《高考英语介词》PPT课件.ppt

介词是一种虚词，介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分不能独立充当句子成分，需，需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词。介词短语中介词+名词、代名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）。介）。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。词后的代词永远为宾格形式。高考重点要求：高考重点要求：*介词的含义及在句中的作用。介词的含义及在句中的作用。*介词介词+宾语构成短语的作用。宾语构成短语的作用。*介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。1、(08全国卷全国卷I24)Letslearntousetheproblemwearefacing_astepping-stonetofuturesuccess.A.toB.forC.asD.byas,like：as作作“作为作为”、“以以地位或身地位或身份份”解。解。like作作“象象一样一样”解。解。如：如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.2、(08全国卷全国卷II15)ModernequipmentandnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlike_workinghere.A.withB.overC.atD.about表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./He wrote a book on science 3、(08上海卷上海卷25)Thetwosportsmencongratulatedeachother_winningthematchbyshakinghands.A.withB.onC.inD.to4、(08上海春卷上海春卷25)Nowadaysalotofadultsgotoeveningschools_furthereducation.A.afterB.inC.forD.onfor表示目的，表示目的，“为了为了”：struggle for existence 生存竞争生存竞争go out for a walk 出去散步出去散步5、(08北京卷北京卷33)Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,youdbetterleave_thebackdoor.A.forB.byC.acrossD.out经；由；从经；由；从toenterbythedoor由门进去由门进去6、(08福建卷福建卷23)Agreatmanshowshisgreatness_thewayhetreatslittleman.A.underB.withC.onD.byby“通过通过方法、手段方法、手段”：Theytravelbycarbustrainairsea他们乘汽车公共汽车火车飞机轮船他们乘汽车公共汽车火车飞机轮船旅行。旅行。YoucanreserveticketsbyphoneItsnotfairtojudgepeoplebytheirappearances以貌取人是不公平的。以貌取人是不公平的。Theyputoutthefirebypouringwateronit.7、(08辽宁卷辽宁卷33)IlikeMr.Minersspeech;itwasclearand_thepoint.A.atB.on C.toD.of表示结果、效果表示结果、效果致致,致使致使shoot a wolf to death 把狼射死把狼射死tear to pieces 扯碎扯碎to ones surprise 使某人吃惊使某人吃惊to no purpose 落空落空恰到好处恰到好处prep.表示方向、时间表示方向、时间朝朝.方向方向;向向;往往;到到fromnorthtosouth从北到南从北到南tenminutestonine9点差点差10分分表示终点、程度、范围表示终点、程度、范围达到达到,到到;趋于趋于,倾向倾向betiredtodeath累得要死累得要死toacertaindegreeextent到某种程度到某种程度范围范围表示对立表示对立,反面反面,对应对应针对针对;facetoface面对面面对面contrarytoit与此相反与此相反表示对比、比较、选择表示对比、比较、选择比比;对对equalto.等于等于prefertoThepictureistruetolife.这画栩栩如生。这画栩栩如生。表示间接关系表示间接关系给给.,于于.Igiveabooktohim.我给他一本书。我给他一本书。Itseemstomethat.在我看来在我看来.表示目的表示目的为了为了;作为作为cometotherescue前来营救前来营救drinktooneshealth为某人的健康干杯为某人的健康干杯tothatend为了那个目的为了那个目的表示对象表示对象于于;对于对于beopentopublic向公众开放向公众开放dutytothestate对于国家的义务对于国家的义务therightanswertoaquestion对问题的正确对问题的正确回答回答tomyknowledge就我所知就我所知表示结合表示结合,归属归属归于归于belongto属于属于thekeytomyoffice我办公室的钥匙我办公室的钥匙aprivatesecretarytotheminister部长的私人秘书部长的私人秘书表示适合表示适合;配合配合;按照按照按按,按照按照;随同随同singdancetothemusic配合音乐唱歌配合音乐唱歌跳跳舞舞nottoonestaste不合不合.所好所好表示关连、联系表示关连、联系对于对于,至于至于,关于关于Whatdidshesaytothat?关于那件事她说些什么关于那件事她说些什么?表示数量与单位的关系表示数量与单位的关系每每12 to the dozen 一打有十二个一打有十二个50 persons to the square kilometre 每平方公里五十人每平方公里五十人 表示原因表示原因由于由于fall to ones opponents blows 受到对手的打击而倒下受到对手的打击而倒下 to oneself专对专对;专为专为.单独所有单独所有所用所用have the room to oneself 独住一间独住一间think to oneself 自忖自忖keep oneself to oneself 不与人来往不与人来往8、(08安徽卷安徽卷23)Fredenteredwithoutknockingand,veryoutofbreath,sank_achair.A.onB.offC.intoD.toininto；onontoin与与on通常表示静态方位，意为通常表示静态方位，意为“在在里里”和和“在在上上”；而；而into与与onto则表示动则表示动态位移，意为态位移，意为“往往里里”和和“往往上上”。如：。如：ProfessorCarldippedoneofhisfingersintothemixtureandthentookitoutandsuckedit.Isawamousejumpedontothetableandbegantoeatthebread.9、(08湖南卷湖南卷27)Whendidyoulasthear_Jay?Hephonedmethismorning,andweagreed_atimeandplacetomeet.A.of,toB.about,withB.C.from,withD.from,onagreeon对对意见一致意见一致agreewith一致；相符合一致；相符合agreewithsb.同意某人的话同意某人的话适宜健康；与适宜健康；与相宜相宜Theliquordidnotagreewithme.这酒不适合我喝。这酒不适合我喝。