八上英语知识点1.pdf
.Unit 1【how often】how often 用来询问动作的频率,即动作“多长时间发生一次,答复可用 once/twice/three times a day“一天一 两、三次,sometimes“有时,never“从不,very often“经常等。例如:-How often do you read English books你多长时间看一次英语书?-Every day.每天。-How often does he go to the movies他多久去看一次电影?-Twice a week.一周两次。【watch】watch 用作及物动词,用来指非常仔细地,有目的和特意的动作,表示“注视,观看,监视之意。也常用于“看电视,看比赛等短语中。例如:The teacher often watches us playing games.教师经常观看我们做游戏。Theyre going to watch the football match tomorrow.明天他们将去观看那场足球比赛。【want】(1)want sb to do sth 意为“想让某人做某事,其否认want sb not to sth,意为“想要某人不要做某事。例如:Mr Li wants you not to stand here.教师让你不要站在这儿。(2)want 作及物动词,意为“想要,其后可接名词、动词不定式等。例如:I want to speak good English.我想讲一口流利的英语。I want some green tea.我想要些绿茶。(1)be good for 意为“对有好处,对有益,有效,适用,后接表示人或事物的名词。例如:Reading books is good for you.读书对你有好处。The medicine is good for headaches.这药可治头痛。Vegetables are good for us.蔬菜对我们有益处。(2)health 是个不可数名词,意思是“安康状况,常用于be in good(poor,bad)health短语中,表示“身体好不好。例如:Health is better than wealth.安康胜于财富。He often es home to see his mother,because she is in bad health.因他妈妈身体不好,他常回家看望他的妈妈。【habit】habit 作名词,意为“个人习惯,习性。例如:-优选.-I have a good habit of reading.我有良好的读书习惯。Habit is second nature.习惯成自然。【pretty】pretty 作副词,意为“相当,颇,用于修饰形容词或副词。例如:Its pretty cold today.今天相当冷。相关:相关:pretty 还可作形容词,意为“美丽得意的,多用于指小孩、妇女或较细小的东西,语气较弱。例如:She is a pretty girl.她是一个漂亮的小姑娘。I have a pretty house.我有一个漂亮的房子。(1)try to do sth 意为“尽力去做某事,努力做某事。例如;I will try to help you.我将尽力去帮助你。相关:相关:与 try 搭配的短语:try doing sth 那么表示“试着去做某事。例如:I will try answering the question.我将试着答复这个问题。try/do ones best to do sth意为“尽力做某事。例如:We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽力帮助处于困境中的人。(2)a lot of=lots of 意为“许多,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,多用于肯定句中,在否认句中和疑问句中那么多用 many 或 much.例如:I have a lot of books.我有许多书。There is a lot of money in the bag.在袋子里有很多钱。【look after】(1)look after 在本句的意思是“留意,重视,还可表示“照看,照顾。例如:I have to look after my sick sister at home.我不得不在家照看生病的妹妹。You must look after yourself.你应该照顾好你自己。You must look after your things.你必须照看好你的东西。(2)look after 相当于 take care of.例如:Please look after your baby well.Please take good care of your baby.请照顾好你的孩子。Unit 2Unit 2.word.zl-.-(1)matter 作名词时,意为“事情,问题,情况。(2)当看到某人心情沮丧,闷闷不乐,或是身体不舒服时,可使用本句询问对方,句中的 matter 前一定要加冠词 the。意思为“困扰的事,麻烦事,故障,后面常接介词with,再接“人,也可接“物。同义句为Whatswrong with sb/sth?或 Whats the trouble例如:Whats the matter with youWhats wrong with youWhats your trouble 你怎么了?Whats the matter with your penWhats wrong with your pen 你的钢笔出了什么毛病了 There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出了些问题。There is nothing wrong with your TV set.你的电视没问题。【have】have/have got a+疾病名词,意思是“得了病。例如:He has(got)a toothache.他牙疼。He has(got)a stomachache and cant go to school.他胃疼,不能上学。Yesterday she had a headache.昨天她头疼。She has a cough and has to see the doctor.她咳嗽,不得不去看医生。【should】should 是一个情态动词,意思是“应当,表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称。其后跟动词原形。例如:You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.你在睡觉前应该刷牙。Children should be taught to speak the truth.应该教诲儿童说实话。You should do what your parents tell you.你应该照你父母的话办。He should do some work,but he doesnt want to do.他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。