最新初中英语非谓语动词1动名词动词不定式讲解练习.pdf

初中英语非谓语动词初中英语非谓语动词 1 1动名词动动名词动词不定式讲解练习词不定式讲解练习非谓语动词非谓语动词考点、热点回忆考点、热点回忆【词汇辨析】【词汇辨析】finally,at last,in the end finally,at last,in the end与与 at the end ofat the end offinally:finally:通常在列举事物或论点时，将它放在通常在列举事物或论点时，将它放在句首以引出最后一项内容，句首以引出最后一项内容，还可用在句中动词的还可用在句中动词的前面，表示“等了很久才前面，表示“等了很久才.，但感情色彩，但感情色彩不强不强 They They talkedtalked aboutabout itit forfor hours.hours.Finally,Finally,they decided not to go.they decided not to go.We finally arrived in Chengdu.We finally arrived in Chengdu.at last:at last:常用来表示经过一番努力或曲折之后常用来表示经过一番努力或曲折之后的结果。的结果。也可以用来表示也可以用来表示“等候或耽误了很长时“等候或耽误了很长时间之后才间之后才.，感情色彩强烈，感情色彩强烈My brother went to college at last.My brother went to college at last.我弟弟我弟弟终于上大学了。终于上大学了。She came at last.She came at last.她总算来了。她总算来了。inin thethe end:end:表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况以后某事才发生。定的情况以后某事才发生。In the end we found the house.In the end we found the house.最后我们找最后我们找到了这座房屋。到了这座房屋。They won in the end.They won in the end.最后他们赢了。最后他们赢了。at the end of:at the end of:既可以表示时间，也可以表示既可以表示时间，也可以表示空间。空间。表示时间时意为表示时间时意为“在“在.末尾，末尾，常指过去或常指过去或将来的时间点，用于一般过去时或一般将来时将来的时间点，用于一般过去时或一般将来时表示空间时表示空间时 ofof 后接名词，表示“在后接名词，表示“在.的尽的尽头头 At the end of the meeting,Li Ming sang At the end of the meeting,Li Ming sanga song.a song.会议结束时，李明唱了一首歌。会议结束时，李明唱了一首歌。There is a post office at the end of theThere is a post office at the end of thestreet.street.街道的尽头有个邮局。街道的尽头有个邮局。【非谓语动词】【非谓语动词】构成：构成：toto+动词动词原形原形动词不定式动词不定式非非在句中的作用在句中的作用 除除谓语动词外的任何成分谓语动词外的任何成分谓谓构成：构成：V.-ingV.-ing语语动名词动名词动动用法用法 主、主、宾、宾、表、表、定定词词宾语宾语动词宾语动词宾语介词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.I like playing basketball very much.我非常我非常喜欢打篮球。喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是邮票是被用来寄信的。被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语表语His hobby is collecting stamps.His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语定语She is in the reading room.She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.We should improve our teaching methods.我我们应该改良教学方法。们应该改良教学方法。只说明它所修饰的词的用途、只说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。所属关系等。置于置于所修饰词之前。所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我我们们初初中中阶阶段段常常见见的的有有：finish,finish,mind,mind,bebeworth,be busy,practice,have fun,haveworth,be busy,practice,have fun,havetrouble/problemtrouble/probleminin,spend.spend.inin,feelfeellike,like,bebe usedused toto习惯于习惯于,givegive up,up,keepkeep on,on,consider,suggest,cant helpconsider,suggest,cant help。我们可按下。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完完成成实实践践值值得得忙忙finish,finish,practice,practice,bebeworth,be busyworth,be busy继续习惯别放弃继续习惯别放弃keepkeep on,on,bebe usedused to,to,givegiveupup考虑建议不禁想考虑建议不禁想consider,consider,suggest,suggest,cantcanthelp,feel likehelp,feel like喜欢思念要介意喜欢思念要介意enjoy,miss,mindenjoy,miss,mind二动词不定式二动词不定式动词不定时的构成动词不定时的构成不定时的根本形式为：不定时的根本形式为：to+to+动词原形，有时可以动词原形，有时可以不用不用 toto，这里的这里的 toto 是不定式符号，是不定式符号，本身无词义，本身无词义，动词不定式的否认形式是动词不定式的否认形式是 not+not+to+to+动词原形。动词原形。动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式的句法功能功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语ToTo speakspeak EnglishEnglish isis notnot easyeasy forfor us=Itus=It isis notnoteasy for us to speak English.easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们讲英语对我们来说不容易。来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用作主语用的不定式，常常用 itit 作形式主语，而作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。把不定式放在后面。表语表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=ToMy work is to clean the room everyday.=Toclean the room every day is my work.clean the room every day is my work.我的我的工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语宾语What sports does he like to play?What sports does he like to play?他喜欢他喜欢做什么运动？做什么运动？