10、(08陕西卷陕西卷19)Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccessherwildestdreams.A.atB.beyondB.C.withinD.upon11、(08全国卷全国卷II19)Thehousestillneededalotofwork,but_thekitchenwasfinished.A.insteadB.altogetherB.C.atonceD.atleast介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：法：atonce,atlast,atleast,12、(08山东卷山东卷32)Ibegantofeel_inthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.A.athomeB.atheartB.C.atwillD.atsight13、(08天津卷天津卷10)ManyChineseuniversitiesprovidedscholarshipsforstudents_financialaid.A.infavourofB.inhonourofC.infaceofD.inneedof14、(08湖北卷湖北卷30)WhenshefirstarrivedinChina,shewonderedwhatthefuturemighthave_forher,butnowallherworriesaregone.A.inneedB.intimeC.inpreparation D.instoreinin惯用成语惯用成语惯用成语惯用成语in all in all in advancein advance in the meantime in the meantime in place in place in hopes of(in hopes of(或或in the hope of)in the hope of)in in connection with connection with in contact within contact with in in addition to addition to in case ofin case of in conflict with in conflict with in in force force in depthin depth in regard to in regard to in the least in the least in the neighborhood ofin the neighborhood of in alarm in alarm in in the opinion ofthe opinion of in the long run in the long run in ones in ones opinionopinion in word in word in a word in a word in vainin vain in case in case in detail in detail in hastein haste in conclusion in conclusion in spite of in spite of in returnin return in other words.in other words.in the name of in the name of be confident inbe confident in be interested in be interested in in doubtin doubt in love in love in debtin debt in hesitation in hesitation in in wonder wonder in public(secret)in public(secret)in a in a good humour good humour 15、(08天津卷天津卷15)Attherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwas_.A.outofsightB.outofreachB.C.outoforderD.outofplace from，outof二词均表示来源或出处。二词均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为注重起点，意为“从从”；outof侧重于从侧重于从里向外，意为里向外，意为“从从里里”。如：。如：Theshoutingofthesoldiersdrillingcouldbeheardfromtheplayground.Shetookthepassportoutofherhandhagandshowedittothepoliceman.16、(08江苏卷江苏卷28)Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine?Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged_.A.beyondreachB.beyondrepairB.C.beyondcontrolD.beyonddescriptionbeyond一词用法和含义较为复杂。一方面，该词一词用法和含义较为复杂。一方面，该词可以表示具体的位置关系，另一方面，也可以表示可以表示具体的位置关系，另一方面，也可以表示抽象的意义。抽象的意义。The sea is beyond that hill大海在山的那边。He never sees beyond the present.他从未看到将来。Yourworkisbeyondallpraise你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。Shewasreallytouchedbeyondwords她确实感动得无法形容。她确实感动得无法形容。1)Solvingtheproblemis_mycapacity.A.outofB.morethanC.overD.beyond2)Heargue_smoking,andinsistedthatitwas_argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.A.for;beyondB.against;overC.for;overD.against;beyond17、(08浙江卷浙江卷17)Everythingwasperfectforthepicnic_theweather.A.inplaceofB.aswellasB.C.exceptforD.incaseof【解析】【解析】except后接名词或代词，意思是后接名词或代词，意思是“除除之外之外”，表示，表示从整体中除掉部分。从整体中除掉部分。exceptfor后接名词或代词，意思是后接名词或代词，意思是“除除之外之外”，表示两种事物的类比。如：，表示两种事物的类比。如：Yourcompositionisverygood,exceptforsomemistakes.exceptthat引导句子。引导句子。besides后接名词或代词，前边常有后接名词或代词，前边常有other，else等，意思是等，意思是“除除以外还有以外还有”。sheisfromBeijing是一个句子，只有是一个句子，只有exceptthat才才能引导从句。能引导从句。18、(08浙江卷浙江卷19)Whyareyousoanxious?Itisntyourproblem_.A.onpurposeB.inallB.C.ontimeD.afterall一、根据短文内容，用一个适当的介词或副词填入一、根据短文内容，用一个适当的介词或副词填入句中空白处。句中空白处。One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town.Suddenly the bag fell _ his horse onto the road.He couldnt get it back_ the horses back because it was too heavy for him to lift _ himself.He only hoped that somebody would soon pass _ and help him.Just _ that moment a man riding a horse came up to him,but the farmer was very disappointed when he saw who he was.It was an important man living nearby.The farmer had hoped to ask another farmer or a poor man _ him.fromontobybyatlike But _ his surprise,the man got _ his horse.He said _ the farmer,“I see you need help,my friend.How lucky you are that I am passing by _ the right time.”Then he took one end _ the bag,the farmer took the other,and together they lifted it and put it back _ the horses back.“Sir,”asked the farmer.“How can I repay you?”“Its quite simple,”the man answered _ a smile,”“Whenever you see anyone else _ trouble,do the same _ them.”toofftoatofonwithinfor