【believe】(1)believe 后跟的是 that 引导的宾语从句,believe 作动词,意为“相信,常用于 believe+宾语或 that 从句中,也用于“believe+宾语+宾语补足语构造。例如:I believe him(或 what he says).我相信他所说的话。I believe him honest.我认为他是老实的。(2)believe 引导宾语从句时,如否认从句动作,那么往往用承前否认。例如:I dont believe he can fix the bike.我认为他修不好这辆自行车。I cant believe its true.我相信那不是真的。They dont believe shell e.他们相信她不会来了。.word.zl-.-【for example】for example 意为“例如,可用于句中、句首或句末。例如:I must buy a lot of school things,for example,notebooks,pen and ruler.我必须买许多学习用品,比方:笔记本,钢笔和尺子。I know some students in your class-Lucy,Lily and Tony,for example.我认识你们班的一些人,比方:Lucy,Lily和 Tony。【too much】too 是副词,much 是形容词“许多的,大量的,too much 那么是“过于,太多,作定语修饰不可数名词,还可以单独使用作主语、表语、状语等。例如:I have too much homework to do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。相关:相关:much too 的中心词为 too,much 修饰 too,用来加强语气,意思为“太,非常,极其等,后接形容词或副词。例如:Its much too cold.天气太冷了。Unit 3Unit 3“be+doing 表示将要做某事,或方案打算做某事。其中be 是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。be 包括 am,is,are。第一人称单数I 与 am 搭配;第二人称单数you 和所有复数人称与 are 搭配;第三人称单数he,she,it与 is 搭配。doing 为“v.+ing形式。1在肯定句中,构造为“be+doing。例如:I am going shopping this afternoon.我打算今天下午去购物。You are going fishing,arent you你打算去钓鱼,不是吗?He is visiting his grandparents for vacation.你打算假期去看望他的祖父母。2在否认句中,在 be 之后加 not。例如:Im not going shopping this afternoon.我不打算今天下午去购物。You arent going fishing,are you你不打算去钓鱼,是吗?He isnt visiting his grandparents for vacation.你不打算假期去看望他的祖父母。3一般疑问句是将 be 置于句首。例如:-Are you going shopping this afternoon你打算今天下午去购物吗?-Yes,I am/we are.是的,我/我们是。-No,Im not./we arent.不,我/我们不是。-Is he visiting his grandparents for vacation他打算假期去看望他祖父母吗?-Yes,he is./No,he isnt.是的,他是。/不,他不是。.word.zl-.-4特殊疑问句是“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。例如:What are you doing for vacation你假期打算做什么?When is he going camping他打算什么时候去野营?Where is she going她打算去哪儿?Who are you going there with你打算和谁一起去那里?【go camping】go camping 意为“去野营,“go+另一动词的-ing 形式表示去进展这一活动,这种-ing 形式的动词是现在分词,可以看作为 go 的表语,前面不能用 some 或其他数概念的词修饰。例如:go shopping 去买东西go swimming 去游泳go boating 去划船go skating 去溜冰go walking 去散步go climbing 去登山go dancing 去跳舞go hiking 去徒步远足go sightseeing 去观光【sound】(1)sound 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,也可跟名词或like 引导的介词短语。例如:Your plan sounds like a good one.你的方案听起来很不错。This song sounds beautiful.这首歌听起来很优美。(2)sound 用作名词,意为“声音,音响。例如:We can hear a strange sound.我们能听到一种奇怪的声音。相关:相关:与 sound 类似的词还有 look,turn,feel,bee,get,taste尝起来,smell闻起来等均可用作系动词。He looks young.他看起来很年轻。The flower smells sweet.那花闻起来很香。(1)how aboutwhat about,用于询问对方或第三者与情景有关的各种情况。例如:I like red.What about/How about you我喜欢红色,你呢?How about your math and physics 数学和物理怎么样?(2)how about/what about还可用于向对方提出一个建议,或征求对方的意见,后接名词或动词的-ing 形式。例如:What/How about a cup of tea来杯茶好吗?Unit 4Unit 4(1)询问去某地的交通方式,用how 提问。how 作疑问副词,还可表示“如何怎样,以何种方式或手段。例如:.word.zl-.-How should I do 我该怎么做?(2)get 表示“到达,是不及物动词,假设加宾语,后需跟介词to.例如:When can you get to school你何时可以到达学校?When will she get to Shanghai她什么时候将到达?(3)get 后跟副词时,不需加to.例如:I usually get home at six oclock.我通常六点钟到家。I will get there on time.我会按时到那里的。(1)“take+the+交通工具用于表示“乘,相当于“by+交通工具。例如:It will save you a lot of time if you go there taking the subway.