最新初中英语非谓语动词(教师用).pdf

初中英语非谓语动词初中英语非谓语动词(教师用教师用)初中英语分类练习初中英语分类练习非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing.,Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing.,动名词起名词作用动名词起名词作用Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.wearing.wearing.分词起形容词作用分词起形容词作用He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch.He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch.不定式起副词作用不定式起副词作用)谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：1)1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。Miss Mary teaches us English.Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。玛丽教我们英语。teachesteaches 动词作谓语动词作谓语Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.to have a talk.to have a talk.不定式作状语不定式作状语2)2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。Mike likes the pop music.Mike likes the pop music.动词用单数第三人称形式动词用单数第三人称形式Lucy has nothing to do todayLucy has nothing to do today。dodo 用原形用原形非谓语动词的特征：非谓语动词的特征：1 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。Studying English is my favorite.Studying English is my favorite.studyingstudying 后跟宾语后跟宾语To help him is my duty.To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。帮助他是我的责任。helphelp 后跟宾语后跟宾语2 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。Working under such a condition is terrible.Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition(under such a condition 是是workingworking 的状语的状语Its too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.Its too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.for himfor him 作作不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语3 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.to have kept.to have kept.是不定式的完成形是不定式的完成形式式Seen from the mountain,the city looks much more beautiful.Seen from the mountain,the city looks much more beautiful.Seen from.Seen from.是分词的被动形式是分词的被动形式4 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。Our coming made him happy.Our coming made him ingcoming 起名词作用起名词作用There are two big swimming pools here.There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming(swimming 起形容词作用起形容词作用)非谓语动词的形式变化：非谓语动词的形式变化：不定式不定式主主动动被被动动一一般般to writeto writeto be writtento be written进进行行to be writingto be writing完完成成to have writtento have writtento have been writtento have been written完成进行完成进行to have been writingto have been writing现现 在在 分分 词词主主动动被被动动一一般般writingwritingbeing writtenbeing written完完成成having writtenhaving writtenhaving been writtenhaving been written过去分词过去分词主动主动被被动动一般一般writtenwritten动名词动名词主动主动被被动动一般一般writingwritingbeing writtenbeing written完成完成having writtenhaving writtenhaving been writtenhaving been written动动 词词 不不 定定 式：式：动词不定式是由动词不定式是由 to+to+动词原形构成，动词原形构成，在句中在句中起名词，起名词，形容词和副词的作用，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。以外的其它任何成分。1.1.动词不定式作主语：动词不定式作主语：To mast a language is not an easy thing.To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.To teach English is my favorite.Its my pleasure to help you.Its my pleasure to help you.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it it 作作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。形式主语放在原主语的位置上。Its very kind of you to have given us much help.Its very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。Its necessary to find the witness.Its necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目有必要找到目击者。击者。2.2.动词不定式作宾语：动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动这些动词有词有 decide,begin,help,begin,want,wish,like,decide,begin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,ask.forget,learn,ask.What I wish is to learn English well.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.I like to help others if I can.动词不定式的否认形式：动词不定式的否认形式：not+to+not+to+动词原形动词原形The teacher told us not to swim in that river.The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。Its unfair not to tell us.Its unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公没告诉我们真是不公平。平。带疑问词的不定式：带疑问词的不定式：疑问词疑问词 who,what,which,when,where,how,whywho,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不定式的前面，可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，构成不定式短语，使含使含义更加具体。义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet.Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知去什么地方还不知道。道。I dont know when to begin.I dont know when to begin.我不知道什么时间我不知道什么时间开始。开始。Can you tell me where to get the battery.Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？Do you know how to get to the station.Do you know how to get to the station.你知道你知道怎样去车站吗？怎样去车站吗？带逻辑主语的不定式：带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法构成方法是：是：for+for+逻辑主语逻辑主语+不定式。不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，forfor 本身无实际本身无实际意义，意义，它只说明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定它只说明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。式的主语。Its necessary for us to help each other.Its necessary for us to help each other.我们互我们互相帮助是必要的。相帮助是必要的。There are much work for me to finish,There are much work for me to finish,有许多有许多工作要我去完成。工作要我去完成。动词不定式的被动形式：动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系修饰的名词是被动关系。He is the man to be examined.He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的他是受检查的人。人。There are much work to be done.There are much work to be done.有好多工作要有好多工作要做。做。动动 名名 词词动名词是由动词原形动名词是由动词原形+ing+ing 构成，同现在分构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和宾语，表语和定语。定语。1)1)动名词作主语：动名词作主语：Talking like that is not polite.Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.Putting on more clothes is not so good.注：注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用用 it it先行祠代替，先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。而把动名词写在后面。Its no use waiting here,lets goIts no use waiting here,lets gohome.home.Its very difficult climbing thisIts very difficult climbing thismountain.mountain.2)2)动名词作表语动名词作表语The nurses job is looking after theThe nurses job is looking after thepatients.patients.Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing.3)3)动动名词作宾语名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是它们是 begin,begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.keep.Please stop smoking in the house.