Unit 3 The Art of Painting 单词讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册.docx

UNIT 31. *portrait n. 肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘a portrait painting肖像画a portrait of life at the French court 对法国宫廷生活的详细描述2. landscape C n. 乡村风景画；风景，景色 an artist famous for his landscapes 以风景画闻名的画家 rural/ industrial landscape乡村/工业景观 the beauty of the New England landscape 新英格兰风光之美3. wander vi. &vt. 闲逛,漫步;走失;走神;蜿蜒曲折 wanderer n. 徘徊者，流浪者 wander through 漫步穿过 wander off the subject 跑题² She wandered aimlessly around the streets. 她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。² The child wandered off and got lost. 那孩子走散后迷路了。² Try not to let your mind wander . 尽量别让你的思想开小差。² The road wanders along through the hills. 这条路蜿蜒曲折地穿过山丘。4. gallery n. 展览馆,画廊;长廊,走廊;楼上旁听席an art/a picture gallery 美术馆；绘画陈列室5. decade n. 十年，十年期 a decade 十年 decades of 数十年的 in/ over the past/last decade 在过去的十年里6. mostly adv. 主要地，一般地 be mostly from 主要来自 be mostly used for 主要用于We're mostly out on Sundays. 我们星期天一般不在家。7. pond n. 池塘，水池 a fish pond 养鱼池8. *canvas n. 画布，油画C；帆布U a canvas bag 一个帆布包9. neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood）n 街区，城区；邻近的地方 neighbo(u)r n.邻居Ø We grew up in the same neighbourhood. 我们是在同一条街上长大的。Ø a poor/quiet/residential neighbourhood 贫困的街区/安静的城区/居民区Ø We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy. 我们在附近寻找失踪的男孩儿。10. strike vt.& vi. (struck, struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)striking adj. 显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的 sth strikes sb. / It strikes sb that某人突然想到 be struck by 被击中/打动 strike the hour 整点报时 strike a match划火柴ü The tree was struck by lightning . 树遭到雷击。ü She struck him in the face. 她掴了他一耳光。ü The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。 n. 罢工；袭击；击，打be on strike 在罢工go on strike举行罢工launch a strike on/against 发动对袭击11. setting C n. 环境，背景；情节背景 set n.套 vt.设置vi. （太阳）落下adj.安排好的 a rural/an ideal/a beautiful setting 乡村/理想/优美的环境short stories with a contemporary setting 以当代生活为背景的短篇小说12. like-minded adj. 想法相投的，志趣相投的 like-minded friends 志同道合的朋友（simple-minded 头脑简单的；absent-minded漫不经心的；broad-minded心胸开阔的）13. liberation n. 解放，摆脱 liberate vt. 解放；放出；释放 liberator n. 解放者,释放者 seek liberation from 寻求从解放出来 struggle for liberation 争取解放 peaceful liberation 和平解放 liberation from poverty 摆脱贫困liberate sb/sth (from sb/sth) （从某人/事中）把某人/某物解放出来We should show respect for many soldiers who died in defense of the country in the China's War of Liberation. 我们应该尊重在中国解放战争中为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士。14. opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的 oppose v. 反对，抵制 opposing adj.对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对（做）某事She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad. 她仍然强烈反对移居国外。Our views are diametrically opposed on this issue. 在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。15. as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from books.学生们讨论观点，而不是单纯照搬课本。16. dominate vt. &vi. 在.中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 dominant adj.强大的，占优势的 domination n. 控制；支配 dominate over the weak 统治弱者 dominate the market 欺行霸市 dominate the whole city俯视全城dominant culture主流文化 the dominant partner in a company 公司里占优势的合伙人political domination 政治上的统治17. employ vt. 运用，使用；雇用employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员 employment n. 工作；受雇；就业unemployment n.失业unemployed adj.失业的employ sb as 雇佣某人担任某职务 employ sb to do sth 雇佣某人做某事be employed in doing sth.= employ oneself in doing sth 从事某事，忙于做某事employ the new method 采用新方法 the unemployed (people) 失业者l For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter. 三年来他一直受雇当消防员。l She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done. 她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。l He criticized the repressive methods employed by the country's government. 他指责了这个国家政府采取的镇压手段。18. brushwork n. (画家的)笔触，画法 canvases characterized by lively, flowing brushwork风格活泼，线条流畅的油画19. realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的 unrealistic adj. 