土木建筑专业经典外文翻译钢渣透水混凝土的渗透系数影响因素的试验和分析.pdf

百度文库-好好学习，天天向上宝钢技术研究2011 年 6 月，第 2 期，第 24 页第 5 卷钢渣透水混凝土的渗透系数影响因素的试验和分析钢渣透水混凝土的渗透系数影响因素的试验和分析杨刚，王友琴，王海龙，金强中国上海200941 SBMCC冶金渣研究中心摘要：摘要：钢渣（SS）透水混凝土是由 SS 制备的，分析总水泥率，总粒径，水灰率，外加剂用量对 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数的影响。规范的影响也被考察作为 SS 透水混凝土的设计和施工的技术参考。关键词关键词:1引言随着城市化的快速发展，普通混凝土一直被认为是破坏城市生态系统的一种因素。相比与自然生态环境，普通混凝土缺少雨水渗透能力、吸收热量和自然呼吸作用。最重要的是在城市的地面上覆盖着钢筋混凝土建筑物和不透水的道路。因此，混凝土的可渗透性和可呼吸性已成为建筑行业的重点，引起了人们的关注。钢渣（SS）是一种转换器或电弧炉（EAF）产生的工业固体废物。SS 是具有类似自然资源的化学成分和物理性质的钢渣，经过适当的热处理（L500以上），快速冷却和加工凝固，其具有稳定性好，硬度高，耐磨损，易分离等诸多特点。因此，SS 可以被应用到许多领域。目前，透水混凝土（又称多孔混凝土，大孔混凝土等）的新型建材产业已成为一个热门话题。也有许多相关的研究报告。其中研究员，同济大学陈志珊教授和长安大学甄慕莲教授做大量的SS透水混凝土的深入研究，他们分别提出了测试SS透水混凝土渗透性的方法。不过，关于SS透水混凝土的报道较少。本研究主要是调查和分析影响SS透水混凝土渗透系数的因素，其中包括骨料总粒径，水泥率，外加剂用量，水胶率等各种因素。2原料来自宝钢转换器的1-3毫米,3-5毫米,5-10毫米,10-20毫米四种不同尺寸的SS的样品原料分别被编号为A，B，C和D。上海海豹水泥（集团）有限公司生产的水泥是级普通硅酸盐水泥。添加剂是锂二异丙基氨基添加剂（LDA）。3试验方法用于测量渗透系数的设备透水设备自行设计和制作，如图 1 所示。-1百度文库-好好学习，天天向上图 1测量渗透率透水设备示意图该装置由一个大小为 150 150 300 玻璃箱组成，其顶部是开口的，在底部有一个 80 的空。在测试过程中用于测量的一侧每级 50 已经过校准。测试过程在测试之前，把样品侧表面用密封材料或其他材料密封起来，为了防水和使水只能通过上下表面渗透。样品被测试端上的腻子密封。放在密封样品和使用腻子上面的透水设备是为了收紧的样品和设备以及刮掉底部多余的腻子。向。当水位下降到 100 时用秒表定时倒计250 级的透水设备中加入水（清水）时，当水位达到 200 级的计时停止。计算结果，可以由下列公式（1）计算。SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数（由 V 表示）V H/t(1)其中 H 表示水平面下降的高度（100 毫米）；t表示水位从 200 毫米/秒下降至 l00 毫米/秒的时间所用的时间。计算结果是三个样本准确到毫米/秒时的平均值。4结果与讨论骨料粒径和水泥率对渗透系数的影响用四个不同规格的 SS 样品作为骨料，来制备,，和不同水灰率的 SS 透水混凝土，以测试他们的渗透系数。-2百度文库-好好学习，天天向上从图 2 显示的结果中我们可以看到所有 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数均在 115 毫米/秒范围内。在同等条件下，样品A 相比与样品 D，渗透系数随着总尺寸的增加而增加。例如，水灰率为时，粒径为 1-3mm 骨料透水混凝土和粒径为 10-20毫米骨料透水混凝土的渗透系数分别为毫米/s 和毫米/秒，增加的比例分别为125，表明增加是显著的。这是因为随着总尺寸的增加，孔隙率增大，渗透系数也增加。实验表明，无论什么规格的 SS 透水混凝土随着水灰率的增加 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数降低。然而，当水灰率是和之间，渗透系数下降并不明显。水灰率是和之间时，渗透系数下降是非常明显的。拿样品 C 为例，水灰率从提高到时，渗透系数从毫米/秒降低到毫米/秒，下降的百分比是。由于水灰率从提高到，渗透系数从毫米/秒减小到毫米/秒，下降的百分比是。主要的原因是随着水灰率的增加 SS 透水混凝土表面的浆也增加造成表面堵塞和孔隙率降低。水灰比图 2SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数和水灰率之间的关系骨料灰率对渗透系数的影响骨料灰率是 SS 骨料和胶凝材料在 SS 渗透性混凝土所含的比率，总水灰率可以通过水泥用量来调节。这些研究表明，当骨料灰率在范围内时，混凝土的强度可以达到 C40-C15；当骨料灰率大于时，养护 28 天的混凝土的强度也低于，的总水泥率实验和分析。C15。因此，我们选择了，-3百度文库-好好学习，天天向上从图 3 中可以看出，SS 的透水混凝土增加的渗透系数随着总灰率的增加，从增加到了。因为当总灰率较低时，随着水泥的比例增大，试样的强度相应增高；但如果水泥包装中的 SS 颗粒变得过多造成 SS 透水混凝土的孔隙率降低，渗透性也随之降低。此外，当粒径很小时，随着总水灰率下降渗透性会迅速降低。例如，当骨料粒径为 3 毫米和 5 毫米之间时，总灰率从下降到，渗透系数从毫米/秒降低到毫米/秒，下降的百分比是。骨料和水泥的比例图 3 总灰率和 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数之间的关系外加剂用量对渗透系数的影响然而，图 4 表明，在限定的范围内在 SS 上外加剂的用量对 SS 透水混凝土具有一定的影响。SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数随外加剂用量的增加而增加。鉴于其他因属不变的前提下，减少外加剂的用量，将有助于增加SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数。-4百度文库-好好学习，天天向上外加剂用量/图 4外加剂的用量对 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数的影响其他因素的影响渗透系数除了上述的主要因素，以下条件可能会影响 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数：（1）温度越低，水的动力粘度系数越大，渗透系数越小。把 20作为标准温度，在方程（1）中，温度 T 可以转换成标准温度下的渗透系数。K20 KTT/20(2)K20(cms1)是在 20的渗透系数，KT(cms1)是在 T（）的渗透系数，s)是在 20的动力粘度系数。T(kPas)是在 T（）的动力粘度系数，20(kPaT和20，常数可以从“公路土壤试验规范”中查取。（2）其次，搅拌的均匀程度也是渗透系数的因素之一。因为当骨料的水灰率较低时，施工的速度，周围的环境和养护条件也都能影响 SS 透水混凝土渗透系数。5 结论（1）SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数随着骨料总颗粒和水灰率的增加而增加。当骨料粒径较小时，渗透系数随着总灰率下降迅速降低。（2）SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数随着水灰率的增加而降低。当水灰率在和之间时，渗透系数随着水灰率的增加下降不明显；水灰率在和之间时，渗透系数随着水灰率的增加下降显著。随着掺合料用量的增加，SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数减小，但影响是有限的。-5百度文库-好好学习，天天向上（3）其他因素也能影响 SS 透水混凝土的渗透系数。所以在实际施工过程中，工作人员应遵守规范的要求，以降低渗透系数的波动。参考文献1章辉，张謇与金强。矿渣细粉宝钢钢材的胶凝材料的稳定性和兼容性的研究J。宝钢技术研究，2009,3（4）；28-32。2甄慕莲。参透系数和多孔混凝土的试验方法研究J。交通运输工程，2006,4（11）；41-46。3金强，何红珠，杨刚。资源利用宝钢渣作为混凝土材料研究 J。宝钢技术，2010（3）；19-22。