小学五年级下英语语法总结.pdf
英语时态语法英语时态语法现在进展时，一般过去时，过去完成时，现在完成时，一般将来时现在进展时，一般过去时，过去完成时，现在完成时，一般将来时一现在进展时：一现在进展时：表示现在正在进展的动作构成：主语+be 动词+动词的现在分词+其他成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进展时的动词必背表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进展的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词：see,hear,like,love,want2.have,has 当拥有 讲时没有进展时二一般过去式：二一般过去式：表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago构成：含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is 的过去式为 was，are 的过去式为wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答/否认回答1/5Yes,I was./No,I was not.Yes,you were./No,you were not.Yes,he/she was./No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句What did you do?必背不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加 did,动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否认句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答与否认回答Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.三过去完成时三过去完成时用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的那个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before 引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后那么不用加。1.变疑问句：将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?2.变否认句：在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.3.肯定回答与否认回答Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.4.特殊疑问句：What had she done?2/5四现在完成时四现在完成时构成：主语+助动词 have,has+过去分词用法：1）表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch.饱了，不用再吃了He has had a cup of tea.不渴了，不用再喝They have already had their holiday.不能再度假了The boy has already read the book.已经知道书的容了，不用再看了2）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4）表示一种经历，经验：去过。地方，做过。事情，经历过。事情I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.人已经回来He has gone to London.人还在那里5）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加notHave you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定回答与否认回答Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去式与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from Beijing for 3 days.3/5五一般将来时五一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和 tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,theyear after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用。结构：主语+助动词 will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答与否认回答Yes,I will./No,I will not.Yes,he/she will./No,he/she will not.Yes,he will./No,he will not.特殊疑问句What will you do?【BeBe 动词用法】动词用法】be 动词(am、is、are)+not情态动词 can+not助动词(do、does)+not如何将一个肯定的述句改为否认句：1、看句中有无 be 动词，如有，直接在 be 动词后+not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。分四个步骤：(1)肯定述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。(2)确定助动词用 do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does(3)在助动词后加 not(4)原句中动词假设发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some 的要考虑是否要用 any。4/5【一般疑问句】【一般疑问句】如何将一个肯定的述句改为一般疑问句：1、看句中有无 be 动词，如有，把 be 动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：(1)肯定述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。(2)确定助动词用 do 还是 does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does(3)把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词假设发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some 的要考虑是否要用 any。【特殊疑问句】【特殊疑问句】疑问词What timewhenWhat dayWhat dateWhoWhoseWhereWhatWhat colourHow oldHow manyHow much意思什么时间问时间问星期问日期谁谁的在哪里什么什么颜色多大年纪多少数量可数名词多少钱；多少数量 不可数名词用法问具体具体时间，如几点钟表示大概时间问星期几问几月几号问人问主人问地点问东西、事物问颜色问年纪问数量问多少钱或数量不可数名词5/5
