小学英语动词及专项训练.pdf

小 学 英 语 动 词 及 专 项 训 练(共 7 页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-小学英语动词及专项训练小学英语动词及专项训练1.1.动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如 ask,walkask,walk 等等2.2.动词的分类：动词的分类：（1 1）实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如）实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如 openopen，hold,learnhold,learn（2 2）系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状）系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：态、性质、特征等：bebe 动词动词（3 3）助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动）助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：dodo、willwill、shouldshould、wouldwould（4 4）情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。）情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：mustmust、cancan、couldcould、maymay、willwill3.3.动词的基本形式动词的基本形式（1 1）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：havehave、cutcut、seesee（2 2）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。似。A.A.直接加“直接加“s s”：read-reads leave-leavesread-reads leave-leaves B.B.以以 e e 结尾的动词，直接加“结尾的动词，直接加“s s”:come-comes close-closes:come-comes close-closes C.C.以以 s.x.sh.s.x.sh.结尾的单词结尾的单词,加“加“eses”:watch-watches fix-fixes wash-:watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goeswashes go-goes D.D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y y”为“”为“i i”,再加“再加“eses”:cry-cries:cry-cries E.E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s s”:play-plays:play-plays（3 3）过去式的变化规则：）过去式的变化规则：A.A.直接加“直接加“eded”：look-looked watch-watchedlook-looked watch-watched B.B.以以 e e 结尾的动词，直接加“结尾的动词，直接加“d d”:live-lived love-loved:live-lived love-loved C.C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y y”为“”为“i i”,再加“再加“eded”:cry-cried:cry-cried D.D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s s”:play-played:play-played E.E.动词不规则变化表动词不规则变化表InfinitiveInfinitivePastPasttensetenseInfinitiveInfinitivePast tensePast tense1.am,is1.am,iswaswas 2.2.keepkeepkeptkept3.are3.arewerewere 4.4.letletletlet5.become5.become became became6.6.makemake made made27.begin7.begin began began8.8.meetmeet met met9.bite9.bite bit bit10.10.putput put put11.blow11.blow blew blew12.12.readread read read13.buy13.buyrideride15.catch15.catch caught e came camesaysay19.cost19.costseesee21.cut21.cutsingsing dug dugsitsit did didsleepsleep27.draw27.draw drew drewspeakspeak29.drink29.drink drank dranksweepsweep31.eat31.eattaketake bought bought rode rode ran ran said said cost cost saw saw cut cut sang sang sat sat slept slept took took314.14.16.16.18.18.20.20.22.22.24.24.26.26.28.28.30.30.32.32.spoke spoke swept swept ate ate33.33.fallfall fell felltaughttaught35.feed35.feed fed fed36.36.telltell told told felt felt thought thought39.fly39.fly flew flew40.40.throwthrow threw threw forgot forgot understood understood43.get43.get got got44.44.givegive gave gave45.wake45.wake woke woke46.46.gogo went went47.wear47.wear wore wore48.48.growgrow grew grew49.win49.winwonwon50.50.have/hashave/has had had51.write51.write wrote wrote52.52.knowknow knew knew53.break broke53.break broke4.4.动词的时态动词的时态一、一般现在时一、一般现在时:表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。结构：结构：1.1.动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如 TonyTony，hehe，sheshe），动作词用第三），动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加人称单数形式，即加 s s 或或 es;es;在主语前加在主语前加 do,doesdo,does 帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加在动作词前加 dondont,doesnt,doesnt t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2.2.句子中没动作词时，用句子中没动作词时，用 bebe 动词：动词：is,am,areis,am,are；is,am,are is,am,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。43.3.情态动词情态动词 can,may,shouldcan,may,should，mustmust 引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；can,may,should can,may,should，mustmust 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；can,may,should,mustcan,may,should,must 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。4.4.肯定祈使：动词原形肯定祈使：动词原形+其它其它否定祈使句：否定祈使句：DonDont+t+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 5 5感叹句：感叹句：What a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beautiful flowers!What a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beautiful flowers!What+(What+(形形)名名How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautiful the flowers are!How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautiful the flowers are!How+How+形形A.A.肯定句：肯定句：(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 We come from China.We come from China.(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+Vs+Vs+其它其它 He comes from China.He comes from China.主语主语+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+其它其它 We are from China.We are from China.主语主语+情态动词情态动词(can,may,should,must)+V+(can,may,should,must)+V+其它其它 She must go.She must go.B.B.否定句：否定句：(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+don+dont+V+t+V+其它其它 We don We don t come from China.t come from China.