初中英语语法精讲：常考副词用法归纳（6）.docx

初中英语语法精讲：常考副词用法归纳（6）一、a bit等于a little吗？ Im not a bit tired, so I neednt have a rest. Toms mother couldnt sleep well recently. She was not a little worried about Toms health.两个词组在加了not后，意思好像大不相同，请问这是怎么回事？a bit和a little 在意思上非常相似，都表示“一点点，有点儿”之意。它们用作副词，表达“程度”时，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或比较级，意思相同，可以互换。例如：He is a bit like his father.He is a little like his father.他有点像他的父亲。The speaker spoke a bit louder in order to make himself heard more clearly.The speaker spoke a little louder in order to make himself heard more clearly.讲话人把嗓门提高了一点儿，以便让别人听得更清楚。但是，在下列情况下，它们是有区别的：1. 当它们用作定语，表达“数量”时，a bit后要加of，a little 则不用。例如：She ate a bit of bread for lunch.She ate a little bread for lunch.她午饭就吃了一点点面包。2. 但是，一旦否定，not a bit 和 not a little的意思就大不一样了，甚至相反。not a bit 意思是“一点也不”，相当于not at all，not in the least之意。例如：He is not a bit like his father.他一点也不像他父亲。Are you hungry? - No, not a bit. 你饿了吗? 不，一点也不饿。She is not a bit happy.她很不开心。not a little意思是“非常，很”，相当于 very (much), a lot 之意。例如：He is not a little like his father.他很像他的父亲。I am not a little surprised at the news. 我对这个消息深感惊讶。The boy was not a little worried because he hadnt heard from her parents for a long time. 那个男孩很担心，因为好久没收到父母的来信了。【注意】有时bit之前，还可以加little，进一步修饰程度之低，如：I'm a little bit tired. Let's take a short rest. 我稍有点累了。让我们休息一会儿。二、very和very much 我经常听到学生说：I very like English.（我很喜欢英语），或者读到类似的句子。许多英语初学者对very和very much混淆不清，看来这是一个很普遍的问题。我们知道，very和very much都是程度副词，意为“很，十分”，但是，它们修饰的对象是不同的。一般来说，very主要修饰形容词或副词，不修饰动词，例如：This dictionary is very useful to my English study. 这本词典对我的英语学习很有用。He was driving very fast then. 当时他车开得很快。而very much可以修饰这类动词，它们是like（喜欢）, love（喜爱）, prefer（更喜欢）, hope（希望）, wish（很想）, expect（盼望）, want（想要）, intend（意欲）, hate（痛恨）, regret（后悔）, admire（羡慕）, thank（感谢）, appreciate（赞赏）, miss（想念）, think of（想念）, would like（想要）, feel like doing（想要）等词（组）。这些词有一个共同特点，就是表达人的“欲想，好恶”等概念。又如：I hope to go to Beijing University very much. 我很希望上北京大学。She would like to join your club very much. 她很想参加你们的俱乐部。Thank you very much. 十分感谢！We appreciate your invitation very much. 我们非常感激您的邀请。I was very much surprised at the news. 我对这个消息感到十分惊讶。（偶尔也修饰过去分词变来的形容词）very much多用于句末，有时也可提到动词之前，如：I very much regret what Ive done now. 我现在非常后悔做过的事情。三、副词可以修饰哪些词副词可以修饰多种语法结构，对于初学者来说，掌握以下几种是必要的:1、副词可以修饰动词副词修饰动词是副词最主要的功能，可用于表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频率等。如:You must do it now. 你必须现在做它。Put you things over there.把你的东西放在那儿。She very much dislikes fish. 她很不喜欢吃鱼。He ate his breakfast quickly 他快快地吃了早餐。He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让我早些回家。I often go fishing at weekends. 我常在周末去钓鱼。The doctor examined the patient carefully.医生对病人作了仔细检查。I'll never forget meeting you that afternoon. 我永远不会忘记那天下午见到你的情况。2、副词可以修饰形容词副词修饰形容词主要见于表示程度。如:This is a very good book. 这是本很好的书。I was rather angry at what he said. 我对他说的话相当生气。Mary and Jane are quite different.玛丽与简大不一样。The music is too loud: please turn it down. 这音乐太吵人了，请把音量关小一点。It's difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。Let's go shopping now. The shops should be fairly empty. 我们去商店买东西吧。商店里人不会太多。有时也表示方面或方式等。如:I am economically independent. 我在经济方面是独立的。The book is historically inaccurate.这本书从历史上说不准确。He is a politically active person. 他是一个在政治上很活跃的人物。3、副词可以修饰副词副词修饰副词也主要见于表示程度。如:He was back quite quickly. 他很快就回来了。They thought very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。I think you have done your work very finely.我认为你工作干得不错。He spoke too quickly for me to understand. 他说得太快了，我听不懂。Having lived there for two years, he knew the place quite well. 他在那里住过两年，对这地方很熟悉。4、副词可以修饰介词短语下面是一些副词修饰介词短语的例子:I'm all for your plan. 我完全支持你的计划。He is badly in need of money. 他急需用钱。We travelled all over Europe by bus.我们乘公共汽车游遍了欧洲。I was completely at a loss what to do.我完全不知道怎么办才好。He worked deep into the night. 他一直工作到深夜。His house is directly opposite the post office. 他的房子就在邮局对面。Greatly to my regret. I cannot attend the party.很可惜的是，我无法参加聚会。He was heavily in debt.他负债累累。These marks are well above average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上。5、副词可以修饰名词或代词副词修饰名词的情况比较少见，以下是一些比较典型的例子:Hardly anyone likes him. 几乎没有什么人喜欢他。Only two men were saved. 仅有两个男人获救了。Only she remembered that it was my birthday.只有她记得这天是我的生日。The warning had come as quite a shock. 警告来得令人十分震惊。They are twice the size of chickens.它们比鸡大一倍。四、anyhow与however的区别however 和 anyhow 做“无论如何，不管怎样”讲时有什么区别吗？1. anyhow 表示“无论如何，不管怎样”时，为句子副词，用于修饰整个句子，反映说话人的看法，与 anyway同义。如：Anyhow, I dont care what grade I get if I pass. 不管怎样，只要我能及格，我才不计较分数高低呢。Anyhow, so we became friends and everything, and we call each other on the phone all the time. 不管怎样，我们成了好朋友，并一直通电话。Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. Anyway, its no secret that he owes money.  我敢肯定戴维已经告诉过你他生意上有麻烦了。反正他欠钱也不是什么秘密了。Im not sure what time Ill arrive, maybe half past seven or a quarter to eight. Anyhow, Ill certainly be there before eight oclock. 我说不准什么时候到，也许7点半，也许差1刻8点。但无论如何，我8点以前一定到那里。2. however表示“无论如何，不管怎样”时，其后通常要接形容词或副词，意思是“无论多么”“不管怎样”。如：People always want more, however rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。I refuse, however favorable the conditions are. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。However hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。A grammar rule, however true it is, is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。另外，however 还引导方式状语从句。如：The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。This was a selling job, however you look at it. 不管你怎么看待这个工作，它还是个销售的工作。学科网（北京）股份有限公司