高考一轮形容词及副词的用法导学案.pdf

形容词及副词的用法考点一：形容词一.形容词概念：形容词用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征主要用作定 语、表语和补足语。二.形容词的功能1形容词作定语 单个形容词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前。She is a good girl 她是一个好女孩儿。形容词作不定代词的定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。There is nothing importa nt 没有什么重要的事情。Is there any thi ng importa nt?en ough 作形容词时，放在被修饰的名词的前后均可。We have eno ugh mon ey/m oney eno ugh to buy every book here.2作表语.形容词除与 be 动词连用做表语外，还可以与其他系动词连用。1 表示一种特制，状态，感觉类的系动词。如：Appear,seem,look taste,feel,smell,sound2 表示状态转变的系动词。意为“变得，变为。如:become,grow,turn,get,go3 表示保持某种状态类的系动词。如：remai,keepThe man is ill.The flower smells sweet.The problem rema ins un solved.The hill has tur ned gree n.有些词常作表语常见的有 well,ill 以及 a 开头的局部形容词如 afraid，alike，alive,alone,asleep awake 等。以 ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以 ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人，如interesting有趣的，interested 感兴趣的等。3 少数以 ly 结尾的词是形容词，如 friendly友好的，deadly致命的,lively活泼的，manly男子气概的,likely可能的，ugly 难看的,silly愚蠢的等。4带有数字的复合形容词当复合形容词用连字号链接时，其中的名词用单数形式，主要有两种情况。1数次+名词a two-hundred-meter bridge2数词+名词+形容词a three-year-old boy a fifty-meter-wide river5几个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序。限定词+数量形容词序数词在前，基数词在后+描绘性形容词+大 小、长短、咼低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+被修饰名词一些漂亮的小红花一顶绿色的新丝帽一个年轻的矮个子日本商人 口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，国籍颜色出材料，作用类 别往后靠一。考点二:副词.副词概念：副词是用来修饰动词 形容词，副词，介词短语，或全句的词.副词的构成：由“形容词+-ly 构成quickquicklybeautiful beautifullyexact exactlybrave bravelybad badlyhappy happilytruetrulyerallygen era genquietquietlyserious seriously以 le 结尾的形容词去 e 加 y.如:terrible-terriblysimple-simply三副词的功能comfortable-comfortablypossible-possibly用作状语。如：He speaks En glish_.他英语说得非常好。四副词的位置(1)副词通常放在被修饰的动词后面。(2)副词修饰整个句子时，多数放句首，用逗号隔开。Eg:Luckily,no one was injured.五副词的排列顺序：(1时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可六.兼有两种形式的副词bad坏，差badly极度，严重close接近地deeply深深地widedee 深表示空间p宽度表示空间咼highly表示程度，相当于hardhardly几乎不努力地hig h度much大声地loudly大声地喧闹latelately近来晚，迟lou dHe is sitti ng close to me.Watch him closely.You have come too late.What have you bee n doing lately?He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Eve n father was deeply moved by the film.The pla ne was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.He ope ned the door wide.En glish is widely used in the world.You can eat free in my restaura nt whe never you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.考点三.形容词与副词的比拟级和最高级的构成1 形容词的比拟级和最高级的规那么变化(1)一般在词尾直接加-er 或-est。如：talltallertallest,long _ _(2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r 或-st。如：closely仔细地，密切地widely广泛地nice _ -_以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把 y 变为 i，再加-er 或-est。如：busybusierbusiestfunny _ _(4)在重读闭音节中，假设末尾只有一个辅音字母，那么双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 或-est如：bigbiggerbiggest,hothotterhottest，thin，fatfatterfattest(5)局部双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比拟级，加 most 构成最高级。如：slowly _ _beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulinteresting-more interesting-themost interesting注意：英语中有些双音节形容词可以加 more/most,也可以加-er,-est构成比拟级 和最高级，常见的词有 friendly,clever,narrow,2.副词的比拟级和最高级的规那么变化(1)大多数以-ly 结尾的副词在其前家 more 和 most 来构成比拟级和最高级Eg:quickly-more quickly-most quicklyvcarefully-more carefully-most quickly(2)单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er 和-est 分别构成比拟级和最高级。hard-harder-hardest early-earlier-earliest2不规那么变化 good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost i l l/bad/bad l ywo rs e wo rst little less-least farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest bad-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest考点四：形容词和副词的比拟等级用法：(1)as+形容词/副词的原级+as 如：He is as tall as his father.He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman.注意：在否认句或疑问句中可用 so.as,即 not as/so.as 女口:He cant run so/as fast as you.Its not as/so warm as yesterday.(2.)“as+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+as 或“as+many/much+名词+as。如:This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.There are as many stude nts in your class as in ours.1)Mr.Sun speaks English _ you.与你一样流利2)I have as many books as Tom.3)I candrink _ this.我不能喝这么甜的咖啡4 You are as good a student as she.5 He is_as Tom.他是像汤姆一样老实的一个男孩和最咼级两者比拟，表一方超过另一方时，用“比拟级+than的结构。如：The pen is better tha n that one.(2)表一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+tha n的用法This room is less beautiful tha n that one.(3)形容词副词重叠法那么，表示越来越 比拟级+a nd+比拟级的结构Things are gett ing better and better.more and more+原级的结构The girl becomes more and more beautiful.“the+比拟级(主语+谓语)，the+比拟级主语+谓语的结构如：The more medic ine I take,the worse I seem to feel.The harder he works,the happier he feels.注意：要防止重复使用比拟级。(错)He is more cleverer tha n his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is cleverer than his brother.(5)“the+比拟级+of the two(+名词),表示“两者中较.的一个。如:The taller of the two boys is my brother.(6)程度时，用围，表示同类范畴用 of,不同类用 in。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高the+最高级+of/in+比拟范He talks(the)least and does(the)most in his class.He is the fastest runnerof the three boys.(7)用比拟级表示最高级结构否认+比拟级=最高级注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most useful tool=It is a very useful toolI can not agree with you moreIve never seen better film than that.=That is the best film Ive ever seen.It could not be better比拟级+tha n+any other+单数名词 Chan gjia ng is Ion ger tha n any otherriver in China.比拟级+tha n+any of the othe+名词复数比拟级+tha n+anyone else8常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A+is+倍数+比拟级+tha n+B(2)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)A+is+倍数+the+抽象名词如:longlength；wide width；high height;deep depth 等)+of+B4A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句。This brige is three times longer than that one.This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.9.某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比拟时，用 to 代替 than。这些词有 inferior劣等的，次的、superior较好的，优于.丨、junior资历较浅的senior资格较老的、prior在.之前等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.10.在比拟从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用 that(those)one(ones 代替前面 出现的名 词。that 指物,one 既可指人又可指物。that 可代替可数名词单数 和不可数名词，而 one 只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than tha 或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.考点五：形容词和副词的比拟等级的修饰语1.修饰原级的词 almost,quite,nearly,exactly,just,half,twice,three times,eg:He is almost as tall as his brother.This line is twice as long as that one.2.修饰比拟级的词有：much/many,still,even,rather,any,far,特别提醒：by far,a little,a bit,a lot,a great/good deal,常用于否认句或 疑问句中。如:Its a little colder today than it was yesterday.This shirt is much more expensive than that one.修饰可数名词的比拟级不用 much,而用 many,如 many more books;修 饰不可数名词的比拟级用 much,如 much more work,“更多的工作;much morenecessary,“更有必要。3.修饰最高级的词有：by far,much,This is by far the best.This is much the most important.特别提醒：by far 通常用于强调最高级。用比拟级时,一般放在比拟级的 后面。考点六：比拟级相关习语1.more thanmore than+数词more than+名词多于,超过不仅仅是more than+形容词 非常，很more A tha n B 与其说.倒不如说.2.no more tha n$only)仅仅,只有3.not more than$at most)不超过,至多4ess than 不到.,少于.5.no less than(=as much as)多达,不少于6.not less than(=at least)至少7.more or less(=almost,nearly,about)根本上,差不多;或多或少8.so oner or later 迟早,早晚,总有一天 s mite 而且较此外关匀旃10.no:hoone.thani.一-就.亠t tt tmore 1more 1than+than+数j j考点七：so 71what+a/an+形容more tbanmore tban皿刘wha!