(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+doesn+doesn t+V+t+V+其它其它He doesnHe doesn t come from China.t come from China.主语主语+be(is,am,are)not+be(is,am,are)not+其它其它 I I arentarent from China.from China.主语主语+情态动词情态动词(can,may,should,must)+not+V+(can,may,should,must)+not+V+其它其它C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Do+Do+(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Do you come from China?Do you come from China?Does+Does+(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+Vs+Vs+其它其它 Does he come from China?Does he come from China?be(Is,Am,Are)+be(Is,Am,Are)+主语主语+其它其它 Are you from China?Are you from China?情态动词情态动词(Can,May,Should,Must)(Can,May,Should,Must)+主语主语+V+V+其它其它She cant go.She cant go.D D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+do+(+do+(非第三人称单数非第三人称单数)主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Where do you come from?Where do you come from?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+does+(+does+(第三人称单数第三人称单数)主语主语+Vs+Vs+其它其它 Where does he come from?Where does he come from?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+主语主语+其它其它Where are you from?Where are you from?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+情态动词情态动词(Can,May,Should,Must)+(Can,May,Should,Must)+主语主语+V+V+其它其它Can she go?Can she go?二、现在进行时二、现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：结构：1.be1.be 动词动词(is,am,are)+(is,am,are)+动词动词 ing(ing(现在分词现在分词)；is,am,are is,am,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加 inging；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面的动词加帮助否定句，后面的动词加 inging。A.A.肯定句肯定句:主语主语+be+be（is,am,areis,am,are）+Ving+Ving+其它其它 They are coming here.They are coming here.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+be+be（is,am,areis,am,are）+not+Ving+not+Ving+其它其它They arenThey aren t coming here.t coming here.5C.C.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：bebe（Is,Am,AreIs,Am,Are）+主语主语+Ving+Ving+其它其它Are they coming here?Are they coming here?D.D.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+be（is,am,areis,am,are）+主语主语+Ving+Ving+其它其它 What are they What are theydoing?doing?三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构：结构：1.1.动作词用过去式动作词用过去式(ed)(ed)；在主语前加在主语前加 diddid 帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加在动作词前加 didndidnt t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2.2.句子中没动作词时，用句子中没动作词时，用 bebe 动词的过去式：动词的过去式：was,werewas,were；was,were was,were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；was,werewas,were 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。A.A.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+Ved+Ved+其它其它 We came from China We came from China主语主语+be(was,were)+be(was,were)+其它其它 We were from China.We were from China.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+didn+didnt+V+t+V+其它其它 We didn We didn t come from China.t come from China.主语主语+be(was,were)+not+be(was,were)+not+其它其它 We weren We weren t from China.t from China.C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Did+Did+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Did you come from China?Did you come from China?be(Was,Were)+be(Was,Were)+主语主语+其它其它 Were you from China?Were you from China?D D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+did+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Where did you from?Where did you from?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(was,were)+be(was,were)+主语主语+其它其它 Where were from?Where were from?四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构：结构：1.be going to+1.be going to+动词原形动词原形 is,am,are is,am,are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；放在主语前帮助疑问句；is,am,areis,am,are 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句。帮助否定句。2.will+2.will+动词原形动词原形willwill 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；willwill 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。A.A.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+will+V+will+V+其它其它 He will dig a hole.He will dig a hole.主语主语+be going to+V+be going to+V+其它其它 He is going to dig a hole.He is going to dig a hole.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+will not+V+will not+V+其它其它 He won He won t dig a hole.t dig a hole.主语主语+be not going go+V+be not going go+V+其它其它 He isn He isn t going to dig at going to dig ahole.hole.6 C C一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Will+Will+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 Will he dig a hole?Will he dig a hole?Be(Is,Am,Are)+Be(Is,Am,Are)+主语主语 going to+V+going to+V+其它其它 Is he going to did a Is he going to did ahole?hole?D D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+will+主语主语+V+V+其它其它 What will he do?What will he do?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be(is,am,are)+be(is,am,are)+主语主语 going to+V+going to+V+其它其它What is he going to do?What is he going to do?