中考英语总复习——时态和语态课件.pptx

时时态态两现三一三一三过现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时 看时间，定语态看时间，定语态I learn English every day.I learned English yesterday.I will learn English next year.I am learning English now.I was learning English just now.I have learned English for three years.I had learned English 3 years by the end of last month.I said I would learn English the next day.初中常见的初中常见的6种时态：种时态：一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般将来时一般将来时各种时态的用法各种时态的用法一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1 1.用法：用法：2.2.结构：主语结构：主语+动词原形动词原形 /动词单三形式动词单三形式3 3.标志词标志词:1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels A.现在现在经常性经常性的的动作动作或或状态状态B.客观事实客观事实和和真理真理。always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day/week/month/year/她一到达那儿，就会给你写信。她一到达那儿，就会给你写信。一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点:在在when,as soon as,until,after,before等到引导的时间等到引导的时间状语状语从句和从句和if 引导的引导的条件条件状状语语从句中从句中,If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go camping.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。She ll write to you as soon as she gets there.用一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示将来.主将从现主将从现当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。用一般现在时。Dont get off the bus until it _(stop).You may go out to play when you_(finish)your homework.stopsfinish某些以某些以here，there开头的句子用一般现在时开头的句子用一般现在时表示现在进行时。表示现在进行时。Here comes a car.There goes the bell.二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1.用法：用法：2.结构：结构：2.标志词：标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday,three days ago,last night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago过去过去的的动作动作或或状态状态。【2010河北省卷】河北省卷】39.I _ a mistake.Please dont be angry with me.A.make B.made C.will make D am makingB主语主语+V-ed三、一般将来时三、一般将来时1.用法：用法：2.结构：结构：将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态。1）will+动词原形动词原形 2）am(is,are)going to+动词原形动词原形 3）常用）常用be doing表示将来的动词表示将来的动词:go,come,leave,stay，start，begin等等如：如：We are leaving for london.4）be about to+do和和be to+do表示即将发生的动表示即将发生的动作作 The train is about to start.She is to be married next month.be going to与与will/shall,be to do,be about to do的用的用法及区别：法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误错误)*be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.*be about to do sth.表示表示“即可，就要即可，就要”，后面，后面不能接时间状语不能接时间状语或状语从句。或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.3.标志词：标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on下面几种情况只用下面几种情况只用will/shall:表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:Will you please lend me your bike？We will help him if he asks us.表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring.三、现在进行时三、现在进行时1.用法：用法：2.结构结构:3.标志词：标志词：中考模拟：中考模拟：-Mike,who_football in the yard?-Let me go and see.（20102010顺义）顺义）A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playingA.现刻动作现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。now,Look!Listen!this week，these daysis/am/are+doing注意注意A.有几个有几个瞬间动词瞬间动词可以用可以用现在进行时现在进行时表表将将来，如：来，如：begin,start,come,go,leavebegin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I_.A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come2.-When_you_for Toronto?-Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leaveThe boy _always _ us!B.现在进行时和现在进行时和alwaysalways连用，表示说话连用，表示说话人较强烈的人较强烈的感情色彩。感情色彩。You _ always _ the same mistake!ishelping(夸赞夸赞)aremaking(责备责备)四、过去进行时四、过去进行时1.用法：用法：2.结构：结构：3.标志词：标志词：过去过去某时某段时间某时某段时间正在进行的动作正在进行的动作。at that time,this time yesterday,then,when，last night，last year,at 9:00 yesterday；from seven to nine；yesterday,yesterday morningwas/were+doing含有含有when和和while引导的时间状语：引导的时间状语：主主句中的动作句中的动作先先于从句的动作发生，且进行时间较长于从句的动作发生，且进行时间较长时，时，主句主句用过去用过去进行时，从句进行时，从句用用一般过去时一般过去时The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.从从句中的动作句中的动作先先于主句中的动作发生时，且进行的时于主句中的动作发生时，且进行的时间较长时，间较长时，从句从句用过去用过去进行时进行时，主句主句用用一般过去时一般过去时When he was playing，all of us sat still and listened.若主从句动作若主从句动作同时同时进行时，从句一般用进行时，从句一般用while引导引导He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV.谁先发生谁用进行时谁先发生谁用进行时1.用法：用法：12五、现在完成时五、现在完成时过去过去的动作对的动作对现在现在的影响。的影响。I have finished my homework.过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在,还可能继续持续还可能继续持续。I have stayed here for an hour！2.结构结构have/has+donealready,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间点时间点,for+时间段时间段3.标志词标志词 She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间等表示一段时间的短语连用。的短语连用。4.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现若句中出现时间段时间段，则必须使用，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：词转换关系如下：1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.I borrowed the book a week ago.10.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave kepthave hadhave been(to)和和have gone(to)的区别：的区别：have/has been(to)表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某某地地,说话时此人很说话时此人很 可能不在那里可能不在那里,已经回来。已经回来。侧重指经历。