中考英语语法专题复习---动词和动词短语课件.pptx

初三英语语法专题复习初三英语语法专题复习-动词和动词短语动词和动词短语 表示动作或运动状态的词叫做动词表示动作或运动状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词（能，动词可分为四类：实义动词（Notional Verb）、连系动连系动词（词（Link Verb）、助动词（助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词情态动词（Modal Verb）;还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类:及及物动词（物动词（Transitive Verb）和不及物动词）和不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）。中考考点解读动词辨析和动词短语是高频考点完形填空，短文填空短文填空 （20年）She felt sad that the kids there didnt have new clothes to 68 and toys to play with.With the help of her mother,Jane 72 up her first lemonade stand(摊档).（19年）I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to _72_ a photo of that painting and me.（18年）Each time they were about to give up,their father _72_ them up patiently.cheerwearsettake实义动词的基本形式考点1基本形式构成规则例子动词原形 动词的原始形式study,be,like,catch,depend第三人称单数以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的+espasspasses，teachteaches，gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再+escarrycarries，crycries，flyflies，trytries其他情况：在词尾+sreadreads，taketakes，putputs不规则变化（只有一个）havehas实义动词的基本形式考点1基本形式构成规则例子现在分词以不发音的e结尾，去e再+ingwritewriting，havehaving，makemaking重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再+ingswimswimming，runrunning，getgetting以ie结尾，改ie为y，再+ingdiedying，lielying，tietying其他情况：在词尾+ingreadreading，catchcatching，dodoing实义动词的基本形式考点1基本形式构成规则例子过去式与过去分词一般情况：在词尾+edworkworked，passpassed，dependdepended以e结尾，直接+dlivelived，hopehoped，decidedecided以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i再+edstudystudied，worryworried，hurryhurried重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再+edstopstopped，shopshopped，planplanned不规则变化taketooktaken,gowentgone实义动词的词义辨析考点2完形填空常考动词归纳Aagree同意；赞同allow允许avoid避免；防止Bbreak打破；打碎build建造Cchange改变compare比较；对比connect连接；与有联系consider考虑；认为control操作；操纵；限制；约束；管理Ddepend视而定；决定于；依靠，信赖describe描写，描述（7年2考）discover发现；发觉；找到disturb打扰；妨碍Eencourage鼓励实义动词的词义辨析考点2完形填空常考动词归纳examine检查；检验explain解释；说明Ffill填满；填充force强迫，迫使forget忘记Gguess猜测，估计guide指引；指导connect连接；与有联系consider考虑；认为control操作；操纵；限制；约束；管理Ddepend视而定；决定于；依靠，信赖describe描写，描述（7年2考）discover发现；发觉；找到disturb打扰；妨碍Eenjoy喜爱，享受的乐趣实义动词的词义辨析考点2完形填空常考动词归纳Iimagine想象，设想Llaugh笑leave离开lend借给，借出lift举起，抬起，提起live居住，生活Ppush督促，推动，鞭策Rrealize理解，领会，认识到refuse拒绝（7年2考）Ssell出售，销售，卖shout喊叫，呼叫show展示，显示smile微笑spread拓展；蔓延；传播support支持实义动词的词义辨析考点2完形填空常考动词归纳Tthrow扔，掷（7年2考）try尝试，设法，努力Wwash洗连系动词考点3连系动词是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。用法例子be动词Heisateacher.他是一名教师。五变：be/become变成，turn变（色），get变（温），go变（质）be/becomehappy,turnred,getcool/warm/hot/dark,gobad（变质）五感官：look,sound,taste,smell,feel（眼看，耳听，口尝，鼻闻，手摸）Lilysaystheflowersintheparklookbeautifulandsmellsweet.Weeatsomefoodthereandittastesdelicious.Wefeelhappy.Thetripsoundswonderful.