2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题及其解析.pdf
-1-2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题及其解析 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Heres a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:youre the CEO of a small business,and though youre making a nice 1 ,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world 4 .Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 ,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team -2-leader must recognize when these ideas dont 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A purchase Bprofit C connection D bet【答案】B 2.A define B predict C prioritize D appreciate【答案】C 3.A exclusively B temporarily Cpotentially D initially【答案】A 4.A experiment B proposal C debate D example【答案】D 5.A identical Bmarginal C provisional D traditional【答案】D 6.A rumor B secret Cmyth D problem【答案】D 7.A despite B unlike C through D besides【答案】A 8.Amoreover Bhowever C therefore D again【答案】B 9.A inspected B created Cexpanded D reformed【答案】B 10.Acultural B objective Cfresh D personal【答案】C 11.A end Bburden Clack D decrease【答案】C 12.Apolicy Bsuggestion Cpurpose D insight【答案】D 13.A contributing B allocating Cpromoting D transferring【答案】C 14.A As a result B At any rate CBy the way D In a sense【答案】A -3-15.A unite B finance C follow Dchoose【答案】A 16.Ashare Bidentify C divide D broaden【答案】B 17.A announcement B assessment Cadjustment Daccomplishment【答案】D 18.A famous B responsible C available D respectable【答案】B 19.ABefore B Once C While D Unless 【答案】C 20.A serve B limit C summarize D alter【答案】A Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 In the quest for the perfect lawn,home owners across the country are taking a shortcut and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this years event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHSs decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass -4-causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000 followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological damage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures However,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of 500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added:“We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass _.A is harmful to the environment B is a hot topic in gardening circles C is overpraised in the annual show D is ruining the view of west London【答案】A 22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners _.A disappointment with the RHS B resistance to fake grass use C anger over the proposed tax D concern about real grass supply【答案】B 23.In Paragraph 4,supporters of fake grass point out _.-5-A the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass B the disadvantages of growing real grass C the way to take care of artificial lawns D the challenges of insect habitat protection【答案】B 24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?A Urge legislation to restrict its use.B Take measures to guarantee its quality.C Remind its users to obey existing rules.D Replace it with sustainable alternatives.【答案】C 25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass _.A is being improved continuously B has seen a market share decline C is becoming increasingly affordable D has been a controversial product【答案】D Text 2 Its easy to dismiss as absurd the federal governments ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think its a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.-6-The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of 700U.S.taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some 81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next l0 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep Americas past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites including Ellis Island and Gettysburg and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only$3 billion a year to the national park system an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as pail of the Obama stimulus package.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50%since 1980,and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26.What problem are U.S.national parks faced with?A Decline of business profits B Inadequate commercialization C Lack of transportation services D Poorly maintained infrastructure【答案】D 27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may _.A spoil visitor experience B help preserve nature C bring operational pressure D boost visits to parks【答案】A 28.According to paragraph 5,most respondents in the survey would _.A go to the national parks on a regular basis -7-B advocate a bigger budget for the national parks C agree to pay extra for the national parks C support the national parks receive reforms【答案】C 29.The National Parks are valuable in that they _.A lead the way in tourism B have historical significance C sponsor research on climate D provide an income for the locals【答案】B 30.It can be concluded from the text that national park system_.A is able to cope with staff shortage B is able to meet visitor demands C is in need of new pricing policy C is in need of funding increase【答案】D Text 3 The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrichs eye is bigger than its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didnt remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as“cognitive offloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,-8-for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we havent lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say its too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J.Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but Id have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we dont know.”31.Sparrows study shows that with the Internet,the human brain will _.A analyze information in detail B collect information efficiently C switch its focus of memory D extend its memory duration【答案】C 32.The process of“cognitive offloading”_.A helps us identify false information B keeps our memory from failing C Enables us to classify trivial facts D lessens our memory burdens【答案】D 33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A It may reform our learning approach B It may impact our society negatively -9-C It may enhance our adaptability to technology D It may interfere with our conceptual thinking【答案】A 34.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains A requires further academic research B is most studied in older adults C is reflected in our reading speed D depends on our web-surfing habits【答案】A 35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that _.A our reliance on the Internet will be costly B the Internet is weakening our memory C memory exercise is a must for our brains D our ability to focus declines with age【答案】B Text 4 Teenagers are paradoxical.Thats a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.At the same time,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development,by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues,suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand.The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time,scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied“prosocial”and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults,ranging from 11 to 28 years old.The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend,-10-or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.B
