto C.account forD.depend on13.A.shareB.adjust C.confirmD prepare14.A.featuresB.rules C.testsD results15.A anxiousB.hungryC.sick D.bored16.A.secretB beliefC.signD.principle17.A.necessityB.decision C.wishD.request18.A.surprisingB.restricting C.consuming D.disappointing19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A DirectionsPart A Directions.精品.ReadRead thethe followingfollowing fourfour texts.texts.AnswerAnswer thethe questionsquestions afterafter eacheach texttext bybychoosing A,Bchoosing A,B，C or D.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(40 points)C or D.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(40 points)Text 1Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges alittle later,in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children arent born knowing how to say Im sorry;rather,they learn over timethat such statements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences.This iswhy researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be agood thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeplyuncomfortable-its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.There has been a kind of revival or a rethinkingabout what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,says Amrisha Vaish,a psychologyresearcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a largerrecognition that emotions arent binary-feelings that may be advantageous in onecontext may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may haveevolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,canencourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychologyprofessor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for anemotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kidswho are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitutefor low guilt.In a 2021 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiverassessments and the childrens self-observations,she rated each childs overallsympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moraltransgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance toshared them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much theyshared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones.精品.shared more,even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to theother childs deprivation Thats good news,Malti says.We can be prosocial because we caused harmand we feel regret.21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_A)foster a childs moral developmentB)regulate a childs basic emotionsC)improve a childs intellectual abilityD)intensity a childs positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2,many people still consider guilt to be_A)inexcusableB)deceptionC)addictiveD)burdensome23.Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness thatA)emotions air context-independentB)an emotion can play opposing rolesC)emotion are socially constructiveD)emotional stability can benefit health24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharingA.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can result from either sympathy or guilt.精品.C.can bring about emotional satisfactionD.may be the outcome of impulsive aets25.The word transgressions(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to_A.TeachingsB,discussionsC.RestrictionsD.D.wrongdoingsText 2Text 2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight againstclimate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of thecarbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climatechange we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbonthan they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap.but it involves striking a subtlebalance.Helping forests flourish as valuablecarbon sinks long into the future mayrequire reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now,California is leading the way,asit does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out youngtrees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carryingcapacity.But the remaining trees draw agreater share of the available moisture,sothey grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered lesseasily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2021,droughtand insects have killed over 100million trees in California,most of them in 2021alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2021,and 60,00 by2030-financed from the proceeds of the state s emissions-permit auctions,Thats.精品.only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres inall,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from theforests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles thatwould otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels isalready under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionallytheyve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Onlyrecently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Califormias plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,shouldserve as a model.26.By saying one of the harder challenges,the author implies that_A.global climate change may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable carbon sinks,we may need to_A.preserve the diversity of species in themB.accelerate the growth of young treesC.strike a balance among different plantsD.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors toA.cultivate more drought-resistant treesB.reduce the density of some of its forestsC.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.restore its forests quickly after wildfires.精品.29.What is essential to Californias plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger firstB.To carry it out before the year of 2021C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support30.The authors attitude to Californias plan can best be described as_.A.AmbiguousB.TolerantC.SupportiveD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for severalyears.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rulesfor farm works.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa foragricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and changejobs within the industry.If this doesnt change.American businessesmunities,andconsumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer suchworkers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce arechanging.Todays farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are morelikely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single,Theyre also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers wereover the age of 35.Now more than half are.And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as its been allalong:Native U.S.workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer eithernot yet,at least.Production ofcom,cotton,rice,soybeans,and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many.精品.high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairyfarms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they reautomated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workersusing the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce.Starting around 2021,requestsfor the visas rose sharply;from 2021 to 2021 the number of visas issued more thandoubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagriculturalwork which is limited to 66,000 a year.Even so,employers complain they arentgiven all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive onthe job 22 days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,whichremove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2021 survey,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisinand berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers haveresponded by moving operations to Mexico.From 1998-2000,14.5 percent of thefruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share ofimported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is_A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborers.精品.D.the aging of immigrant farm workers33,What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S farming?A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.B.To get native U.S.workers back to farming.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for farmers.34,Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA.slow granting proceduresB.limit on duration of stayC.tightened requirementsD.control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A.U.S.Agriculture in Decline?B.Import Food or Labor?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs.Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message foryou:Its easy to beat plastic.Theyre part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new videofor World Environment Day encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out yoursingle-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.精品.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day doinclude a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But theoverarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense ofwhat needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have done our bit without everprogressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions a kind of moral licensingthat allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward itremains centered on shopping bags and straws,were ignoring the balance of powerthat implies that as consumers we must shop sustainably,rather than ascitizenshold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.Its important to acknowledge that the environment isnt everyones priority-oreven most peoples.We shouldnt expect it to be.In her latest book,
