湖南省长沙市雨花区南雅中学2023学年高三第一次调研测试英语试卷(含解析).pdf

2023 学年高考英语模拟测试卷 注意事项:1答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2答题时请按要求用笔。3请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）1Air pollution,together with littering,_ many problems in our large industrial cities today.Acauses Bcause Ccaused Dcausing 2As a child,I was _to keep quiet when my parents were discussing something,while parents nowadays often ask for their childrens opinions.Ademanded Bhoped Cforbidden Drequired 3You _ have booked the tickets in advance;there were plenty left.Aneednt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmustnt 4The lady standing over there may be from the USA,_ I guess has lost her way.Awhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 5Look!Mary is crazily looking for something again!_,she cant find her keys.ATypically BOccasionally CAccordingly DParticularly 6Nowadays,more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment _ to do online shopping.Aneeded Bneeding Cneed Dto need 7In terms of Mrs.Mengs being arrested without solid evidence,the western media has _ public attention away from where it should be,that is,the rule of law.Atransformed Bshifted Cattracted Dchanged 8Emphasis on quantity of growth overlooked gaps in the quality,_ many aspects of the social services neglected.Ahaving left Bto be leaving Cto have left Dleaving 9 He made an apology be blamed what he had done.Its really wise of him.Aso as to not;of Bin order to not;for Cso as not to;for Din order not to;of 10Dont forget to send _ attended the conference a follow-up email.Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhoever Dwherever 11The teacher often gives his students a brief pause in class _ they can take in what he has taught.Awhy Bwhen Cwho Dwhich 12No student _ go out of school to have lunch without permission of the headteacher.Amight Bmust Cshall Dcould 13If you want to lead a happy life,youd better learn to accept life _ it is.Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhere 14All children should get access to a high-quality education _ their race,zip code or family income.Adepending on Bregardless of Cdue to Dapart from 15I am wondering how it _ that you did so much work within such a short time.Aheld up Bcame about Cgave away Dcalled for 16The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial _.a scar on the forehead.Aexpression Bfeature Coutline Dgesture 17(2013福建)_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnown BHaving known CKnowing DBeing known 18What has made him in such high spirits recently?_ by his teacher for succeeding passing the exam.ABeing praised BPraised CHaving praised DTo praise 19If an entire country gets richer at the same time,individuals wouldnt _ feel wealthier,since their relative positions in society havent changed.Anecessarily Binitially Ctypically Dsustainably 20 goes up must come down,and gasoline prices are coming down fast in some parts of America.AWhere BWhat CWhich DThat 第二部分 阅读理解（满分 40 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6 分）Blue Planet IIs latest episode focuses on how plastic is having a disastrous effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures.Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth,the Mariana Trench,have plastic in their stomachs.Indeed,the oceans are drowning in plastic.Though it seems now that the world couldnt possibly function without plastics,consumer plastics are a remarkably recent invention.The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s;the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining in popularity in the United States.This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change.Plastics pollution research,for instance,is still a very early science.We put all these plastics into the environment and we still dont really know what the outcomes are going to be.What we do know,though,is disturbing.Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year.Nearly 700 species,including endangered ones,are known to have been affected by it.One in three leatherback turtles,which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish,have been found with plastic in their bellies.Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis.By 2050,that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.And its not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas.Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster,worth mentioning to the same degree as climate change.But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change.There are no ocean trash deniers(否认者),at least so far.To do something about it,we dont have to remake our planet energy system.This is not a problem where we dont know what the solution is.We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to dispose(处理)of it.We know how to recycle.We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products.Things that may seem ordinary,like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag-when taken collectively,these choices really do make a difference.1、Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?AThe plastics pollution research is too difficult.BPlastics have produced less pollution than coal.CThe world couldnt possibly function without plastics.DPlastics have gained in popularity too fast for science to catch up.2、How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?ABy statistics.BBy quotations from leading experts.CBy using examples from his own experience.DBy comparison and contrast.3、What can we infer about climate change?AClimate change is caused by human activities.BSome people hold some doubts about climate change.CClimate change is less important than ocean pollution.DOcean plastic is more complicated than climate change.4、What is the main idea of this passage?AOcean plastic is a global issue.BThe oceans become choked with plastic.CBlue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.DPlastics gain in popularity all over the world 22（8 分）As millions of Americans crowd into the gym armed with New Years resolutions to get in shape,medical experts are offering an additional reason for exercise:Regular workouts may help fight off colds and flu,reduce the risk of certain cancers and chronic diseases and slow the process of aging.Physical activities have long been known to help maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress.Now,a growing body of research is showing that regular exerciseas simple as a brisk 30-to-45-minute walk five times a weekcan boost the bodys immune system,increasing the circulation of natural killer cells that fight off viruses and bacteria.And exercise has been shown to improve the bodys response to the influenza vaccine(疫苗),making it more effective at keeping the virus at bay.Medical experts warn inactivity poses as great a health risk as smoking,resulting in heart disease,cancer,depression,and diabetes.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says quite a few U.S.adults do not engage in any leisure-time physical activity.Even slim people who are inactive are at high risk of death and disease.So while reducing obesity is an important goal,“the better message would be to get everyone to walk 30 minutes a day”says Robert Sallis,co-director of sports medicine at Fontana Medical Center.“We find it necessary to refocus the national message on physical activity,which can have a bigger effect on health than losing weight.”Regular exercise has been shown to prevent the ongoing damage done to cells,tissues and organs that underlies many chronic conditions.Building on that earlier research,scientific studies are now suggesting that exercise-induced changes in the bodys immune system may protect against some forms of cancer.Researchers are also investigating whether exercise can influence aging in the body.In particular,they are looking at whether exercise lengthens telomeres,the strands of DNA at the tips of chromosomes.When telomeres get too short,cells can no longer divide and they become inactive,a process associated with aging,cancer and a higher risk of death.A study,published in Circulation,the medical journal of the American Heart Association,concluded that physical activity has an anti-aging effect at the cellular level,suggesting exercise could prevent aging of the cardiovascular(心脑血管)system.The guidelines,developed by the Department of Health and Human Services,recommend that adults get at least two hours and 30 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity aerobic(有氧的)physical activity,or one hour and 15 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise,or an equivalent combination of both.The guidelines also say that additional health benefits can be obtained from as much as doubling the minimum recommendation for aerobic exercise.1、What is the main purpose of many Americans who take exercise?ATo have a good figure.BTo make them strong-minded.CTo cure some common diseases.DTo prevent themselves getting old.2、It can be inferred from the passage that _.Anatural killer cells strengthen the bodys immune system Bregular exercise can remove the viruses and bacteria Cobesity has become a social problem in America DAmerican people need to attach more importance to physical exercise 3、How can physical activity stop aging?ABy preventing cell division.BBy getting rid of aging cells.CBy making telomeres longer.DBy repairing the damaged organs.4、What might be the best title for the passage?ANew Studies about Physical Exercise BThe Hidden Benefits of Exercise CHow to Free Ourselves from Diseases?DLose Weight or Keep Healthy?23（8 分）Lack of inexpensive,reliable energy delivery is one of the chief barriers to growth and development in sub-Saharan Africa.Nearly seventy percent of people living in the region lack access to electricity,forcing them to spend significant amounts of their income on costly and unhealthy forms of energy such as diesel(柴油)fuel to run generators and kerosene(煤油)for lanterns.But if there is one thing Africa is not lacking,it is sunshine.And that means a lot;indeed,for