-6百度文库-好好学习，天天向上Baosteel Technical ResearchVolume5，Number2，June2011，Page24Test and analysis of influencing factors on the permeabilitycoefficient of steel slag permeable concreteYANG Gang，WANG Youqin，WAN G Hailong and JlN QiangResearch Center of Metallurgical Slag，SBM CC，Shanghai200941，ChinaAbstractAbstract：The steel slag(SS)permeable concrete was prepared by SS The influencesof the aggregate-cement rate，the aggregate particle size，the water-cement rate，theadmixture dosage and other factors on the permeability coefficient of SS permeableconcrete were analyzed The law of influence was also investigated The study servesas a technological reference for the construction and design of SS permeableconcreteKey wordsKey words：steel slag；permeable concrete；permeability coefficient；influencingfactors1 Introduction1 IntroductionWith the rapid development of urbanization，ordinary concrete has been consideredthe cause of destruction of an urban ecosystem Compared with the naturalecological environment the general concrete lacks the ability of rainwaterpermeabilityabsorbing heat and natural breathingMost of the ground in an urbancityiscoveredwithreinforcedconcretebuildingsandimpermeableroads Therefore，the concrete that can permeate and breathe has become the focus ofand grabbed attention from the building industryStee1 slagfSS1 is a kind ofindustrial solid waste generated by converters or electric arc furnaces(EAF)Afterappropriate heat treatment(above l500)，solidification by rapid cooling andprocessing，the SS with its chemical composition and physical properties is similar tonatural resources，and possesses many characteristics such as good stability，highhardness，wear resistance，and easy separation of iron from the steel-7百度文库-好好学习，天天向上slagThereforeSS can be applied to many fields.CurrentlyPermeable concrete(also known as porous concrete，big-hole concrete，etc)has become a hot topic in the new building materials industry There are alsomany related research reports Among the researchers Professor CHEN Zhishan inTongji University and Professor ZHEN Mulian in Changan University have done aconsiderable amount of in-depth research on the SS permeable concrete，and theyhave individually proposed the method to test the permeability of SS permeableconcreteHowever，there are fewer reports on SS permeable concreteThis studymainly investigates and analyzes the various factors influencing the permeabilitycoefficient of SS permeable concrete，which includes the aggregate particle size，theaggregatecement rate，the admixture dosage,and the watercement rate2 Raw materials2 Raw materials13 mm，35 mm，510 mm，1020 mm of four different sizes of SS fromBaosteels converters were used as the raw materials，and the prepared samples werenumberedA，B，CandD CementproducedbyShanghaiHaibaoCement(Group)Co,Ltdwas425 gradePortland cementAdditive was Lithiumdiisopropylamide additive(LDA)3 Test methods3 Test methodsEquipment used to measure permeability coefficientEquipment used to measure permeability coefficientThe permeable device was designed and manufactured by ourselves，as shown inFig1-8百度文库-好好学习，天天向上FigFig1 Schematic diagram of the permeable device to measure permeability1 Schematic diagram of the permeable device to measure permeabilityThis device consists of a glass box，whose size is 150150 300Its top isopen and has a80 hole in the bottomThis device has calibrated of 50 pergrade on one side,which is used for Measurement during testing3 32 2Testing proceduresTesting proceduresBefore being tested,the sample was scaled on all sides with sealing materials orother materials in order to make it watertight and water can only infiltrate through theupper and lower surfacesThe sample was sealed with putty on the testing sideThepermeable device was placed above the sealed sample and the putty was used inorder to tighten the sample and the device and the excess putty in the bottom circlewas scrapedThe water(clean water)was added into the