不切实际的；不实在的 realize/realise vt. 实现，使成为现实 reality n. 真实，现实a realistic painting 写实画 a realistic novel现实主义小说 a realistic target 现实目标be realistic about 对现实一点儿 Its not realistic to do sth. 做某事是不现实的。v We have to be realistic about our chances of winning. 我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。v We must set realistic goals. 我们必须制订可实现的目标。20. essence n. 本质，精髓U；香精，精油 essential adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的 essentially adv. 本质上；本来in essence 本质上，实质上 of the essence 必不可少的，非常重要的be essential for/to sth. 对极为重要Its essential for sb. to do sth. = Its essential that sb. (should) do sth. 做某事是绝对必要的。ü His paintings capture the essence of France. 他的画描绘出法国的神韵。 ü In essence, your situation isn't so different from mine. 从本质上讲，你我的情况并非相差很远。ü In this situation, time is of the essence . 在这种情况下，时间是至关重要的。21. vivid adj. 鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 vividly adv. 生动地；清楚地vivid memories 清晰的记忆 a vivid description 生动的描述 a vivid imagination活跃的想象力describe vividly生动地描述 remembervividly清楚地记得² He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot. 他生动地描述了他那战斗机飞行员的生活。² I vividly remember the day we first met. 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。22. vision n. 远见卓识U；视力，视野U；想象C visual adj. 视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的 visually adv.在视觉上，可见地a leader of vision 有远见的领袖 have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision 视力好极好差模糊正常have a clear vision of 对有清晰的设想l The couple moved outside her field of vision . 这对夫妇离开了她的视野。l Cats have good night vision , as opposed to human beings. 猫有良好的夜视能力,而人恰恰相反。l He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars. 他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。23. display vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现（特性或情感等） display the latest fashions 展示最新时装 display sth to sb 向某人展示某物 n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示 on display (=on exhibition) 在展览中，在展出a window display 橱窗陈列 a fireworks display 烟火表演l The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work. 这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。l This column displays the title of the mail message. 这一栏显示邮件标题。24. worthy adj.值得(或应得).的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 worth adj.值得的；相当于的价值 n. 价值；作用 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的be worthy of 值得的 be worthy of mention/ attention/note 值得一提/ 注意“做某事是值得的”表达： be worthy to be done/ of being done/ of sthbe worth + n./pron./ doingIt is worthwhile doing sth/ to do sth.No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera. 作曲家直到写出一部歌剧来才被认为是名副其实。The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause . 我们筹集的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。25. calling n. 职业，事业；使命感He realized that his calling was to preach the gospel. 他体悟到宣讲福音是他的使命。26. shade n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处strong contrasts of light and shade明暗的强烈对比 in the shade 在阴凉处 put sth in the shade 使相形见绌、黯淡无光l The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer. 夏天，这些树为动物提供乘凉的地方。l We sat down in the shade of the wall. 我们在墙根的背阴处坐下。27. bathe vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 bath n. 洗澡，沐浴 be bathed in 被笼罩着；沐浴在中 bathe a wound清洗伤口 be bathed in tears/sweat 泪流满面/满身大汗28. *pixel n. 像素29. wage vt. 开始，发动 wage a war (on sb/ sth) 发动战争 wage a campaign/struggle/battle发起运动/斗争/战争 n. (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 a weekly wage of 周薪 wage cuts 减薪 a wage increase/rise of 3% 3%的加薪30. campaign n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役launch a campaign 发起一场运动 a national/nationwide campaign全国性的运动run/conduct/ carry out a campaign 开展运动 vt.&vi. 