如果你坐地铁去那里,可以节省很多时间。(2)与交通方式相关的动词短语。例如:take the subway 乘地铁take the bus 乘公共汽车drive a car 开小车ride a bike 骑自行车take the train 乘火车take a taxi 乘出租车(3)还有一些介词短语也可表示交通方式。例如:by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane 乘飞机by ship 乘轮船 by boat 乘船by train 乘火车 by taxi 乘出租on foot 步行It takes sb some time to do sth.是一固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间。it 是形式主语,不定式 to do 是真正的主语,如果我们对这一宾语提问时,就用how long多久引导一个特殊疑问句。例如:-How long does it take you to go home on foot 你步行回家需要花多少时间?-It takes about fifteen minutes.大约需要十五分钟。It took me too much time to do the problem.解这道题花了我太多的时间【around】around 为副词,意为“大约,同义词为about。例如:There are around forty students in the classroom.在教室里大约有 40 个学生。The boy is around ten years old.这个男孩大约十岁。【take】It takes sb some time to do sth.是一固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间。it 是形式主语,不定式to do 是真正的主语,如果我们对这一宾语提问时,就用how long多久引导一个特殊疑问句。例如:.word.zl-.-How long does it take you to go home on foot 你步行回家需要花多少时间?-It takes about fifteen minutes.大约需要十五分钟。It took me too much time to do the problem.解这道题花了我太多的时间。【how far】how far“多远,用于询问两地间的距离,答语要用表示距离的词语。例如:-How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai从到有多远?-About several thousand kilometers.大约有几千千米。-How far is it from here to the hospital从这里到医院大约有多远?-About ten minutes walk.大约走 10 分钟的路程。相关:相关:在答复 How far 的提问时,有两种情形:(1)有具体数字时,应与away from 连用,表示具体距离的计量,口语中away 可省去。(2)没有具体数字时,应用far 或 near 作答。例如:How far away is the moon from the earth从地球到月球有多远?It is 380,000 kilometers away from the earth.从地球到月球有 380,000 公里。Its very far.那很远。【most students】most students 意为“大多数学生,most 前不加冠词,作代词用,表示大多数,后面常接表示围的of 介词短语,most 的单、复数概念,取决于of 后面的名词,谓语动词根据of 后的名词来决定。例如:Most of us are going to the field trip.我们大多数人要去郊游。Most of the mooncake is bad.那块月饼的大局部坏了。注意:注意:most of 后面的名词要用冠词、物主代词或指示代词修饰;人称代词那么用宾格。【also】also 意为“也,含有较庄重的色彩,通常置于be 或助动词之后,实义动词之前。例如:He also learns English.他也学英语。She is rich and she is also selfish.她很富,也很自私。相关:相关:too 也有“也的意思,是副词,但常用在句末,前边加逗号隔开。例如:He like English,too.他也喜欢英语。I like bananas,but I like oranges,too.我喜欢香蕉,可我也喜欢橘子。【must be】must be 意为“一定,在这里表示推测,只用在肯定句中,否认句中表推测用cant 代替。例如:It must be more delicious.那肯定更好吃。He must be late for school today.今天他上学很可能迟到。Li Ming cant forget my name.明不可能忘记我的名字。.word.zl-.-Unit 5Unit 5(1)Can you.意为“你能吗?是客气地请求某人做某事的句子。承受邀请常用I would(Id)love to或者 Thanks a lot for或者Certainly.来应答。如有事不能承受邀请,那么说:Im sorry,but I cant.这种句式中,用could 比 can 语气委婉,显得有礼貌,而用can 那么较随便。例如:-Can you e to my home for dinner你能来我家吃晚餐吗?-Im sorry,I cant.很抱歉,我不能来。-Can you go shopping with me你能和我一起去购物吗?-Sure,Id love to.当然可以,我很乐意。(2)on Saturday afternoon 意为“周六下午,在具体的某一天或某一天的早上、中午、晚上那么用介词on.。例如:I met my friend Li Ming on the morning of October 1,2003.2003年 10 月 1 日的早上我见到了我的朋友明。We always play football on Wednesday afternoon.我们总是在周三下午踢足球。(1)Sure常用于口语之中,作为说话人较有把握的肯定答复,意思是“当然可以,当然愿意,相当于Certainly或 Yes.例如:-May I use your ruler我能用一下你的尺子吗?-Sure.当然可以。-Would you like to e你愿意来吗?-Sure.当然愿意。(2)Id love to.是由“I would love to.缩写而来,其义与“I would like to.相近,均表“我想要,但假设省略助动词 would,那么语意就随之改变了,即“We like/love to.表示“我们喜欢。(3)would love 意为“愿意,想要,其后可接名词或“to+动词原形。例如:Would you love to play basketball去打篮球好吗?-Would you love to live near the factory你愿意住在工厂附近吗?