助动词考点4(1)一般没有词义；(2)不能单独作谓语，与其他动词一起构成谓语，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。(3)有人称、数和时态的变化。1.助动词（be,have,has,had,do,does,did,shall,will）的语法特征情态动词考点51.情态动词一览表情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，要与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词后要使用动词原形，没有人称和数的变化（haveto和beableto除外）。情态动词 过去式 词义句型变化cancould能；会；可以Icouldswimattheageofseven.（肯定）Icouldntswimattheageofseven.（否定）Couldyouswimattheageofseven?（一般疑问）maymight可能；也许Youmaytakeawalkaftersupper.（肯定）Youmaynottakeawalkaftersupper.（否定）MayItakeawalkaftersupper?（一般疑问）情态动词 过去式 词义句型变化must必须；一定Wemustarrivehomebefore10:00.（肯定）Weneednt/donthavetoarrivehomebefore10:00.（否定）Mustyouarrivehomebefore10:00?（一般疑问）have/hastohadto不得不Tomhadtogohomeonfootlastnight.（肯定）Tomdidnthavetogohomeonfootlastnight.（否定）DidTomhavetogohomeonfootlastnight?（一般疑问）情态动词 过去式 词义句型变化should/oughtto应该Weshould/oughttokeeptheairfresh.（肯定）Weshouldnt/oughtnottokeeptheairfresh.(否定)Shouldwekeeptheairfresh?/Oughtwetokeeptheairfresh?(一般疑问)need需要注意：need作情态动词使用时一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Youneedntcloseallthewindows.（否定）NeedIcloseallthewindows?（一般疑问）hadbetter最好Youhadbetterstayathome.（肯定）Youhadbetternotstayathome.（否定）常考动词短语归纳:1.同一动词型looklookfor寻找lookafter照顾;看管lookaround环顾四周lookup查找(在字典或参考书中);抬头看lookat看 looklike看起来像lookthrough浏览lookdownupon看轻 lookover仔细检查lookout向外看turnturnon打开(电器,水龙头等)turnoff关上(电器,水龙头等)turnup开大(音量,煤气)turndown关小(音量,煤气);拒绝fallfalloff从掉下来fallbehind落后fallover摔跤,跌倒在地falldown跌倒;倒塌putputaway收拾好,放好puton穿上putdown把放下putup举起;张贴;建造sendsendfor派人去请sendaway开除,除名sendup发射sendout发出hear hearof听说hearfrom收到某人来信hurry hurryoff匆忙离去hurryup赶快taketakearest休息一会takeawalk散步takeaway拿走takeoff脱掉,(飞机)起飞taketo把拿到(带到)takeonestime别着急paypayfor付钱payback还债,偿还payoff付清,偿清(债务)talktalkabout谈论(事)talkwith与某人交谈talkover商量comecomeback回来comedown下来comefrom来自comein进来comeout出现getgetback返回,取回gethome到家getinto进入getoff下车geton上车geton/alongwith与某人相处getreadyfor为准备getreadytodosth.准备做某事 getup起床gogoonwith继续goondoingsth.继续做gotobed睡觉gotosleep入睡goshopping(forawalk,tothecinema,home)去买东西(散步,看电影,回家)gotoschool上学havehaveacold着凉,伤风haveagoodtime玩得高兴havealookat看一看haveamatch比赛havearest休息一会儿 haveatalk谈话haveto不得不haveclasses上课havebreakfast(lunch,supper)吃早饭(午饭,晚饭)waitwaiton服侍(某人)waitfor等待(某人)writewritedown写下,记下writeto给写信helphelpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助某人helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事wantwanttodosth.想做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事agreeagreewithsb.同意某人的意见agreetosth.同意某事2.“动词+介词”型动词+offputoff推迟falloff跌落setoff动身keepoff使不接近动词+oncarryon继续进行liveon以为食dependon取决于holdon坚持,等一等动词+withcomeupwith想出,提出makefriendswith和交朋友keepintouchwith和保持联系动词+upgrowup长大cheerup使高兴hurryup赶快lookup查阅giveup放弃makeup编造;化妆pickup捡起;接载takeup占用;开始某事ringup打电话stayup熬夜setup建立wakeup醒来putup张贴;举起动词+forcarefor照顾;照料waitfor等待askfor请求;恳求sendfor派人去叫;请(某人)来applyfor申请diefor为而死payfor付费;付出代价preparefor为做准备searchfor搜寻;查找standfor是的缩写;代表一、同一动词型一、同一动词型二、同一介词型()1.