五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：1.be1.be 动词动词(was,were)+(was,were)+动词动词 inging；was,were was,were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加 inging；was,werewas,were 后面加上后面加上 notnot 帮助否定句，后面的动词加帮助否定句，后面的动词加 inging。A.A.肯定句肯定句:主语主语+be+be（was,werewas,were）+Ving He was digging a hole.+Ving He was digging a hole.B.B.否定句：主语否定句：主语+be+be（was,werewas,were）+not+Ving+not+VingHe wasntHe wasntdigging a hole.digging a hole.C.C.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：bebe（Was,WereWas,Were）+主语主语+Ving Was he digging a hole?+Ving Was he digging a hole?D.D.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be+be（was,werewas,were）+主语主语+Ving What was he doing+Ving What was he doing（二）时态意义与结构一览表：（二）时态意义与结构一览表：时时时态意时态意态态义与义与1.1.表示表示一一现在的现在的状态。状态。动动主语主语词词三单三单bebe动动I I词词you,you,复复情情态态所有所有动动主语主语词词动词形式动词形式肯定句肯定句否定句否定句isisamamarearecan+Vcan+Vmay+Vmay+Vmust+Vmust+Vshouldshouldis notis notam notam notare notare notcan not+Vcan not+V(特殊特殊)疑问句疑问句(疑问词疑问词)is+is+主语主语(疑问词疑问词)am+am+主语主语(疑问词疑问词)are+are+主语主语(疑问词疑问词)can+can+主语主语常用时间常用时间always,always,often,often,nownowusually,usually,sometimes,sometimes,ever,ever,never,never,in the morningin the morningin the afternoon,in the afternoon,in the evening,in the evening,般般现现在在时时2.2.表示表示经常性经常性习惯性习惯性的动的动作、兴作、兴趣爱好趣爱好+V+Vmay not+Vmay not+V(疑问词疑问词)may+may+主语主语+V+Vmust notmust not(疑问词疑问词)must+must+主语主语+V+V+V+Vshould notshould not(疑问词疑问词)should+should+主语主语7at night,at night,on Sunday,on Sunday,everyeveryonce a week,once a week,或能或能力。力。+V+V行行三单三单为为动动非三非三词词单单bebe无无行行为为VsVsV VBeBe+V+Vdoesndoesnt t+V+Vdondont+Vt+VD Donont bet be+V V(疑问词疑问词)does+does+主语主语twice a month,twice a month,3 times a year3 times a year+V+V(疑问词疑问词)do+do+主语主语3.3.祈使祈使句句4.4.感叹感叹句句+V+VBe quick.DonBe quick.Dont bet beworried.worried.无无V VD Donont+Vt+VListen to me.DonListen to me.Dont push.t push.What a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beautifulWhat a mess!What a beautiful desert!What beautifulflowers!flowers!How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautifulHow beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautifulthe flowers are!the flowers are!bebe单单youyouwaswas动动词词复复+you+youwerewere行行为为所有主语所有主语一一般般过过去去时时现现在在进进行行时时过过去去进进行行时时表示过表示过去了的去了的动作或动作或状态。状态。was notwas notwere notwere notdidndidnt+Vt+Vis notis not+Ving+Vingam notam not+Ving+Vingare notare not+Ving+Vingwaswas not not+V Vingingwerewere not not+V Vingingwonwont+bet+be(疑问词疑问词)was+was+主语主语yesterday,yesterday,(疑问词疑问词)were+were+主语主语(疑问词疑问词)did+did+主语主语this morning,this morning,before that,before that,lastlastVedVedisis+Ving+Vingamam+Ving+Vingareare+Ving+Ving+V+V(疑问词疑问词)is+is+主语主语+Ving+Ving表示现表示现在正在在正在进行的进行的动作。动作。表示过表示过去某时去某时正在进正在进行的动行的动作。作。1 1行行为为动动I I词词you,you,复复行行为为bebe三单三单now,now,Listen!Listen!(疑问词疑问词)am+am+主语主语+Ving+VingLook!Look!WhereWheres s(疑问词疑问词)are+are+主语主语+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)was+was+主语主语+Ving+Ving(疑问词疑问词)were+were+主语主语+Ving+Ving单单youyouwaswas+Ving+Ving复复+you+you所有所有主语主语werewere+Ving+Vingyesterdayyesterdaythis morningthis morningat that timeat that timeat nineat nine will+will+bebe(疑问词疑问词)willwill+主语主语+bebe(疑问词疑问词)WillWill+主语主语+一一般般将将来来时时表示表示行行将要将要为为发生发生的动的动三单三单作或作或行行状状为为I I2 2态。态。动动词词you,you,复复tomorrow,tomorrow,this evening,this evening,later,later,in a minute,in a minute,after that,after that,nextnextWill+VWill+Vwonwont+Vt+Vis goingis goingto+Vto+Vamamis not goingis not goingto+Vto+Vam not goingam not goingto+Vto+Vare not goingare not goingto+Vto+VV V(疑问词疑问词)is)is+主语主语 goinggoingto+Vto+V(疑问词疑问词)am)am+主语主语(疑问词疑问词)+主语主语8习题：习题：1 1I_(be not)a middle school student.I_(be not)a middle school student.2 2She _(be)in Class Six,Grade One.We_(be)all YoungShe _(be)in Class Six,Grade One.We_(be)all Youngpioneers.pioneers.3 3Sam and I_(be)in different classes.Sam and I_(be)in different classes.5 5There _(be)a map on the wall.There _(be)some boats inThere _(be)a map on the wall.There _(be)some boats inthe river.the river.7 7There_(be)a pencil-box and some books in the bag.There_(be)a pencil-box and some books in the bag.8 8There_(be)two bikes and a car near the house.There_(be)two bikes and a car near the house.9 9I can _(see)some flowers on the table.I can _(see)some flowers on the table.10.You must_(find)those things.10.You must_(find)those things.11._ you _(have)a new watch?11._ you _(have)a new watch?12.Let me _(see),please.I _(not have)a watch.12.Let me _(see),please.I _(not have)a watch.13.I think he _(be)back in a week.13.I think he _(be)back in a week.14.Its time _(play)games.14.Its time _(play)games.15.I want _(take)some books to the classroom.15.I want _(take)some books to the classroom.16.Could you _(take)it to your room16.Could you _(take)it to your room917.Its snowing now.We can go out _(play)in the snow.17.Its snowing now.We can go out _(play)in the snow.18._(not jump)too high!Would you like_(drink)tea18._(not jump)too high!Would you like_(drink)tea19.She _(like)her new skirt.19.She _(like)her new skirt.20.The men _(work)near the house now.20.The men _(work)near the house now.10