-No,I wouldnt love to live near the factory.不,我不愿意住在工厂附近。【have to】have to 意为“不得不,必须,表示“义务,第三人称单数用has to.例如:-Can he go to the baseball game他可以去看棒球比赛吗?-No,he cant.He has to study.不,他不能去。他必须学习。【another】another 通常用于三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体,意思是“另一个,再一个。例如:This pair of shoes is too small for me.Please show me another pair.这双鞋我穿太小了。请再给我拿一双。May I have another cake,please请再给我一块蛋糕好吗?相关:相关:the other 指两者中的“另一个,有特定的数量围,不是任意的“另一个。例如:.word.zl-.-One of Toms hands is bigger than the other.汤姆的手一只比另一只大。Here are two rulers.One is short.The other is long.这儿有两把尺子,一把短,另一把长。Thanks for asking.相当于 Thank you for asking.Thanks for 后接名词或动名词形式,表示“因为而感。例如:Thanks for helping me.你帮助我。Thanks you for your advice.你给我的劝告。Thank you for ing to my birthday party.感你来参加我的生日晚会。(1)“因什么事情而感某人要用介词for。(2)invitation 意为“邀请,是名词。其动词为invite.例如:I invited him to my home.我邀请他到我家。相关:相关:如果要是动词 invite,那么用 invite sb to do sth 或 invite sb to sth.例如:He invited me to go to his party.=He invited me to his party.他邀请我去参加他的晚会。【busy】(1)busy 作形容词,意为“忙的,繁忙的,相当于no time,反义词是 free.例如:Im very busy so I have no time to see you.我非常忙没有时间去看你。The line is busy.占线。(2)be busy with sth 意为“忙于。例如:He is busy with his homework.他正忙着做作业。(3)be busy doing sth 意为“忙于做。例如:The children are busy playing on the puter.孩子们正忙于玩电脑。They are busy going shopping for Toms birthday.他们正忙于为汤姆的生日购物。Uint 6Uint 6【last】(1)last 作形容词,意为“最后的。最近过去的,与first 相对。例如:He was the last person to leave.他是最后一个离开的。I was the last one to finish the work.我是最后一个完成工作的。(2)last 还可作副词,意为“最后一次“上一次,与next下次相对。例如:When did you last see him你上次见他是什么时候?He laughs best that who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。【both】(1)both 表示“两者都,all 表示“三者或三者以上都。.word.zl-.-例如:There are shops on both sides of the street.街道两边都有商店。There are five children in the room.They are all Mr Greens children.房子里有 5 个孩子,他们都是格林先生的孩子。(2)both 用作副词时,注意它在句子中的位置。一般在行为动词之前,be 动词之后。例如:They both like playing basketball.他们俩都喜欢打篮球。The two students are both from Class 5.这两个学生都是5 班的。【a little】a little 和 much 都可用来修饰比拟级,表示“更一点,得多。例如:He is a little taller than you.他比你稍高一点。This song is much more popular than that one.这首歌比那首歌流行得多。He is much taller than you.他比你高多了。(1)make sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事,make 作“让解时,其后接宾语和宾语的补足语,其中宾语的补足语须用省去不定式符号to 的动词原形。例如:The teacher made the boy sing a song for two minutes.教师让那个孩子唱了两分钟的歌。Dont make him work ten hours a day.别让他一天工作10 个小时了。(2)laugh 作动词,意为“笑,因而笑。例如:Why are you laughing你为什么笑呢?(3)laugh 常用于 laugh at sb.短语中,表示“取笑,嘲笑,嘲笑某人。例如:Dont laugh at the poor people.不要嘲笑穷人。We shouldnt laugh at him.我们不应该嘲笑他。【the same】“the same+as+名词/代词意为“与一样。例如:His opinion is the same as his uncles.他的观点和他叔叔的一样。I bought the same book as yours.我买了一本和你的一样的书。【though】though 作连词,意为“虽然,即使,用来引导让步状语从句,相当于although,though 在非正式语体中较为普遍,而 although 较正式,多用于句首。例如:Although(Though)it was so cold,he went out without a coat.天气虽然很冷,但他没穿大衣就出去了。(2)英语中,从句用了主从连词 although(though),主句中不可再用并列连词but,但可用 yet 和 still。也就是说一个句子有 although(though)就不能有 but,有 but 就不能有 although(though).(3)但在以下情况中,不用although,要用 though.表示强调时用 even though;倒装句中;.word.zl-.-though 可作副词,表示“然而,放在句末或其他位置。