中考英语语法精讲:副词用法归纳(9).docx
初中英语语法精讲:副词用法归纳(9)句子副词在句中的位置1、句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词),反映说话人的观点和看法,如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。2、句子副词在句中的位置句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首):Obviously he cant tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了,幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中:He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didnt. 他发出狞笑,他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词,不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化:Clearly he didnt say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)He didnt say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的,你错了。(句子副词)He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)副词在句中可用作哪些成分1. 用作状语The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快过去了。We must think about this seriously. 我们应认真考虑此事。2. 用作表语The war is over. 战争结束了He isnt up yet. 他还没起床。3. 用作宾语They dont like strangers round here. 他们不喜欢这周围有陌生人。Theres a fine view from here. 从这里可以看到一片美丽的景色。I havent been able to do that up till now. 到现在为止我还没能这样做。By then he was more than fifty years of age. 那时他已五十多岁。副词用作宾语的用法十分有限,通常只用作介词宾语,并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点。4. 用作宾语补足语I need this tooth out. 我需要拔掉这颗牙。Everybody was glad to see him back. 看到他回来大家都很高兴。一般说来,能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语。如:He went to see her but found that she was out. =He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。5. 用作定语Read the paragraph below. 阅读下面的短文。We had to get off and take the bus behind. 我们得下车转搭后面的车。副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后,如the above passage / the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”,但前者的above 前置,为形容词;后者的above后置,为副词。程度副词very, much, very much的用法区别 三者均可表示“很”、“非常”,区别如下:1. very 主要修饰形容词或副词。如:The dictionary is very useful. 这本词典很有用。He drove very fast. 他的车开得很快。注:修饰副词 too,要用 much。如:It is much too expensive. 这太贵了。2. much 主要修饰动词。如:She doesnt like him much. 她不太喜欢他。Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗?注意:much 修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句 (见上例),而不能用于肯定陈述句,除非其前有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语。如:误:He likes the film much.正:He likes the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影。单个的 much (即没有修饰语)有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词,但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少数动词,且此时的 much 应置于句中,而不是句末。如:We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。3. much 除修饰动词外,还可修饰比较级和最高级以及介词短语等。如:He is much better today. 他今天好多了。This is much the most difficult. 这是最最困难的。Much to my surprise, he was a thief. 使我大为吃惊的是,他是个贼。注:very 有时也可修饰最高级 (注意在句中的位置)。如:This is the very lowest price. 这是最低最低的价格。4. 修饰过去分词,通常用 much,不用 very。但修饰已经转化成形容词的过去分词,或形容词性质较强的过去分词 (如过去分词作定语时),则可用 very。如:Her face wore a very surprised expression. 她脸上露出很吃惊的表情。5. very much 是 much 的强调说法,从理论上说,可用 much 的地方,原则上也可 very much。副词too的若干条用法说明1. 表示“也”,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,不用于否定句;在否定句中要用either。如:He doesnt like it, either. 他也不喜欢它。不过,它可用于否定疑问句。如:Wont you come, too? 你要不要也来呢?注意,有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句,表示“没有也”,此时要用too。如:He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿,但并不是也去了纽约。比较下面两句:He didnt buy a computer, and she didnt either. 他没有买电脑,她也没有买。He bought a computer, but she didnt too. 他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。2. 表示“太”且其后修饰一个“a / an+形容词+名词”结构时,习惯上要改为“too +形容词+a+名词”。如:Its too good a chance to miss. 这个机会太好,不能错过。3. 与cant, can never, impossible等连用,表示“越越好”“无论也不算过分”,注意不要从字面理解。如:One can never be too careful. 越仔细越好。It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。You cant watch your accounts too carefully. 账再仔细注意也不为过。4. 关于tooto结构应注意的几点:(1) 其中的不定式表结果,且表否定意义,若在不定式前加用否定词,则构成否定之否定(即肯定)。如:He is too wise not to see that. 他是那样聪明,不会看不到这一点。(2) 其中的不定式通常用一般式,但若语境需要,有时也可用完成式。如:Youre far too clever to have done that. 你很聪明,不会做出这事来的。(3) 若要指明其中不定式的逻辑主语,可在不定式前用for sb结构。如:The road was too narrow for cars to pass. 路很窄,汽车过不去。Hes too old for you to marry. 他比你大得多,你不宜嫁给他。(4) 当句子主语与tooto结构中的不定式有动宾关系时,其中的不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:This coffee is too hot to drink. 这咖啡太烫,不能喝。但是,有时直接用被动式也是可能的。如:It was still too high be reached. 它仍然太高,伸手拿不到。在某些特定结构(如不定式为双宾动词等)中,其中的不定式可能用被动式更合适。如:He was too young to be assigned such work. 他太年轻,不能分配给他那样的工作。He was too young to be entrusted with such a task. 他年纪太轻不宜委以这样的任务。注意,有些情况必须要用被动式,否则,意思不同。比较:She is too ill to move. 她病得很厉害,动弹不得。She is too ill to be moved. 她病得很厉害,经不住转移。He is too busy to write a letter. 他太忙,没时间写信。He is too busy to be written a letter. 他太忙,不能给他写信。(5) 在下列情况下,tooto结构不表否定意义(且其中的不定式也不表结果):与kind, ready, anxious, glad, pleased, delighted, easy, willing, eager等形容词连用时,此时 too之前通常有 only, all, but, simply, just等词修饰。如:Id be only too glad to help. 我非常愿意帮帮忙。Hes too anxious to get home sooner. 他急盼着早点回家。当句首有形式主语it,其后的不定式用作真主语时。如:It would be too costly to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车要花很多钱。在某些结构中不定式不是用作状语而是用作定语时。如:Ive got too much work to do. 我要做的工作太多了。学科网(北京)股份有限公司