高三英语一轮复习语法小专题：虚拟语气导学案.docx
英语学科语法小专题导学案学 习 时 间 _年_月_日班级姓名教 学 内 容虚拟语气课 型Grammar虚拟语气的概念：虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气的运用：一if引起的虚拟条件句1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句用would/could/might/should +do。If she had time, she would go with you. If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air. 2：与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/might/should have done。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. 3：与将来事实相反,从句谓语三选一：一般过去时were to do should do,主句用would/could/might/should do。If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.4：错综条件句，即主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you were older, I would have allowed you to go there alone yesterday. 5：if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad at once.Had I arrived (= If I had arrived) five minutes earlier, I would have caught the train.Should he come (=If he should come) today, tell him to ring me up.6：含蓄条件句，即句子含有without, but for, otherwise等词，后面按主句对待。But for the rain, we would have finished the work.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.二、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 1：一、二、三、四类动词(一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week. The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2：一二三四类动词派生来的名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.3. It is necessary/strange/ impossible.that.从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that. It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.三、特殊句型与虚拟语气 1：I wish that从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。I wish that I were ten years younger. I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.2：if only表示“如果该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。He looks as if he were an artist. She looks as if nothing had happened to her.If only I had seen the film with Jane last night.注意：as if /as though 也可用于陈述语气，表示谈论可能或真实的事情。如：It looks as if its going to rain.3：I would rather that从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。（从句的谓语动词用过去时表对现在或将来虚拟，用过去完成时表对过去虚拟）I'd rather that he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.When my father is upset, he would rather that we left him alone.4：It is high/about time that.后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该”。It is high time that you went to school. It is about time that we should set out at once. 2学科网（北京）股份有限公司