【always】always 与一般现在时连用,表示一种事实,与进展时连用,表示经常性、反复性的动作,表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、批评、厌烦等。例如:He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。I always e at eight.我总是 8 点钟来。Unit 7【how much】(1)how much 意为“多少,询问不可数名词数量,后接不可数名词。例如:How much milk is there in the cup杯子里有多少牛奶?How much rice is there in the bag那只袋子里有多少米?(2)how much 还可以用来提问价格。例如:-How much is this coat这件外套多少钱?-80 yuan.80 元。【how many】how many 意为“多少,后接可数名词的复数形式,用来提问可数名词的数量。例如:How many books do you have你有多少本书?How many monkeys are there in the zoo动物园里有多少只猴子?How many oranges do you want你想要多少橘子?【like】(1)like 作动词,意为“喜欢,常用于like doing sth 中,意思是“喜欢做经常性;like to do sth 意思是“喜欢做一次性。例如:I like red.我喜欢红色。I like reading books.我喜欢看书。I like to go and play football this afternoon.今天下午我想去踢球。(2)like 可用作介词,意思是“像,如样。例如:She drinks like a fish.她像鱼一样喝水。He looks like his father.他看起来和他爸爸一样。【first】(1)first 作副词,意思是“第一次,最初地,首先。序数词用作副词作表语时,前面不加冠词。例如:Safety first.平安第一。Ill tell you how to do first.我先告诉你怎样做。Tom came to school first.汤姆最先到校。.word.zl-.-(2)first 还可以用作序数词,意为“第一,其前一般要加冠词 the,但序数词前如有物主代词时,那么不用the.例如:The first lesson is easy.第一课很容易。My first teacher is Miss Li我的启蒙教师是教师。(3)first 作形容词,意为“最初的,第一的,主要的,一流的。例如:This is my first time to see the film.这是我第一次看这部电影。Li Mei is the first student in our school.梅是我校一流的学生。(4)first 作名词,意思是“开端。例如:The first of June is Childrens Day.6月的第一天是儿童节。【then】then 意为“然后,与 next 意思根本一样,但 next 更强调“接着做某事,而then 那么着重于表示“下一个动作在之后,常与and 连用。例如;First came Lucy,then Bill.露西先来,然后比尔来了。He had a bath and then went to bed.他洗了个澡,然后睡觉了。(1)add.to.意思是“把加到上去。例如:If you add six to seven,youll get thirteen.6加 7 等于 13。(2)add to 意为“增加。例如:The music added to our enjoyment.音乐给我们增添了快乐。(3)add up to 意为“加起来等于“总计达。例如:The expenses add up to 100yuan.支出合计为 100 元。【finally】finally 意为“最后,终于,相当于at last,通常位于句首。finally 侧重最后的结果,at last 着重指先后顺序。例如:They talked about it for hours.Finally they decided not to go.他们为此讨论了几个小时,最后决定不去了。Its not finally settled yet.这事还未最终解决。We had a long journey by train,and at last we reached the town.我们乘火车走了很长时间后,终于到了那个镇。Unit 8have a great timehave a good time,意思是“玩得开心,也相当于enjoy oneself。We had a great time last Saturday.上周六,我们玩得很开心。We enjoyed ourselves last Sunday.上周日,我们玩得很愉快。(1)because 在本句中引导原因状语从句。例如:I had to stay at home because my mother was ill.我必须待在家里,因为我母亲生病了。(2)at the end of.意为“在的末端,可以表示时间,也可以表示地点。.word.zl-.-例如:They will e here at the end of February.他们将在二月底到这里来。You will find a hospital al the end of the road.在这条路的尽头你会看到一个医院。【off】off 在本句中作副词,表示“休假,不工作,多用在名词之后。例如:The teacher gave him two days off.教师给了他两天假。We have two days off every week.我们每周有两天休息。相关:相关:off 还可作“离开走开“下,“停顿,关掉解。例如:I must be off.我该走了。He took off his coat.他脱下了他的外套。The gas is off.煤气关了。【no one】no one 相当于 nobody,意思是“没有人。作主语时,谓语用单数,后面不能跟of 短语,常答复who 和不确定的问题。例如:No one will make friends with him.没有人想和他交朋友。No one wants to go.没有人想去。-Who can answer the question谁能答复这个问题?-No one.没有人。Unit 9Unit 9born 是动词 bear 的过去分词,它与be 一起构成 be born,意为“出生于,常用于一般过去时态,也可用于将来时。例如:Michael Jordan was born in 1963.迈克尔乔丹出生于1963 年。-Where were you born你在哪出生的?-I was born in Beijing on October 1,2000.我于 2000 年 10 月 1 日在出生。Her baby will be born next month.她的宝宝下个月