中考英语二轮复习课件can may must 的用法.pptx

lesson12动词情态动词情态动词目录目录一、动词的种类一、动词的种类以下表格是动词的种类说明：以下表格是动词的种类说明：根据句根据句法功能法功能分类分类1.实义动词不及物动词（Vi）go walk work die smile及物动词（Vt）ask love say eat2.系动词be become turn get look seem3.助动词be do have will would should 4.情态动词can-could may-might shall-should will-would have to must 根据意根据意义分类义分类状态动词love hate like dislike think动作动词延续性动词live sit stand work learn非延续性动词die finish join leave come go二、情态动词二、情态动词 情态情态动词动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语要动词一起构成谓语(如：如：can do)can do)，表示说话人的语气、情绪，表示说话人的语气、情绪或态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词一般或态度，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词一般没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化。以以cancan为例为例情态动词情态动词cancan的用法的用法Lets chantDog,dog,can you run?Yes,I can.Yes,I can.Panda,panda,can he swim?No,he cant.No,he cant.Sarah,Sarah,can she dance?Yes,she can.Yes,she can.Mike,Mike,can they cook?No,they cant.No,they cant.Hi,my name is Can.cancan表示表示“能能”、“会会”，可以表达个人的能力可以表达个人的能力没有人称和数的变化后面跟动词原形 I can play basketball.He can play basketball.They can cook.He can do some kung fu.can的肯定句结构:主语+can+动词原形动词原形+其他。She cant play basketball.Robin cant cook.cant=can notcan的否定句结构：主语+cant+动词原形+其他Can he play football?Can she play the pipa?No,he cant.Yes,she can.cancan的一般疑问句结构：的一般疑问句结构：Can+Can+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,Yes,主语主语+can.+can.否定回答：否定回答：No,No,主语主语+cant.+cant.I can do some kung fu.I cant do any kung fu.some 常用在肯定中，常用在肯定中，而而any 则常用在否疑句中则常用在否疑句中。Can you do any kung fu?Yes,I can./No,I cant.Exercise1.He can _(play)basketball.play2.I can do some kung fu.(变否定句）_I cant do any kung fu.3.Can she sing English songs?(做肯定回答）_Yes,she can.1.can 1.can、could could 的用法的用法时态形 式肯定式否定式否定式缩略形式现在时cancannotcant过去时couldcould notcouldnt二、情态动词二、情态动词1.can1.can、could could 的用法的用法(1)(1)表示能力。表示能力。can can 一般指体力、知识、技能等方面的能力一般指体力、知识、技能等方面的能力,即即“能够，会能够，会”;could could 表示过去的能力。表示过去的能力。例句：例句：1.1.-CanCan you play basketball?you play basketball?你会打篮球吗你会打篮球吗?-No,I can-No,I cant t.不不,我不会。我不会。2.2.I I couldntcouldnt speak well until I was five years old.speak well until I was five years old.我直到五岁才能流利地说话。我直到五岁才能流利地说话。二、情态动词二、情态动词(2)(2)表示推测表示推测can can 意为意为“可能可能”,与与 may may 同义同义;一般一般cancan用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句和疑问句，肯定句中用肯定句中用mustmust。Who Who can/maycan/may it be?It is so late.it be?It is so late.会是谁呢会是谁呢?都这么晚了。都这么晚了。ItIt c ca ant nt be Uncle Wang.He wont be back that time in the evening.be Uncle Wang.He wont be back that time in the evening.那那不可能是王叔叔。他不会晚上那个时候回来。不可能是王叔叔。他不会晚上那个时候回来。二、情态动词二、情态动词(3)(3)表示请求、允许表示请求、允许cancan与与 maymay的意思差不多的意思差不多,但在日常口语中较常用但在日常口语中较常用 can;can;couldcould不表示过去不表示过去,只表示只表示委婉委婉地提出请求、建议等地提出请求、建议等,回答以它开头的问句时用回答以它开头的问句时用 can can。You can/may take both,if you want.如果你想要,你可以两个都拿走。Could you tell me the way to the post office?你能告诉我去邮局的路吗?-Can/Could I ask you a question?我能问你一个问题吗?-Of course,you can./No,you cant.当然可以。二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点1.-I wonder if these are Jims glasses.-They_ be his.He doesnt wear glasses.A could B.must C.cant D.may2.Dirty air and water are harmful.They _ kill plants,and even people.A.can B.cant C.should D.shouldntCA二、情态动词二、情态动词3.Could you borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you _.A.might B.will C.canD.should4.Why is she still standing there?She _be waiting for her boyfriend.A.canB.mustC.cantD.needCB2.may2.may、might might 的用法的用法时态形 式肯定式否定式现在时maymay not过去时mightmight not二、情态动词二、情态动词2.may2.may、might might 的用法的用法(1)(1)表示表示请求、允许请求、允许，比，比cancan正式正式。