HeHe likeslikes toto playplay basketball.basketball.他喜欢打篮球。他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补宾补My mother made me play the piano all theMy mother made me play the piano all thetime.time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在在 makemake，letlet，seesee，hearhear，watchwatch 等使役、感官等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略动词后，不定式省略 toto。定语定语Have you got anything to say?Have you got anything to say?你有要说的你有要说的吗？吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语状语Im sorry to trouble you.Im sorry to trouble you.表原因很抱歉，表原因很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。给你添麻烦了。I I wentwent toto the librarythe library to studyto study English.English.表表目的目的不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。致。不定式作主语不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用动词不定式作主语时，常用 itit 作形式主语，作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：其结构为：It+be+adj.It+be+adj.+for/of sb.+for/of sb.+动词动词不定式不定式如：如：ToTo learnlearn EnglishEnglish wellwell isis useful.useful.It It isisuseful to learn English well.useful to learn English well.ItsIts importantimportant forfor usus toto protectprotect thetheenvironment.environment.注意：在注意：在 kindkind，goodgood，nicenice，cleverclever 等表等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用示人的品质的形容词后，不用 forfor 而用而用 ofof。如：。如：Its Its veryvery kindkind ofof youyou toto helphelp me.me.你你帮助我真是太好啦。帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like Its very clever of you to do likethat.that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。你那样做真是太聪明啦。不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would wouldlike,like,like,like,want,want,wish,wish,hope,hope,decide,plan,expectdecide,plan,expect 等。如：等。如：Would Would youyou likelike toto seesee a a filmfilm thisthis evening?evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？你今晚想去看电影吗？在在 find,find,thinkthink 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用后跟不定式作宾语时，常用itit 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I I findfind itit easyeasy toto readread EnglishEnglish everyevery day.day.常见的一些不带常见的一些不带 toto 的动词不定式的动词不定式WhyWhy notnot do.,do.,WhyWhy dontdont youyou do.,do.,hadhadbetterbetternotnotdo.,would rather do,do.,would rather do,could/would/will you please could/would/will you pleasenotnotdo.do.I would rather stay in the room.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在我宁愿待在房间里。房间里。不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：谓关系。如：Lucy Lucy askedasked him tohim to turnturn downdown thethe radio.radio.露露西让他关小收音机。西让他关小收音机。tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourageencourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：如：My My mothermother encouragesencourages meme toto learnlearn Japanese.Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 toto。这些动词有：。这些动词有：一感一感feelfeel、二听、二听hear,listen tohear,listen to、三让、三让let,let,make,make,havehave、四看四看 looklook at,at,see,see,watch,watch,noticenotice。但变被动语态时，必须加上。但变被动语态时，必须加上 toto。如：。如：My friends were made to work the whole My friends were made to work the wholenight by the boss.night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。一整夜。不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.There is nothing to worry about.没有什没有什么可担忧的。么可担忧的。不定式常和疑问词不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,what,which,when,where,howhow 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what The teacher is telling the students whatto do.to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go.He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪他不知道去哪里。里。典型例题典型例题()1.