+呂词单数词复数 数1wha词.+皿3suth+去=4，such+形容词口+不可数名词/名词复数.5nO such+名词名词前不能加冠词 特另别提醒：-so m 等词都君“多少2.2.ua moreua more/somujh/so few/so little+名词其中的 many,much,few,little、“多于，超过3.3.not mornot mor意班樹还可当“小解释 这时用 such little+名词。than(=at most)than(=at most)不超过:至多稳固练习一Exercise(1):写出以下形容词或副词的比拟级和最高级hardquickslowhotthi nn icelatesafelargeheavyExercise(2)：翻译1.我比你瘦.I am _ _ you.2.我摘的苹果比你少.I picked _ apples tha n you(did).3.我认为语文比数学更有趣.I think Chinese is _ _ _ maths.4._你呆的时间越长，)the better it will be.5._The city is得越来越美丽了).6.Chi na is_亚洲任何国happyearlyin terestingexcitedtiredbeautifulimporta ntexpensivegoodwellbadillfarquicklystronglyslowlyfew little家都要大)7._ _这两个男孩中较高的那个is my brother.8.The road is five times as long as than one 同义句改写)The road is five times _ of that one.The roas is five times _ than that one.综合练习一：单句改错1.There are few boys than girls in our class.2.The more money you make,the most you spend.3.This is by far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.4.Last sunday,police cars hurry to the taller building in NewYork.5.As a rusult,people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.6.Ill try to be more carefully next year.7.Now it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before.8.people in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a fewhundred years ago.综合练习二：语法填空1.Usually,there are not many buses,but that day there were even_(few)buses.2.The prosser said the_(bad)cases are head injuries.3.There are two horses in a field,if you stand and watch nearby and listen,you willhear the sould of a bell.It is from the _(small horse a copper bell on his neck.4.I _(mere)suggested you should do it again.Therseno need toget annoyed.5.The river was so polluted that it _(actually)caught fire and burned.6.Fially,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(chean)than ever.综合练习(三)：短文改错 及单词填空1.We were very happily,because my grandfather had moved to Hongkong and we only visited himevery two months.2.The joy was hard and tired and seemed endless.3.My father and I were deep shocked by her story.4.The school was quiet and peacefully.5.The man was so gratefully that he insisted on offering me some money.6.According to a recently survey,many students dont want to improve their han dwri ngs.7.Now,it is easy for me to keep in touch with you than before.8.He_(slow)climbed the stairs and hung his head low.9.The sec ond sig n made pepople realise they were_(extreme)fortun ate thatthey were not bli nd.综合练习(四)语法填空专练One day,Nick in vited his frie nds to supper.He was cook ing some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly,he 1(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called tohis son,“Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it;neither too much 2 toolittle.His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldn t pa 灿 io much,Father,if I can pay less,3 not save a bit of mon ey?“That would be a very 4(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy asmall village like ours,Nick said.Nick s guests,5 had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply ifthey could.Nick replied,“The only reas on a man would sellsalt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for mon ey.And anyone who took advantage of that situati on would be show ing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man whoworked very hard to produce it.“But such a small thing could n 8possible)destroy a village.“In the beg inning,there was only 9 very small amount of un fair ness in the world,but every oneadded a little,always 10(thi nk)that it was only small and not very importa nt,and look where wehave en ded up today.