Unit 1 Art Reading and Thinking 课文翻译及知识点讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册.docx

A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING西方绘画艺术简史What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. 什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个精确的定义。As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。知识点：1. west n. 西 -western adj. 西方的2. It is adj. to do sth 3. define v. 下定义-definition n.定义4. the way to do sth 做某事的方法5. the development of 的发展The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)中世纪（5世纪到15世纪）During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. 因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. 他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). 这种情况在13世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳（1267-1337）而开始改变。While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. 尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。 In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。知识点：1 the purpose of 。的目的2 be interested in 对感兴趣3 religion n. 宗教-religious adj.宗教的4 in particular 尤其The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴时期（14世纪到17世纪）New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。 As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. 因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。 They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 他们开始持一种更人性化的生活态度。 An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). 这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔（1401-1428）对透视法的运用。 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452-1519）、米开朗琪罗（1475-1564）和拉斐尔（1483-1520），在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未有的一些最伟大的艺术作品。知识点：1. as a result 因此2. concentrate on 专心于3. an attitude to 对的态度Another innovation was the use of oil paints. 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. 由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格，一些油画佳品看上去就像是照片。While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到了顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。知识点：1. innovate v. 创新-innovation n. 创新2. the use of 的使用3. look like 看起来像4. master v.掌握 n.大师In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. 在题材上，画作重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的精准画像。Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. 其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。 Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。知识点：1. increasingly adv. 逐渐，越来越2. shift from to 从到转换3. high rank 上流社会Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. 直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。 After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. 在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。 Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. 因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。From this, Impressionism emerged in France. 由此，印象派在法国应运而生。The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. 这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德·莫奈（1840-196）的一幅名为印象·日出的画作。In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scenethe subjective impression the scene gave himbut not a detailed record of the scene itself.在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动场景给他的主观印象而不是场景本身的详细记录。知识点：1. invent v. 发明-invention n. 发明2. no longer 不在3. hence 因此While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. 虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿（1841-1919年）则以人物为关注对象。Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoirs paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. 雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。知识点：1. daily life 日常生活2. be full of 充满3. as well 也Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)现代艺术（20世纪至今）After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next?” 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们该做什么？”。Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. 像毕加索（1881-1973）这样的画家试图用一种新的方法，用立体主义来分析自然界中存在的各种形状。 Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality Still others turned to abstract art. 其他人则赋予他们的画一种写实但又像梦一般的品质特征。 What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?”还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？”知识点：1. exist in 2. attempt to do 高一英语 第 7页 (共4页) 高一英语 第 8页 (共4页)学科网（北京）股份有限公司