()1.TomsToms mothermother toldtold himhim _ eatingeatingtoo much meat.too much meat.C:stops D:stoppedC:stops D:stopped()2.)2.WeWe dontdont knowknow _ itit next.next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A:what to do B:to do what A:what to do B:to do whatC:whether to do D:to do whetherC:whether to do D:to do whether()3.()3.HowHow kindkind youyou are!are!YouYou alwaysalways dodo whatwhatyou can _me.you can _me.C:to help D:helpsC:to help D:helps()4)4DriversDriversshouldntshouldntbebeallowedallowed_after drinking,or they will break_after drinking,or they will breakthe law.the law.C:to driveC:to drive()5.()5.WaterWater ParkPark isis a a goodgood place_.place_.C:having fun D:to have a funC:having fun D:to have a fun A:A:stoppingstoppingB:B:toto stopstop A:A:helphelpB:B:helpinghelping A:A:drivedriveB:B:drivingdriving A:A:toto havehave funfunB:B:havehave funfun()6.Take time to relax by listening to()6.Take time to relax by listening tomusic,music,readingreading a a bookbook oror justjust spendingspending somesometime alone.Relaxing allows you _totime alone.Relaxing allows you _toyour studies with more energy.your studies with more energy.C:returningC:returning()7.Nick,would you mind _those()7.Nick,would you mind _thoseold jeans?They look terrible.old jeans?They look terrible.C:wearing not D:not wearingC:wearing not D:not wearing()8.()8._ a volunteer is great._ a volunteer is great.I Ithinkthinkso.so.SomeSomeofofususwantwant_volunteers for the London Olympics._volunteers for the London Olympics.A:Being A:Being；being B:To bebeing B:To be；beingbeingC:BeingC:Being；to be D:To beto be D:To be；to beto be()9.()9.Dont forget _your historyDont forget _your historyand politics books tomorrow morning.and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks.I wont.Thanks.I wont.A:A:bringbringB:B:toto bringbringC:bringingC:bringing()10.()10.What about _a rest?What about _a rest?OK.Lets go out and have a walk.OK.Lets go out and have a walk.A:A:returnreturnB:B:toto returnreturn A:A:notnot toto wearwearB:B:notnot wearwear A:A:toto taketakeB:B:takestakesC:takingC:taking()11.()11.I like this set of sofa so much,I like this set of sofa so much,butbut I I dontdont knowknow _it_it inin mymy smallsmall house.house.YoureYoure supposedsupposed toto putput itit inin thethe livinglivingroom.room.A:where to put B:why to put A:where to put B:why to putC:how to putC:how to put()12.)12.WhileWhile wewe werewere runningrunning onon thetheplayground,playground,JackJack suddenlysuddenly stoppedstopped _and_andlaylayononthetheground,ground,sosoweweallallstoppedstopped_what was wrong with him._what was wrong with him.A:to run;to see B:running;A:to run;to see B:running;seeing C:running;to seeseeing C:running;to see()13.May I have a rest?I have already()13.May I have a rest?I have alreadyfinished _the report.finished _the report.C:to write D:writtenC:to write D:written()14.()14.I feel a bit hungry now.I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?Why not _for dinner with us?A:A:gogoB:B:diddid youyou gogoC:to go D:do you goC:to go D:do you go A:A:writewriteB:B:writingwriting课后练习课后练习()1.()1.GrannyGranny oftenoften tellstells usus _water_waterin our daily life.in our daily life.C:to save D:savesC:to save D:saves()2.)2.RichardRichard turnedturned offoff thethe computercomputerafter he had finished _the email.after he had finished _the email.C:writing D:wroteC:writing D:wrote()3.()3.We can use QQ to chat with eachWe can use QQ to chat with eachother on the Internet.other on the Internet.Really?Really?WillWillyouyoupleasepleaseshowshowmeme_it?_it?A:A:howhow toto useuseB:B:whatwhat toto useuseC:how can I use D:what can I useC:how can I use D:what can I use()4.