some of the worlds poorest people,it makes all the difference in the world.A little more than a year ago,Power Africa a U.S.Government initiative(倡议)coordinated by the U.S.Agency for International Development,or USAID and Power Africas partners,the United Kingdom Department for International Development,Shell Foundation,and the African Development Bank,started the Scaling Off-Grid Energy Grand Challenge for Development,with a focus on pay-as-you-go solar home systems.The Challenges goal is to provide 20 million off-grid(离网)households in sub-Saharan Africa with clean,affordable electricity by 2030.So far,the Challenge has made 40-plus investments in early-stage,off-grid energy companies,which are expected to result in some 4.8 million new electrical connections.One reason for the success of the start-up companies that have won grants(资助)from the Challenge is the fact that the cost of solar technology is falling fast,so it is within the means of those who live away from traditional power grids.And thanks to the new system of mobile money and pay-as-you-go financing,they can purchase the solar power-generating equipment they need and pay for it in daily installments(分期付款)from their telephones,for as little as 15 cents a day.Thanks to these technological and financial innovations(创新),many people are getting electricity for the first time every day.In these newly-electrified communities,businesses can boom,clinics can safely store vaccines and students may study long after dark.Indeed,access to clean and reliable electricity can enable entire communities to escape the cycle of extreme poverty.1、What is the main problem people in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with,according to Paragraph 1?AThey are lack of electricity.BThey are lack of diesel fuel and kerosene.CThey are lack of money.DThey are lack of sunshine.2、Whats the aim of Power Africa?ATo make people richer.BTo make people healthier.CTo provide people with clean food and water.DTo provide people with inexpensive electricity.3、Which is NOT the reason for the success of the start-up companies?AThe cost of solar technology is dropping.BThey live away from traditional power grids.CThey can use the new system of mobile money and pay-as-you-go financing.DThey can pay for the equipment in daily low installments.4、The text is especially helpful for those who care about _.Aagriculture Benvironment Ctechnology Deducation 24（8 分）Researchers say public mistrust of vaccines（疫苗）is causing diseases like measles（麻疹）and yellow fever to spread.The scientists said the lower levels of trust can lead to people refusing vaccines.This,in turn,can cause diseases to spread quickly,they warmed.But the researchers said they also found a high level of support worldwide for vaccinating children against disease.The researchers questioned 66,000 people in 67 countries to discover their ideas on whether vaccines are important,safe and effective.The survey showed people in Southeast Asia had the highest level of trust in vaccines.Africa showed the second highest level of confidence.Europeans showed the lowest level of confidence in vaccines.In France,41 percent of the population questioned the safety of vaccines.Heidi Larson is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.She says recent media reports of problems involving vaccines have hurt public confidence in France.Larson noted that many Europeans worried about reports of possible links between hepatitis B vaccines（乙型肝炎疫苗）and the disease multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化症）.But she said scientists found no linkage between the two.Mistrust in France was also driven by public reaction to the H1N1 influenza（甲型 H1N1 流感）outbreak fears in 2009.The French government spent$1.4 billion on 94 million doses of the vaccine.The majority were sold or destroyed.The findings come as a major yellow fever vaccination program has been launched in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola.The disease has already killed hundreds of people in the area.The World Health Organization aims to vaccinate over 15 million people in both countries.“If everyone agrees to be vaccinated,we can remove yellow fever from our country,”said Mosala Mireille,one of the doctors directing the program.1、The author develops the Paragraph 1 mainly _.Aby telling experiences Bby giving instructions Cby offering descriptions Dby analyzing cause and effect 2、The underlined words“The disease”in the last paragraph probably refer to _.Ameasles Byellow fever CH1N1 influenza Dmultiple sclerosis 3、Mistrust of vaccines in France was driven by the following reasons except _.Amedia reports of problems linked to vaccines Bpublic reaction to the H1N1 influenza outbreak fears in 2009 Cconnections between hepatitis B vaccines and the disease multiple sclerosis Dmost of the doses of the vaccine were sold or disposed of by the French government 4、Mosala Mireilles attitude towards the yellow fever vaccination program is _.AExpectant BSkeptical CCritical DCautiou