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表表示示某某人人“已已经经去去了了”某某地地，说说话话时时此此人人在在那那里里，或或可可能能在在路路上上，反正不在这里。反正不在这里。短暂性动词与延续性动词短暂性动词与延续性动词 将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，时间连用，其常用的方法有：其常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know join the Party be a Party memberleave be away(from)die be deadbegin be on come here be herefall asleep be asleep join the Army be in the Armycome to work/live work/live begin to study/teach study/teachB.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为 表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时过去时 He came here three months ago.C.用用“It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since (一般过去时一般过去时)”结构。结构。It is/has been three months since he came here.D.用用“多长时间多长时间+has passed+since(一般过去一般过去时时)”Three months has passed since he came here.(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：连用。如：误：误：How long have you borrow the book?正：正：How long have you kept the book?正：正：When did you borrow the book?动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣 一般现在时，一般现在时，动词用原型；动词用原型；一一般般时时单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s”s”。一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“ed”ed”。I work.He works.I worked.现在进行时现在进行时,进进行行时时过去进行时过去进行时,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。将将来来时时一般将来时，一般将来时，willwill加原型。加原型。完完成成时时现在完成时，现在完成时，have/hashave/has加过分。加过分。Exercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it .A .will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film“Harry Potter”?-The film“Harry Potter”?I _ it.Its very wonderful.(2008黄岗中考黄岗中考)A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy _(not swim)in the river yet.hasnt swum5.-Where is Liu Mei?-She_(go)home.4.-Where is your father?-He _(watch)TV in the room.7.He asked what time they_(do)at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _(join)the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9.Hes not hungry.He_ just_(have)lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit)the Great Wall before?-Yes,they_.-When _they _(visit)it?-Only a month ago.10.Im sure he _(work)it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday.A.watered，went B.was watering，went C.watered，was going D.was watering，was going4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know.A.comes,comes B.comes,will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come5.It_10 years since I_here.A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came6.His brother_from home for a long time.A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 7.-Lucy,_you_your ticket?-Not yet.(2003河北省河北省)A.did;find B.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find8.-I dont know if his uncle_-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A.will come;comes B.will come;will comeC.comes;comesD.comes;will come9.-Hurry up!Its time to leave.-OK,_.(2003江西江西)A.Im comingB.Ill comeC.Ive come D.I come10.I must return the camera to Li Lei,I_it for two weeks.A.keepB.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent(2003辽宁辽宁)11.-When_ this kind of computer_?-Last year.(2002天天津津)A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used12.-Jerry,_you_your lost book?-Not yet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find13.Do you know if_back next week?If he_back,please let me know.(2002黑龙江黑龙江)A.he comes,will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come,will comebe+done被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化考点一考点一:一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebe going to+be+done现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+done考点二考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况:Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells感官动词感官动词,和和sell,write,wash，read，open，burn等动词用等动词用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动.Many people _ during the earthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.diedhappen,die,fit,take place,come true，belong to等动词不使用被动.主动主动:被动被动:see/hear sb.do sth be seen/heard to do sthmake sb.do sth.be made to do sth.使役动词和感官动词再变为使役动词和感官动词再变为被动语态时必须还原被动语态时必须还原toThe man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen throwing C.made;saw Children should _.A.take good care of B.be taken good care C.be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词介词或副词 Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed/requir/want可以用可以用-ing形式表示形式表示被动被动need to be done =need doingsth be worth doing是主动表被动是主动表被动This book is worth.A.read B.to read C.reading巩固训练：巩固训练：1.The key _for locking the classroom door.A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use2.A new school _over there in two years.A.may built B.may be built C.is built 3.He was made _yesterday.A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949.A.was found B.is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.will giveBBBCCMany thnks!