()4.Wheres your brother nowWheres your brother now，Bob?Bob?I I sawsaw himhim _ inin thethe streetstreet a amoment ago and I told him _.moment ago and I told him _.A:playing A:playing；dont do so B:playingdont do so B:playing；not to do so C:playnot to do so C:play；to do soto do so()5.)5.AsAs teenagers,teenagers,werewere oldold enoughenough_with housework.We can help set the_with housework.We can help set the A:A:savesaveB:B:savingsaving A:A:writewriteB:B:totowritewritetable,wash the dishes and clean our owntable,wash the dishes and clean our ownrooms.rooms.A:A:toto helphelpB:B:helpinghelpingC:helpedC:helped()6.)6.NancyNancy isis reallyreally a a hard-workinghard-workingstudent.We often see her _books instudent.We often see her _books inthe classroom.the classroom.C:readsC:reads()7)7Mrs.Mrs.SmithSmithmademadeherherstudentsstudents_the_the compositionscompositions threethree timestimes a a week.week.C:written D:writingC:written D:writing()8.Tom often makes his sister ,()8.Tom often makes his sister ,but yesterday he was made by hisbut yesterday he was made by hissister.sister.C:cry;cry D:to cry;to cryC:cry;cry D:to cry;to cry()9.Youd better _ too much time()9.Youd better _ too much timeplaying computer games.playing computer games.A:dont spend B:not to spend A:dont spend B:not to spendC:to not spend D:not spendC:to not spend D:not spend A:A:readreadB:B:toto readread A:A:writewriteB:B:toto writewriteA:A:cry;cry;toto crycryB:B:toto cry;cry;crycry()10.)10.MoreMore andand moremore youngyoung peoplepeople arearetrying to do something _the old.trying to do something _the old.C:serve D:servesC:serve D:serves()11.()11.WhyWhy notnot _ anan EnglishEnglish clubclub totopractice _ English?practice _ English?A.A.toto join;join;toto speak B.speak B.join;join;speakingspeakingC.C.join;join;toto speak D.speak D.toto join;join;speakingspeaking()12.()12.WhenWhen wewe camecame toto thethe gate,gate,hehe stoppedstopped_ me go in first._ me go in first.C.to allow D.to askC.to allow D.to ask()13.()13.SheShe sawsaw somesome boysboys _ soccersocceronon thethe playgroundplayground whenwhen sheshe waswas onon thethe wayway totothe classroom.the classroom.C.playingC.playing()14.()14.How about going shopping thisHow about going shopping thisweekend,Peter?weekend,Peter?Sorry,I prefer _ rather thanSorry,I prefer _ rather than_._.A.A.toto staystay atat home;home;gogo out B.out B.toto gogo A:A:servedservedB:B:toto serveserve A.A.toto letletB.B.toto telltell A.A.playedplayedB.B.toto playplayout;stay at homeout;stay at home C.staying at home;go out D.Going C.staying at home;go out D.Goingout;stay at homeout;stay at home()15.Its a good habit _ every()15.Its a good habit _ everyday.day.A.A.toto keepkeep doingdoing exercise B.exercise B.toto staystay upuplate C.late C.toto makemake muchmuch noise D.noise D.toto tootoomuchmuch()16.)16.ItsIts hot.hot.WouldWould youyou mindmind mymy_ the window._ the window._._.DoDo itit asas youyou like,like,please!please!A.A.toto open;open;OK B.OK B.opening;opening;CertainlyCertainlynot C.not C.closing;closing;OfOf course D.course D.Open;Open;Good ideaGood idea()17.)17.WhoWhododo youyou thinkthinkyoudyoudlikelike_ with you,a boy or a girl?_ with you,a boy or a girl?A.A.toto letlet toto go B.go B.lettingletting toto gogoC.to let go D.let goC.to let go D.let go()18.)18.TheThe househouse waswas soso dirty.dirty.TheyTheydecided _.decided _.A.A.cleanclean itit up B.up B.toto cleanclean itit upupC.clean up it D.cleaning upC.clean up it D.cleaning up()19.I heard someone _ the door()19.I heard someone _ the doorand .and .A.A.open;open;comecome in B.in B.toto open;open;toto comecomein C.open;come into D.to open;in C.open;come into D.to open;to come intoto come into()20.The girl was heard _ the()20.The girl was heard _ thepiano in the next room.piano in the next room.A.A.playsplaysC.played D.playC.played D.playB.B.toto playplay