发起运动，参加活动 campaign for 为而进行的活动 campaign against 开展反对 的活动31. architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 architectural 建筑学的；建筑方面的the architecture of the eighteenth century 十八世纪的建筑风格study architecture 学习建筑学modern/ classical/ traditional architecture 现代/古典/传统建筑设计 architectural features 建筑特色32. toast n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 a piece of toast 一块烤面包片 propose/drink a toast to 为干一杯 vt. 为.干杯；烤；取暖 toast sb/sth with sth 用某物为某人/某事祝酒toast the success of 为的成功干一杯 a toasted sandwich 烤过的三明治33. garlic n. 蒜，大蒜34. mushroom n. 蘑菇35. arrange vt.&vi. 整理，布置；安排，筹备 arrangement n. 安排，筹备 arrange (for sb) to do sth 安排（某人）做某事 arrange sth with sb 安排好与某人做某事 make arrangements for 为做安排 arrive at/ come to an arrangement 谈妥、达成协议We met at six, as arranged . 我们按时在六点钟碰面。I've arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cat while we are away. 我们外出期间给猫喂食的事，我已和邻居安排妥了36. raw adj. 未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的raw materials 原料 raw meat/ fish生肉/鱼 raw coal/oil原煤/原油 a raw beginner 没有经验的新手 raw data 原始数据 be raw to 对不熟练37. *scroll n. 长卷纸，卷轴38. insight n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 insightful adj.有深刻了解的；富有洞察力的an insight into life对生活的洞悉/了解 a woman/writer of great insight 一位极有眼光的女士/有深刻洞察力的作家The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico. 这本书生动地表现了墨西哥的生活。39. crop n. 庄稼，作物；收成，产量 crop production/yield作物产量 cash crop 经济作物 main crops 主要作物 a fall in this year's coffee crop 今年咖啡产量的下降We are looking forward to a bumper crop. 我们期盼着大丰收。40. wind vi.&vt.(wound, wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 wind through 蜿蜒穿过 wind down to 蜿蜒通向 wind (up) the clock 给钟上发条wind the car window up/down把车窗摇上去、下来 wind up doing sth 以做某事告终The river winds its way between two meadows. 这条河蜿蜒流经两个牧场之间41. sail vi.&vt .(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 sailor n.水手;海员；船员 sail around the world环球航行 sail in and out of 驶进驶出 go sailing 去航海；进行帆船运动 n. 帆；乘船航行 set sail ( from/for)（从）起航/起航（去）under sail 在航行中42. civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民43. all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界44. butcher n. 肉贩，屠夫He owns the butcher's in the main street. 他在大街上开了一家肉铺。45. go about sth忙于做某事，继续做某事 go about business做生意，忙生意 go about my own business忙我自己的事go about doing sth开始做某事46. apparent adj. 显而易见，明白易懂，显然 apparently adv.看来；显然² It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。² It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing. 很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。² Then, for no apparent reason , the train suddenly stopped. 接着不知什么原因，火车突然停了下来。47. *ink n. 墨水，墨汁 be written in ink 用墨水写的48. *perspective n. 透视法U；态度，观点C；客观判断力U；景观，远景Cfrom one's perspective 从某人的观点来看a global perspective 全面的看法a perspective of the whole valley 山谷全景ü We learned how to draw buildings in perspective . 我们学习如何用透视法画建筑物。ü Try to keep these issues in perspective . 要尽量恰当地处理这些问题。49. precise adj. 细致的，精细的；准确的，精准的；恰好的 precisely adv.精确地，准确地precise details/instructions/measurements 确切的细节；明确的指令；精确的尺寸a skilled and precise worker 熟练而认真的工人small, precise movements 细微的动作She's rather prim and precise. 她拘谨严肃，一丝不苟。50. ambitious adj.宏达的,艰巨的；有野心的,有雄心的 ambition n.志向，抱负；雄心；目标be ambitious for 渴望 be ambitious to do sth渴望做某事 be full of ambition充满野心 realize/achieve/fulfill ones ambition实现某人的抱负have an ambition to do sth/ of doing sth 有做某事的愿望Jack is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to become a great scientist in the future. 51. enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 enormously adv.非常地，极其，在极大程度上an enormous amount of time /money/details大量的时间/金钱/细节 enormous interest 浓厚的兴趣52. comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的a comprehensive list of addresses 详尽的地址目录a comprehensive study 全面的研究comprehensive insurance 综合保险 comprehensive school 综合学校53. clothing n. 衣服，服装 basic necessities such as food and clothing 食物和衣服这类的生活必需品 the clothing industry 服装行业 an item/article of clothing 一件衣服54. temple n. 庙宇，寺院55. structure n. 建筑物C；结构，构造C,U；精心组织 C,U structural adj. 结构的；建筑的 a stone/brick/wooden structure 石砖木结构建筑物the social structure of society 社会的社会结构the structure of the building/human body 建筑物人体结构Your essay needs (a) structure. 