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?Do you mind my opening the windows?4 4动名词作定语动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room.She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.He slept in the sleeping bag.动名词的否认形式：动名词的否认形式：not+not+动名词动名词He pretend not knowing it at all.He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装他假装全然不知。全然不知。We considered not doing it now.We considered not doing it now.我们考我们考虑现在不做这件事虑现在不做这件事。动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。His being looked down upon made himHis being looked down upon made himsick.sick.I cant really stand being treated likeI cant really stand being treated likethat.that.动名词的几种特殊情况：动名词的几种特殊情况：1)1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，有些两者都可以，它们的它们的具体含义有时还不一样。具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有：能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,cant help,understand,cant help,等。等。能跟不定式的动词有：能跟不定式的动词有：decide,desire,expect,hope,mean,pretend,decide,desire,expect,hope,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,undertake,want,wish,promise,refuse,undertake,want,wish,agree,manage,agree,manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：love,love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,start,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相含义不相同，同，总的来说，总的来说，表示习惯的，表示习惯的，一般性的动作一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。不定式。I like to go with you.I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。我想和你一块儿去。I like reading.I like reading.He promised to help her.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.We love watching VCD.2)remember,forget,regret2)remember,forget,regret 后面跟动名词时，后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。不定式表示将来的动作。I remember meeting him in the street.I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)stop+3)stop+动名词动名词 表示停止动名词所表示的表示停止动名词所表示的动作，动作，stop+stop+不定式不定式 表示停下来表示停下来做不做不定式所表示的动作。定式所表示的动作。Stop smoking,please.Stop smoking,please.请不要抽烟请不要抽烟。Lets stop to have a rest.Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休咱们停下来休息一下吧。息一下吧。4)4)动名词和分词的区别：动名词和分词的区别：动名词作定语时，动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。reading textreading text 阅读课文阅读课文 动名词动名词developing countrydeveloping country 开展中国家开展中国家 分词分词 a sleeping bag a sleeping bag 睡袋睡袋 动名词动名词 boiled waterboiled water开水开水 分词分词分分 词词分词是由动词分词是由动词+ing+ing 或或 动词动词+ed+ed 构成，它构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，可以作定语，表表语，状语。语，状语。workingworkingworkedworked washingwashingwashedwashed分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加在动词后面加 inging。而过去分词的形式那么在动词后面加而过去分词的形式那么在动词后面加 ed.ed.分词分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。在句中可作定语，状语或表语。1.1.分词作定语分词作定语China is a developing country.China is a developing country.Thats an interesting story.Thats an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是如果是分词词组那么放在被修饰的名词之后，分词词组那么放在被修饰的名词之后，如被修如被修饰的名词是饰的名词是 something,anything,everything,something,anything,everything,nothingnothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。The working people have played a great roleThe working people have played a great rolein the activity.in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to theThe boy hurt by the car was sent to thehospital immediately.hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的没什么有趣的事。事。分词和动名词都可以作定语，分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动判断是分词还是动名词，名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，有主谓关系的是分词，否那么否那么判断为动名词。判断为动名词。a swimming girla swimming girl 游泳的女孩。分词游泳的女孩。分词a swimming poola swimming pool 游泳的池子游泳的池子 动名词动名词2.2.分词作状语分词作状语Being a student,he likes to help others.Being a student,he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses,she can readWearing a new pair of glasses,she can readeasily.easily.She is there waiting for us.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher,she knew she was wrong.Told by the teacher,she knew she was wrong.3.3.分词作表语分词作表语The story is interesting.The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.The water is boiled.4.4.分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see,watch,see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,gethear,set,keep,find,have,get 等词。等词。I saw him walking in the street.I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.We found the boy sleeping.havehave 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。I have my hair cut.I have my hair cut.我理发了。是别人给我理我理发了。是别人给我理发发She has her bike repaired.She has her bike repaired.她把自行车修理了。她把自行车修理了。别人修理的别人修理的They have their house rebuilt.They have their house rebuilt.他们重修了房他们重修了房子。子。分词的否认形式。分词的否认形式。not+not+分词分词Not knowing what to do next,she stopped toNot knowing what to do next,she stopped towait.wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。Not having finished the homework,the little girlNot having finished the homework,the little girldoesnt dare to go to school.doesnt dare to go to school.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。分词的时态分词的时态 分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。的动作同时发生或之前发生。Seeing the teacher is coming,the studentsSeeing the teacher is coming,the studentsstopped playing.stopped playing.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。Coming into the room,he lied on his bed.Coming into the room,he lied on his bed.回到回到家后，他就躺在床上。家后，他就躺在床上。分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。生。Having received a latter,I knew everything is allHaving received a latter,I knew everything is allright.right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。Having had my supper,I went out for a walk.Having had my supper,I went out for a walk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。晚饭后，我出去散步了。Having known that he won the match,he threwHaving known that he won the match,he threwthe cap into the sky.the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜，快乐地把帽子扔上了天。他知道自己比赛获胜，快乐地把帽子扔上了天。分词的被动形式分词的被动形式 分词的被动形式表示分词动作分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。The entertainment building being built will beThe entertainment building being built will becompleted next pleted next year.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。