高考英语考点精析复习讲义-动词.pdf

本类考题解答锦囊 1.看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把 其他词看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看为其它词。2.时态。特别要注意动词的过去式，及过去分词的拼写。3.语态，英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态(take place,happen,Occur,beak out,fall,rise,die.lie,appear 为常见的不及物动 词)。4.一致。包括与前面人称和数的一致及几个动词的结构一致。5.正确运用非谓语动词。6.不能错用动词。(如根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词，go,arrive,open,borrow,take,sell 依次改为 come,leave,close,lend/return,bring,buy)。7.注意固定搭配。I高考最新热门题.(NMET 20 典型例题 sure theyll laugh to me to do things as well as them.【答案】to-at.laugh at sb“嘲笑某人”,固定搭配。1.(NMET 20 典型例题 Sometimes,we talked to each other very well in class.答案：talked-talk 根据短文内容可判断出要用一般现在时。2.(NMET 20 典型例题 ut his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.答案：go-going.此处应用动名词短语 going to college 作主语，与 playing sports 对比并且要结构形式相同。m题点经典类型题.(20 典型例题)when I spoke to them,they often stare at my mouth.【答案】spoke-*speak.根据文章意思及时态一致原则，应用一般现在时。1.(20 典型例题合诊断)Instead of helping him standing up,Li Ping shouted at the old man angrily.答案：standingstand,help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事。2.(20 典型例题)Around the world more and more people are taken part in dangerous sports and activities.答案：taken-*taking.根据文章，应用一般现在时。3.(20 典型例题模拟)Look back at my childhood experience,I think that three reasons might explain the fear.答案：Look-Looking.现在分词短语用于独立主格结构。(1)词时态(l)The film began before I arrived.答案：began 改为 had begum 过去完成时，表示过去某一点之前已完成的动作。(2)We never visited,the Great Wall.答案：never 前加 have.现在完成时，have never,done sth.表示到目前为止从来 没干某事 His brother has joined in the army for three years.答案：joined 改为 been.join 为非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)Hurry up!We must get there before the sun set.答案：set 改为 sets.before 引导一个时间状语从时，用一般现在时表示将来。(4)Her grandmother has been died for twenty years.答案：died 改为 dead,die 是一个瞬间性动词。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(5)I shall let her know it as.soon as I shall meet her.答案：将第二个 shall 去抻。as soon as 引导一个时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。(6)I dont think Jim saw me;he is just staring into the sky.答案：is 改为 was.当时正在干某事，用过去进行时。(7)You do say that you would lend me some money yesterday.答案：do 改为 did.yesterday,说明用过去式。(8)The price has gone down,but I doubt whether it remain so.答案：it 后加 will.根据句意：价格已经降下来了，但我怀疑它能否将保持目前这个样子。whether引导的宾语从句用将来时态。(9)The building which is now built near my school will be a well-equipped hospital.答案：now 后加 being,is being built,正在被建设中的。(10)语态(l)The price has brought down a lot.答案：has 后加 been,bring down 为及物动词；意为“使降下来根据句意应用 被动语态。(11)This question must worked out at once.答案：must 后加 be 此处需用被动语态。(12)The Second World War was broke out in 1939.答案：去掉 was.break out 是不及物动词，无被动形式。(13)I need one more stamp before my collection completed.答案：completed 改为 is completed.根据句意。before 从句应用被动结构。(14)Cleaning women in big cities usually get pay by the hour.答案：pay 改为 paid,get paid 意为“获得报酬 Look!The dogs are trained,to help the blind to cross road.答案：are 后加 being.are being trained,正被训练。(15)We are hoping that a concert will held soon at which the works of Liszt w 川 Play.答案：will 后加 be,will be held 将来时态的被动结构。(16)In order to prevent the fire from spreading,some of the houses nearby.had pulled down before the firemen arrived.答案：had 后加 been,had been pulled down,被动结构，过去完成时。(17)It was obvious that the man had been driving on the free way for almost an hour when he told that he had to come back.答案：第一个 be 后加 was.根据句意，when 引导的状语从句，应用被动语态。(18)I lost and had to ask a policeman the way.答案：I 后加 was 或 got.be/get lost 意为“迷路二.非谓语动词(1)It is time harvest wheat.答案：time 后加 to.Its time to do sth.是干某事的时候了。(2)Please tell me how work it out.答案：how 后加 to.how+不定式作宾语。(3)Im thirsty.Get me something to drinking.答案：drinking 改为 drink 不定式作定语。(4)She was made feed two children and do some cleaning.答案：ma.de 后加 to.make sb.do sth.被动结构为 be made to do.(5)That book is worth read twice.答案：read 改为 reading,be worth doing 为固定搭配，“值得干”Im looking forward to see you soon.答案：see 改为 seeing,look for ward to 中 to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。(6)Her father escaped killed in the war.答案：escaped 后加 1 being。escape 后跟名词或动名词，表示逃脱、逃避，比如 exepe punishment/being punished 逃避惩罚。(7)Our English teacher enjoys listen to music.答案：listen 改为 listening,enjoy doing”喜欢干某事”，某些动词后习惯跟 v-ing 作宾 语。(8)My grandfather has been used to live quietly in the country.答案：live 改为 living,be used to doing 固定用法，意为“习惯了干某事”。(9)He saw the children play under the tree when he came back from work 答案：play 改为 playing,see sb doing sth.为“看见某人正在干某事。”(10)The room is dirty.It needs cleaned.