permeable device to the 250gradeTiming was counted down using a stopwatch when the water level wasreduced to the 100 grade and the timing was stopped when the water levelreached the 200 grade3 33 Calculation of results3 Calculation of resultsThe permeability coefficients(branded by V)of SS permeable concrete can becalculated by the following Equation(1)V H/t(1)Where H is the height of the water level dropped(100 mm);tthe time for thewater level to drop from 200 mm/s to l00 mm/sResults are the average value of the-9百度文库-好好学习，天天向上three samples and calculation is as accurate as 1 mm/4 Results and discussion4 Results and discussionInfluence of aggregate particle size and water-cement rate on theInfluence of aggregate particle size and water-cement rate on thepermeability coefficientpermeability coefficientThe four SS samples with different specifications were used as aggregate and theSS permeable concrete was made with different water-cement rate：，,and 0.32 inorder to test their permeability coefficientsThe results are shown in Fig 2 We can see that the permeability coefficients of allSS permeable concretes are in the range of115 mm/sUnder the sameconditions,the permeability coefficient increases with the aggregate size increasingwhen Sample A js compared with Sample DFor examplewhen the water-cementrate is,the permeability coefficient of the 13mm aggregate permeable concreteand the 1020 mm aggregate permeable concrete were 5.9 mm/s andram/s,respectively,and the percentage of the increase was 125,indicating that theincrease is significantThis is because as the aggregate size increases,the porosityincreases and the permeability coefficient also increasesThe research shows that the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concretereduces as the watercement rate increases，no matter what the specifications of theSS are However when the watercement rate is betweenand，the decrease ofthe permeable coefficient is not obvious.when the watercement rate is betweenand,the decrease of the permeable coefficient is very obviousTake Sample C as anexample，as the watercement rate increases fromto the permeability coefficient decreases from 9.2 mm/s to 7.8 mm/s and thepercentage of the descent is As the watercement rate increases fromto,the permeability coefficient decreases from 6.9 mm/s to 3.9 mm/s,and the percentageof the descent is.The main reason is that as the watercement rate increases，theslurry on the SS permeable concretes surface increases too,causing the surfaceblocked and the porosity decreased.-10百度文库-好好学习，天天向上Water-cement ratioFigFig2 Relationship between permeability coefi cient and water-cementrate of2 Relationship between permeability coefi cient and water-cementrate ofSS perm eable concreteSS perm eable concrete4 42 Influence of aggregate-cement rate on permeability coefficient2 Influence of aggregate-cement rate on permeability coefficientThe aggregatecement rate is the rate of SS aggregate and cementitious materialin SS permeability concrete,which can be achieved by adjusting the amount ofcementThese studies have shown that the strength rating can be C40C15 whenthe aggregate,cement rate is in the range of;and 28 d strength wil1 be less thanC15 when the aggregate-cement rate is above So we chose，,as theiraggregate-cement rates for the test and analysisFrom Fig3it can be seen that the permeability coefficient of SS permeableconcrete increases with the increase of the aggregate-cement rate fromtowhenthe aggregate-cement rate is lower,the percentage of cement is-11百度文库-好好学习，天天向上Aggregatecement ratioFigFig3 Relationship between the aggregate-cement rate and the permeability3 Relationship between the aggregate-cement rate and the permeabilitycoefficient of SS permeable concretecoefficient of SS permeable concreterelatively larger