may notmay not用来表示拒绝或禁止。用来表示拒绝或禁止。May Might I have a few words with the manager,please?我可以和经理谈一谈吗我可以和经理谈一谈吗?I think you may drive my car,but be careful.我想你可以开我的车我想你可以开我的车,不过得小心。不过得小心。Students may not stay out after midnight.学生不准午夜后在外逗留。学生不准午夜后在外逗留。二、情态动词二、情态动词(2)(2)表示表示推测推测might may can（可能性）We may go camping this Saturday.本周六我们可能去露营。本周六我们可能去露营。Peter might phone.If he does,could you ask him to ringlater?彼得或许会打电话。如果他打电话的话彼得或许会打电话。如果他打电话的话,你能否告诉他晚些时候再打你能否告诉他晚些时候再打?二、情态动词二、情态动词用法比较用法比较:1.can:1.can 和和 may may 都可以表推测，都可以表推测，cancan用于否、疑句，用于否、疑句，maymay用于肯、用于肯、否句；否句；2.may not 2.may not 指指“可能不可能不”,”,而而 cant cant 指指“不可能不可能”。He may come or maynot come.Im not sure about that.他可能来也可能不来。我拿不准。他可能来也可能不来。我拿不准。He cant believe your so-called excuses.他不可能相信你那所谓的理由。他不可能相信你那所谓的理由。二、情态动词二、情态动词高频考点高频考点:情态动词情态动词 may may 和和 might might经常考表示推测经常考表示推测，要注意通过具体语境及把握要注意通过具体语境及把握性大小判断其性大小判断其可能性。可能性。1.1.-Sandy,is Mr Li in the teachers office now?-I am not sure.He_ be there.A.must B.cant C.mustnt D.may 2.The man _be a doctor in this hospital,but Im not sure.A.must B.would C.can D.might 3.-The summer vacation is coming.Have you made a plan for it?-Not yet.I _ go to Guilin.A.may B.can C.should D.would DDA二、情态动词二、情态动词have to:表客观，英文意为“不得不”have to的否定，助动词来帮忙 must：表主观，大多时候是“必须”mustnt 表否定，意思是“禁止”3.情态动词之must和have tomust的本意：必须陈述句：1.We must protect our earth.2.You must obey the traffic rules.疑问句及其回答：-Must I finish it now?-Yes,you must.(肯)No,you neednt/dont have to.(否)回答回答mustmust的问句，肯定回答用的问句，肯定回答用mustmust，否定回答用，否定回答用needntneednt或者或者dont have todont have to特别注意：特别注意：mustnt不能回答不能回答mustmust的疑问句，的疑问句，mustnt是指是指“禁止禁止”,”,如：如：You mustnt make noise in class.知识梳理课堂练习1.Must I do it now?(否定回答）A.No,you mustnt.B.No,you dont have to.2.Must we protect our earth？（肯定回答）A.Yes,we must.B.Yes,we need.3.Must I do it now?(否定回答）A.No,you mustnt.B.No,you dont have to.课堂练习4.Must I clean the house?(肯定回答）A.Yes,you must.B.Yes,you need.5.Must I clean the house?(否定回答）A.No,you mustnt.B.No,you neednt.6.Must they go to school now?(肯定回答）A.Yes,they must.B.No,they need.7.Must she do the homework today?(肯定回答）A.Yes,she must.B.Yes,she need.8.Must he get up at 6 oclock？（否定回答）A.No,he mustnt.B.No,he neednt.9.12.Must I go to the park?(否定回答）A.No,you mustnt.B.No,you dont have to.课堂练习mustnt 本意：禁止例题1 You _ cross the road now.You have to wait until the light turns green.A.dont B.didnt C.wont D.mustnt例题2Jack，你千万别屋子搞得一团糟，打扫房间太费事了。Jack,you _ the room such a mess.Dmustnt make好好学习例题3-_we clean the blackboard at once?-No,you _.You _ clean it after class.A.Must;neednt;mayB.Must;mustnt;canC.May;cant;mustD.Need;mustnt;mayA课堂练习1.I am going to bed.I _ get up early tomorrow.A.can B.must C.could D.may2.-May I take the cat with me,sir?-_.Pets are not allowed to come into the house.A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustntC.Yes,you can D.No,you neednt3.Lucy _ go and see a dentist because she has a toothache.Lucy必须去看牙医，因为她牙疼。4.-Must I leave now?It is still raining outside.(做出否定回答）-_.BBmustNo,you neednt.must be:“一定是”否定形式cant be，That must be Jay.He must be either mad or drunk.That cant be Jay.He is in Beijing now.3.must 表推测，意为“一定”It _ be Jack who is in the library.Im sure it _be him,I saw him off at the railway station just two days ago.A.cant;cant eB.must;mustntC.must;cantD.cant;mustnt 课堂练习CthanksTHANK YOU WATCHING THIS ONE