答案：cleaned 改为 cleaning,need/want/require 表示“需要”之意时，后跟 v-ing.(11)I heard her singing there last night.答案：singing 改为 sing.hear sb.do sth.“听见某人干了某事”，指干某事从头至尾的 过程。(12)Losing in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.答案：Losing 改为 Lost,list im thought 过去分词短语作状语，说明主语的状态。(13)He tried to make himself understand in English.答案：understand 改为 understood,make one self+过去分词，分词与 oneself 之间 是被动的关系。(14)Who is the woman talk with our teacher over there?答案：talk 改为 talking.v-ing 分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句：that is talking with.(15)The teacher came in,followed a group of students.答案：followed 改为 following.认 ving 分词作方式状语，分词动作与主语是主动的关系。或followed 后加 by.v-ed 分词与主语之间的被动关系。(16)Our teacher asked us not be late for class again.答案：not 后加 to.asksb.not to do sth.要求某人不要干某事。(17)You will soon notice that they have formed a group making up of doctors and lawyers.答案：making 改为 made,make up of.过去分词短语作定语，与被修饰词之间是 被动关系。(18)Seated himself in a chair;Mr.Crossett began to look through the evening paper and suddenly he heard a knock at the door.答案：Seated 改 Seating,seat 为及物动词，认一 ing 与主句主语之间是主动关系，表伴 随状况；可将 himself 去掉。v.ed 分词.说明主语的状态。(19)I remained puzzling long after I had.been told the story.答案：puzzling 改为 puzzled,remain 为系动词，表示“人感到”，用ed 形容词作未语。4.虚拟语气 How I wish I am you.答案：am 改为 were,wish 后的宾语从句，谓语动词用过去式表示与目前事实相反的一个 愿望，be 的过去式 were.(1)I wish I have gone to the party last night.答案：have 改为 had.wish 后的宾语从句，谓语动词用”had+过去分词”表示与过去事 实相反的一个愿望。(2)The teacher ordered the classroom swept.答案：classroom 后力口 be.order 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语结构为：(should)+动 词原形。(3)My suggestion is that we will discuss it another day.答案：will 改为 should 或将 will 去掉。suggestion,proposal,plan,idea,order,request,advice 作主语时，其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语构成为：(should)+v.(4)The workers on strike demanded that their wages increased.答案：increased 前力 II be.(should)beincreased表示虚拟语气，用动词demand 之 后的宾语从句中。(5)If he is here,we would know bow to do it.答案：is 改为 were.虚拟语气用于条件句，与目前事实相反的一个假设，if 从句的谓语动 词用过去式，be 的过去式用 were。(6)The teacher insisted that her students did their homework alone.答案：did 改为 do.(should)do 表示虚拟语气，用于 insist 后的宾语从句中。(7)The woman talks as if she knows everything.答案：knows 改为 knew,as 汀引导的句子多用虚拟语气，用过去时态表示与目前事实相 反。(8)Have he had the time,he would have done it.答案：Have 改为 Had.省略 if 的条件从句，原句为 If he had had the time,表示与过 去事实相反。(9)Without electricity human life will be quite different today.答案：will 改为 would/should/might.without 短语相当于一个条件状语从句，上下 句间构成了一个与现在事实相反的一种假设；主句谓语：would/should/might+v.5.情态动词(l)He will be back soon.You cant worry.答案：high 改为 tall.形容细而高的东西用形容词 tall.(2)I got lost and must ask a policeman the way.答案：health 改为 healthy.healthy,形容词作表语。(3)Must I finish the work before I go home?No,you mustfft.答案：many 改为 large.形容人口众多，用形容词 large.(4)Since the ground was wet thds morning,it must rained last night.答案：-must 后加 have,must have done 是对过去一个动作肯定的判断。(5)I didfft need get up early this morning,so I stayed in bed until 9.答案：need 后加 to 根据 didn 十来判断，need 为实义动词，后接不定式。(6)Look at that thin man.He mustnt be Mr.Black,for Mr.Black is fat.答案：mustnt 改为 cant 否定的判断“不可能用 cant.(7)After meal,he should checked the bill.答案：去掉 should.表示陈述一个事实；或 should 后加 have,should+have done 表 示“本应该干某事而没干”When Galileo told people of his discovery,no one should believe him.答案：should改为 would.would可以表示“愿意”。(8)Would we go?Yes Jets.答案：would 改为 shall,shall 用于一、三人称，表示请求对方允许或提出建议。would 用于第二人称，Would you do.?(9)How dares he speak to his mother like that?答案：dares 改为 dare dare 用作情态动词，无 dares 形式。(10).主谓一致 Half of the apples is bad.答案:is 改为 are.谓语动词的单复数与 half of 后的名词保持一致。或将 apples 改为 apple.(1)Either Bob or I are to blame.答案：are 改为 am.either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等 连接两个并列的主语，采用就近原则“Three feet are not long enough.答案：are 改为 is.一段距离，一段时间，一笔钱等，都当作单数看待。(2)Nothing but trees were to be seen.答案：were 改为 was.nothing 作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。(3)The rest of the water are not enough.答案：are 改为 is.therest 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后的名词。(4)He as well as I are a student of English.答案：are 改为 is.主语为 He,主语后的介词短语 with.,together with.,as well as.等不能改变主语的数。(5)Doing morning exercises are good to us.答案：are 改为 is.认一 ing,to d。等形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。(6)Each soldier and each sailor were given a gun.答案：were 改为 was.each.and each.,every.and every.作主语，谓 语动词用单数。(7)The old is taken good care of in our country.答案：is 改为 are.the+形容词”表示一类，谓语用复数形式。(8)What interests me most is better wages and working conditions.答案：is 改为 are.what 引导主语从句，谓语习惯上用单数，若表语为表示复数意义的名 词时，谓语用复数。