(2019广东,单项填空)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.They_killplants,andevenpeople.A.canB.cantC.shouldD.shouldntA()2.(2021广州,语法选择)“Well,”saidthefirst,“IknowI8domuch,butperhapsIcancheerhimalittle.Illgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcantdoanythingmore.HereIgo!”A.needntB.shouldntC.mustntD.cantD()3.(2020广州,语法选择)Soonthehouseisfilledwithbooks.Hiswife,Alice,isangry.“You3dosomething!”A.mustB.could C.would D.mayA()1.WhichbicycleshouldIchoose,sir?It_whatyouwanttouseitfor.（2020江苏南京改编）A.takesonB.caresonC.putsonD.dependson()2.Tonysroomistidy,isntit?Yes.Becausehealways_histoysafterplayingwiththem.（2020辽宁营口）A.movesawayB.putsawayC.sweepsawayD.givesaway()3.Howwasyourtripinthemountainslastweekend?Fantastic.Weeven_atentbythelakeandlayinit.（2020四川泸州）A.putonB.putoffC.putdownD.putupDBD()4.Itisverycoldoutside,dear.Youhaveto_yourwarmjacket.OK.Iwill,Mom.（2020湖北黄冈）A.putonB.putoffC.takeoffD.takeup()5.SomeChinesegovernmentofficershaveturnedintolivestreamers(网络主播).Yes.Theyretryingtheirbesttohelplocalfarmersto_productsales.（2020湖北咸宁）A.compareB.improveC.affordD.provide()6.Hi,Jill.IdliketosharewithyouthelatestnewsabouttheheightofQomolangma.Really?Makesurethenewsistruebeforeyou_it.（2020安徽）A.receiveB.spreadC.cancelD.hearABB()7.Hmm,something_sogood.Isitacake?CanItrysome?Hand-madecookies.Stillwarm.Hereyougo!（2020江苏无锡）A.feelsB.looksC.smellsD.tastes()8.Mum,itstoohot._Iswiminthelakewithmyfriends?No,you_.Thatstoodangerous!（2020湖北咸宁）A.Could;mustntB.Need;couldntC.Must;needntD.Should;cantCA()9.Song of Autumn byLiuYuxidescribesautumninadifferentway.Iagree.Mostpoets(诗人)describethisseasonto_afeelingofsadness,butinLiuseyesautumnisfulloflifeandhope.（2020江苏泰州）A.excuseB.expressC.expectD.explain()10.InChina,manystudentsfeelstressedbecauseoftoomuchhomework.Dontworry.Ourgovernmenthasrealizedthisproblem.Imsurethere_begoodnewsforthemsoon.（2020江苏泰州）A.canB.mustC.shouldD.needBB一、（一、（动词）1.I was resting in a caf one evening.Looking at my expensive new shoes,I was really happy.Then a thin boy in a dirty shirt came to me.Before I said a word,he took out his tools of shoe-cleaning.He started to _ off my shoes and began to clean them.2.Dont forget to _ the windows of the classroom.It seems to be rainy tonight.3.I am sorry.I am afraid I will arrive a little late.I didnt catch the early bus so I had to _ for the next one.4.It is important for me to do my homework and _ it in on time.Or my teacher will mark me zero.handtakeclosewait二、二、语篇提升（篇提升（动词专练）二、二、语篇提升（篇提升（动词专练）1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ keepcameplay/stayanswered/repliedthinksendputwent/cameseethanked