中考语法知识专项复习之名词课件.pptx
中考语法知识中考语法知识专项复习之专项复习之名词中考考点解读中考名词总复习一三三二二名词的数名词的数名词词义的辨析名词词义的辨析名词所有格名词所有格中考链接中考链接听填信息，听填信息，语法选择，语法选择，完形填空，短文填空完形填空，短文填空四四名词名词1.Wetouredthecitybybusandbytaxi.(九下九下Module1)2.WetookatourbycoachtotheSummerPalace.(九下九下Module1)3.Ourcoachispleasedbecauseweareplayingbetterasateamnow.(八上八上Module3)名词的概念名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的用来表示各种各样的人和事物人和事物名称的词就是名词。名称的词就是名词。名词的范围名词的范围：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等。人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等。名词的作用名词的作用：名词有可数与不可数之分，有数和所有格的变化，在句中可以名词有可数与不可数之分，有数和所有格的变化，在句中可以作作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等。等。名名 词词定义：定义：表示人、事、物、地方、现象及其他表示人、事、物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。抽象概念名称的词。作用：作用：在句充当在句充当_,_,_，_主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语名词名词分类分类专有名词：专有名词：可数名词可数名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词不可数名词不可数名词（如：如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates)指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、机构或国家等专有名称的词。机构或国家等专有名称的词。第一个字第一个字母要大写（如：母要大写（如：Lucy、China）(teacher、table)(police、family)(water、bread)(happiness、joy)普通名词普通名词名词的数名词的数不可数名词不可数名词可数名词可数名词单数单数复数复数规则变化规则变化不规则变化不规则变化名名 词词写出下列名词的复数写出下列名词的复数1.jacket2.dish3.city4.boy5.knife6.tomato考点一：可数名词的单复数考点一：可数名词的单复数jacketsdishescitiesboysknivestomatoes可数名词变复数的可数名词变复数的规则变化规则变化：1.一般情况下，在词尾加一般情况下，在词尾加s2.以以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加结尾的加es3.以以辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾的，变结尾的，变y为为i再加再加es;以以元音字母元音字母+y结尾的，直接加结尾的，直接加s.4.以以f或或fe结尾的，把结尾的，把f或或fe变为变为v再加再加es.初中阶段的还有：初中阶段的还有：thief,leaf,shelf,half,self特殊的有特殊的有:roof/giraffe+sscarfscarfs/scarves5.以以o结尾的，结尾的，有生命有生命的（动植物）加的（动植物）加es;无生命无生命的加的加s.特殊的有特殊的有:kangaroo/bamboo加加s考点一：可数名词的单复数考点一：可数名词的单复数1.man_woman_归纳：归纳：特殊的：特殊的：humansGermansRomans2.foot_tooth_goose_归纳：归纳：3.特殊：特殊：child_mouse_4.单复数同形：单复数同形：menwomenfeetteethgeesechildrenmice将将a变变e即可变复数；即可变复数；将将oo变变ee即可变复数；即可变复数；sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese可数名词变复数可数名词变复数不规则变化不规则变化：5.国人复数：国人复数：Frenchman_Englishman_Chinese_Japanese_AmericanAustralianRussianIndianGerman口诀：口诀：FrenchmenEnglishmenChineseJapanesesssss英法人们英法人们a变变e，中日人们不用变，其余中日人们不用变，其余后面加后面加s.1.Thetrousers_(be)mybrothers.2.There_(be)apairofsocksonthedesk.3.There_(be)twopairsofshoesontheground.areisare通常用复数形式的词：通常用复数形式的词：trousers（裤子）（裤子）,glasses（眼镜）（眼镜）,shoes（鞋子）（鞋子）,sunglasses(太阳镜太阳镜)，stockings(长袜长袜),socks（短袜）（短袜）,gloves（手套）（手套）,jeans（牛仔裤）（牛仔裤）,pants（裤子）（裤子）,shorts（短裤）（短裤）这些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，这些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但被但被pairof/pairsof修饰时，谓语动词的形式取决修饰时，谓语动词的形式取决于于pair的形式。的形式。【现学现用现学现用】police,people,family(家人家人,表表“家庭家庭”时为单数概念时为单数概念)Lookatthose_intheboats!(people)peopleapolice()apoliceman/apolicewoman()一名警察：一名警察：一个人：一个人：apeople()aperson()Herfamily_(be)movingtoLiaoningnextweek.Herfamily_(be)havingdinnernow.isare表示复数概念的名词有：表示复数概念的名词有：如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。Maths_averyinterestingsubject.(be)Thisnews_veryimportant.(be)news,physics,maths,politics,theUnitedStates以以s结尾但不是复数的名词：结尾但不是复数的名词：isis它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【现学现用现学现用】不规则名词复数形式的构成不规则名词复数形式的构成规则规则例例词词改变单数名词改变单数名词中的中的元音字母元音字母footfeet;toothteeth;manmen；womanwomen;policemanpolicemen;policewomanpolicewomen;EnglishmanEnglishmen单复数同形单复数同形sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese;只有复数形式只有复数形式trousers;glasses;clothes;people;pants其其 他他mousemice;childchildren考点二考点二名词的辨析名词的辨析 1.Imalittlehungrynow.Ionlydranksome_beforeIcametoschool.A.breadB.milkC.bananaD.noodle2.Ourteachersusuallygiveusmany_onhowtofacedifficultiesandchallenges.A.suggestionsB.adviceC.answersD.questions完形填空完形填空BA要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不断扩充自己的词汇量。断扩充自己的词汇量。考点三考点三名词的所有格名词的所有格1构成构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在名词后加一般情况下在名词后加“s”。迈克的迈克的小小汽车汽车_以以s结尾的复数名词只结尾的复数名词只在其后在其后加加“”。教师节教师节_不以不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加“s”。