and the strength of the specimen is higher accordingly；but thecement wrapping the SS particles becomes excessive,causing the porosity of SSpermeable concrete to decreaseand the permeabi1ity coefficient to decrease aswel1In addition，when the particle size is smal1,the permeability coefficientquickly decreases with the decrease of the aggregate-cement rate For example,whenthe aggregate size is between 3mm and 5 mm,the aggregate-cement rate decreasesfromto,the permeability coefficient decreases from 9.7 mm/s to 1.1 mm/s，andthe percentage of the descent is 4 43 Influence of admixture dosage on permeability coefficient3 Influence of admixture dosage on permeability coefficientFig 4 shows that the amount of admixture dosage on the SS has a certain influenceon SS permeable concretehoweverto a 1imited extentThe permeabilitycoefficient of SS permeable concrete decreased with the increase of the admixturedosage Given the premise of other properties，reducing the admixture dosage willbe helpfu1 to increase the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete-12百度文库-好好学习，天天向上Admixture dosage%FigFig4 Effect of the admixture dosage on the permeability coefficient of SS4 Effect of the admixture dosage on the permeability coefficient of SSpermeable concretepermeable concrete4 44 Influence of other factors on the permeability coefficient4 Influence of other factors on the permeability coefficientBesides the main factors mentioned above，the following conditions may affect thepermeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete：(1)The lower the temperature is and the greater the waters dynamic viscositycoefficient is,the smaller the permeability coefficient isMaking 20 the standard,Equation(1)when the temperature is T can be converted to coefficient permeability atthe standard temperatureWhereK20(cms1)K20 KTT/20(2)1K(cms)，theTis the permeability coefficient at 20；permeability coefficient at T()；T(kPas)，the dynamic viscosity coefficient atT()and20(kPas),the dynamic viscosity coefficient at 20 Tand20，constant values canbe consulted from“Highway soil experiment specification.(2)In addition，the degree of mixing uniformity.Because when the aggregate-cementrate is lower，the speed of construction progress，the surrounding environment andcuring conditions can also influence the permeability coefficient of SS permeableconcrete-13百度文库-好好学习，天天向上5 Conclusions5 Conclusions(1)The permeability coefficients of SS permeable concrete are increased with theincrease of the aggregate particle and the aggregate-cement rate When the particlesize is small，the permeability coefficient quickly decreases with the decrease of theaggregate-cement rate(2)Permeability coefficients of SS permeable concrete are reduced with theincrease of the water-cement rateAs the water cement rate is betweenand,thepermeable coefficient declines inconspicuously and when the water-cement rate isbetweenand,the permeable coefficient declines obviouslyAs the admixturedosage increases，the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete decreases,but the influence is limited(3)Other factors also influence the permeability coefficient of SS permeableconcreteSo in practical construction processes，workers should abide by thestandard requirements in order to reduce the volatility of the permeabilitycoefficientReferencesReferences1 ZhangHui，Zhang Jian and Jin QiangResearch on the stability and compatibility of thecementitious materials of Baosteel steel slag fine powderJ Baosteel Technical Research，2009，3(4)：28322Zhen Mulian Permeability coefficient and its test method of porous concreteJ.Journalof Traffic and Transportation Engineering，2006，4(11);41463Jin Qiang，He Hongzhu and Yang Gang Resource utilization of Baosteel slag as a concretematerialJ.Baosteel Technology,2010(3)：1922-14