你这篇文章组织不好。56. overall adj. 全面的，综合的 have overall responsibility for全面负责 an overall improvement in standards of living生活水平的全面提高the overall rise in employment就业人数的总体上升 the overall quality综合素质 adv. 全部，总计；一般来说，大体上in totalOverall, this is a very useful book. 总的来说，这是一本很有用的书。57. critic n. 批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人critical adj.批评的，批判的；紧要的，关键性的 be critical of 对持批判态度critically adv. 批评性地; 危急地；严重地a music/theatre/literary critic 音乐/戏剧/文学评论家 a fierce/outspoken critic 极端/直言不讳的批评者58. inspection n.检查，查看，审视；视察 inspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅 carry out a thorough inspection of 对进行彻底检查 be available for inspection可供查看on closer inspection 经进一步检查 go on a tour of inspection 巡视59. expose vt. 揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 exposure n.暴露；显露；揭露 expose to暴露给；使接触 expose oneself to 使自己面临；是自己暴露于 be exposed to 暴露于 exposure to 暴露于the exposure of 对的揭露 My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为记者的职责就是展示事实。 He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. 他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。Do not expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。60. political adj. 政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的 politics n.政治，政治学 politician n. 政治家，政客a political debate/party/leader 政治辩论/党派/领袖a political decision 政治决定political power政治权利 political opinions 政治观点61. soldier n. 军人，士兵 soldiers in uniform 穿军装的士兵 an enemy soldier 敌兵62. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期a political/financial/economic crisis 政治/金融/经济危机 be in crisis 处于危机之中an expert in crisis management 危机处理专家 in times of crisis在危难关头We provide help to families in crisis situations. 我们对处于困境的家庭提供帮助。The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters.这个党派在其支持者中正遭受信任危机。63. decline n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降a rapid/sharp/gradual decline 迅速急剧逐渐下降 in decline在衰退中，（数量）在下降urban/economic decline 城市衰落；经济衰退 fall/go into decline 开始衰落 vi.&vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝decline a suggestion/invitation 谢绝建议邀请 decline to do sth 拒绝做某事in sb's declining years暮年；晚年64. overthrow vt .(overthrew, overthrown)推翻，打倒 overthrow the King 推翻国王 overthrow sb to the ground 把某人打倒在地be overthrown by被推翻/打倒 be completely overthrown 被彻底推翻 n. 推翻，打倒 plot the overthrow of the government/the state密谋颠覆政府/国家65. be down to由.引起(或造成) be all down to 完全由引起/造成 Chriss success is all down to him.克里斯的成功完全是他自己努力的结果。66. *scale n. 规模,范围；等级,级别；标度；比例on a large scale大规模、大范围地 on a grand scale大张旗鼓，规模宏大on a mass scale 大规模地 weather patterns on a global scale全球气候模式67. emperor n. 皇帝 empire n.帝国 the Roman emperors 古罗马皇 the Roman empire 罗马帝国68. in ones own right凭自身的资格(或努力)=on ones ownShe became a very wealthy woman in her own right.= She became a very wealthy woman on her own.她凭自己的能力成为十分富有的女人。69. outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的stand out 突出；坚持；超群 an outstanding player/ achievement/success 杰出的运动会/成绩/成就 an area of outstanding natural beauty自然风景极美的地区70. exhibition n. 展览，展出 exhibit v. 展出，展览 hold an exhibition举办展览会 visit an exhibition 参观展览会 on exhibition 在展览中，在展出an exhibition of contemporary art 当代艺术展 an exhibition on local history关于当地历史的展览71. rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 rarely adv. 很少地；难得；罕有地 It is rare for sb to do sth. 某人很少做某事 a rare book/ coin/ stamp/ breed 一本珍贵的书/罕见的硬币/邮票/稀有品种Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention. 难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。72. speak volumes about充分说明，清楚表明=speak volumes forThe nice present speaks volumes about how much she misses you.73. historic adj. 历史上著名的；有历时期的historical 有关历史的，历史学的 historian 历史学家 a historic event 有历史意义的事件 a historical event历史上的事件 74. career n. 经历，事业；生涯，职业 my career as an English teacher 我的英语教师生涯 a career in 在领域的职业begin/choose a career开始/选择事业 career development职业发展 a change of career改变职业6学科网（北京）股份有限公司