儿童节儿童节_(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of表示无生命的物体的名词表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。构成。一张中国地图一张中国地图_MikescarTeachersDayChildrensDayamapofChina考点四考点四名词的固定搭配名词的固定搭配toonessurprise令某人惊奇的是令某人惊奇的是astimegoesby随着时间的流逝随着时间的流逝differentkindsof不同种类的不同种类的insilence沉默地，无声地沉默地，无声地thenumberof的数量的数量attheageof在在岁时岁时bytheway顺便说一下顺便说一下totellyouthetruth实话说实话说acoupleof两个，几个，一对两个，几个，一对asksb.forhelp向某人寻求帮助向某人寻求帮助payattentionto关注，注意关注，注意haveatalkwith和和交谈交谈playapart/rolein参与，在参与，在中起作用中起作用keeponespromise遵守诺言遵守诺言takepridein以以为傲为傲takecareof照顾照顾takeplace发生发生tryonesbest尽某人最大的努力尽某人最大的努力考点二考点二名词的辨析名词的辨析 1.Imalittlehungrynow.Ionlydranksome_beforeIcametoschool.A.breadB.milkC.bananaD.noodle2.IfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan,hardworkisthekeyto.A.treasureB.beauty C.successD.health3.Mike,a7-year-oldboy,hasagreattalentfor.Hecandrawnicepicturesthoughhehasneverlearnedit.A.artB.sportC.music D.science完形填空完形填空BC要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词，同时不断扩充自己的词汇量。断扩充自己的词汇量。A考点三考点三名词的所有格名词的所有格1构成构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在名词后加一般情况下在名词后加“s”。迈克的迈克的小小汽车汽车_以以s结尾的复数名词只结尾的复数名词只在其后在其后加加“”。教师节教师节_不以不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加“s”。儿童节儿童节_注：若表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加注：若表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s,如：如：ThisisTomandBobsroom.若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加s，如：如：TheseareTomsandBobsrooms.(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of表示无生命的物体的名词表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。构成。一张中国地图一张中国地图_MikescarTeachersDayChildrensDayamapofChina根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)2.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)3.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)4.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)5.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)6.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)7.September10this Day.(teacher)8.Jimhassome.(knife)9.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)10.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)boysglassesphotoswatchespeoplewomenTeachersknivesminutesfoot中考链接中考链接听填信息听填信息2020年中考题年中考题26.colorful/colourful形容词形容词27.bookreports名词名词28.(themorningof)August数词数词29.beautiful形容词形容词30.discussion名词名词()1.(2021广东广东,语法选择语法选择)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(风景风景)andwatch36there.A.birdB.birdsC.birdsD.birds()2.(2020广州广州,语法选择语法选择)Thebandittakesonebookandshouts,“NexttimeIwant9!”A.somemoneyB.anymoneyC.somemoneysD.anymoneysAB语法选择语法选择()3.KatherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandonDay.(2014广东广东)A.WomanB.WomenC.WomansD.WomensD2.(2020广东广东)Asyearswentby,Mr.SmithwasboredofhislookInthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smithsinterestinhis46keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet.46.A.shape B.ageC.lifeD.look完形填空完形填空D词汇复现法词汇复现法1.(2021广东广东)Forone,hewrote,“MysistersaysIactlikeanalien(外星人外星人).”Samalsosaidhehadwatchedalmostallthe45movieshecouldfind.Hislastsentencemaytouchpeopleshearts:“Iamyoung,soIcanlearntothinklikeanalien.”45.A.war B.roadC.spaceD.sportsC语境推断法语境推断法1.(2021广东广东,短文填空短文填空)LaoPansnewbookincludeshisforty-seven73.tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChinasdevelopmentindifferentperiods.2.(2020广东广东,短文填空短文填空)OnemorningJanesawsomeelderkidssellinglemonjuicebythestreet.Theywantedtoraise70.tohelptheirfriends.Thenshecameupwithan71.3.(2019广东广东,短文填空短文填空)Inthevillage,thereweremanypaintingsof75.,suchascatsandbirds.animalsidealettersmoney短文填空短文填空Chinese people in different areas celebrated the 1 in a number of different 2.A flag-raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao.A dragon boat race was held in Guangxi.A light show was held in Qingdao and New York.A lot of people went to the cinema to see My People,My Country.All Chinese people celebrated the National Day to express their 3 for the motherland.(D)1.A.national DayB.national day C.National day D.National Day(B)2.A.wayB.waysC.waysD.ways(A)3.A.loveB.lovesC.lovelyD.loving语法选择()1.A.aB.anC.theD./()2.A.whenB.whichC.whoD.why()3.A.showB.showedC.willshowD.wasshowing()4.A.bringB.broughtC.werebroughtD.arebrought()5.A.inB.atC.forD.with()6.A.soB.andC.butD.or()7.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()8.A.travelB.totravelC.travellingD.totravelling()9.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself()10.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallestAABCABBCBBWhenIwasinprimaryschool,Ifellinlovewithreading.Thebooks1metoawonderfulworld.ThemoreIread,themoreIwantedtoknow.However,myparents2affordsomanybooks.Ihadtosolvetheproblemmyself.Therewasabookshopnearmyhome.OnedayIwalkedinto3shopandpickedupabook.Ididntnowwhether4therewithoutbuyinganybooks.5sureIwasntnoticed,Ijustreadafewpagesandthenputitback.Luckily,6noticedme.Afterthat,Iwenttheretoreadeveryday.Severaldayslater,whileIwasreading,theownercameupandasked,Doyoulikereading?Ilookeddownandrepliednervously，“Yes.”“Dontworry,hesaidwithasmile.Youmayreadbookshere7youhelpmecleantheshop.Ifeltsurprised,Really?Itssokindofyou!IwasveryhappythatI8toreadthere.Fromthenon,Ispentalittletimecleaningtheshop.Afterthat,Iquietlyreadthere.Thatway,Ireadlotsofbooks.Ibecameoneof9studentsinourschool.Ievenwonsomeprizesinwriting.Nowstudyinginhighschool,Icanborrowbooks10thelibrary.Myhobbyofreadingiskept.Ibelieveitwillmakeabigdifferencetomylife.()1.A.broughtB.arebringingC.bringD.havebrought()2.A.couldntB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt()3.A.aB.anC.theD./()4.A.canIreadB.IcanreadC.couldIreadD.Icouldread()5.A.MakeB.TomakeC.MakingD.Made()6.A.somebodyB.nobodyC.everybodyD.anybody()7.A.ifB.althoughC.whetherD.unless()8.A.willallowB.willbeallowedC.allowedD.wasallowed()9.A.bestB.thebestC.betterD.well()10.A.toB.forC.withD.from1-5：AACDB 6-10:BADBDGrandpa moved in with us when I was 9.He came to Canada from China.I knew little about Chinese and couldnt 1 much Chinese to him,but it didnt matter.One way we became close was over 2 game called Monopoly(大富翁).He didnt really understand the rules,so I had to explain the rules to him.we always had a great 3 when we played the game.Many years 4 ,I have my own family.I think of Grandpa when I play games with my sons.Honestly speaking,I dont care if I win or 5 these games.It is more important to spend time with my children and understand 6 interests.I always remember how excited my kids are when they explain the 7 of those games to me.I imagine its like how Grandpa felt when he played Monopoly with me.Grandpa went 8 walks every day.He also enjoyed sitting on the sofa and looking out of the window.I often thought he was bored.9 as I grow older,I find peace in taking moments to look out of a window.It is really great,One of my biggest regrets is not spending more time with Grandpa.On the night he passed away,I felt very 10 .From my grandfather,I learnt that we should enjoy simple pleasure in life.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.1.speak2.a3.time4.later5.lose6.their7.rules8.for9.But10.sadsummary考点一：可数名词的单复数考点一：可数名词的单复数可数名词变复数的规则变化可数名词变复数的规则变化可数名词变复数不规则变化可数名词变复数不规则变化通常用复数形式的词通常用复数形式的词表示复数概念的名词有表示复数概念的名词有以以s结尾但不是复数的名词结尾但不是复数的名词考点三考点三名词的所有格名词的所有格考点二考点二名词的辨析名词的辨析(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法有生命的名词所有格的构成方法(2)无生命的名词的所有格无生命的名词的所有格构成方法构成方法Self-assessment(自我评价自我评价)明白名词的概念、用途明白名词的概念、用途熟记可数名词复数、熟记可数名词复数、名名词所有格词所有格的变化规则的变化规则了解怎样进行名词辨析了解怎样进行名词辨析中考真题的思考方式中考真题的思考方式How well do you think of your performances?名词名词分类分类专有名词：专有名词：可数名词可数名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词不可数名词不可数名词（如：如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates)指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、指表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体、机构或国家等专有名称的词。机构或国家等专有名称的词。第一个字第一个字母要大写（如：母要大写（如：Lucy、China）(teacher、table)(police、family)(water、bread)(happiness、joy)普通名词普通名词名词的数名词的数不可数名词不可数名词可数名词可数名词单数单数复数复数规则变化规则变化不规则变化不规则变化名名 词词homeworkchoice1choice1：中考解读中考解读p7-8p7-8真题链接真题链接choice2choice2：中考解读中考解读p9p9短文填空短文填空Thank you Thank you
