中考英语状语从句课件 (2).pptx

状语从句状语从句 在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。有的状语从句可以在主句前（其后常用句。有的状语从句可以在主句前（其后常用逗号与主句隔开），有的状语从句可以在主逗号与主句隔开），有的状语从句可以在主句后（其前不用逗号与主句隔开），有的既句后（其前不用逗号与主句隔开），有的既可以在主句前又可以在主句后。状语从句通可以在主句前又可以在主句后。状语从句通常由一个连词或由一个起连词作用的词组引常由一个连词或由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、和比较目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、和比较9种种意义。意义。(一一)时间状语从句时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词和词组有：引导时间状语从句的连词和词组有：when,while,as(当当时时)；as soon as,the moment,directly,instantly,immediately（一（一 就）；就）；until,till（直到（直到）；）；before（在（在以前）；以前）；after（在（在以后）；以后）；since,ever since（自（自以来）；以来）；once（一旦）；（一旦）；whenever（任何时候）；（任何时候）；every time,each time（每次）。（每次）。When we live in town we often went to the theatre.我们在城里住时常常去看戏。我们在城里住时常常去看戏。I didnt know any English before I came here.我来这儿以前一点英语也不懂。我来这儿以前一点英语也不懂。After he left school,he went to Xizang.他离开学校后到西藏去了。他离开学校后到西藏去了。We must strike while the iron is hot.我们要趁热打铁。我们要趁热打铁。As the sun rose the fog disappeared.太阳出来时雾就消散了。太阳出来时雾就消散了。Tell him as soon as he arrives.他一来就告诉他。他一来就告诉他。I havent heard from him since he left.他走之后我还没接到过他的来信。他走之后我还没接到过他的来信。They didnt come back until it was dark.他们直到天黑才回来。他们直到天黑才回来。Whenever she had a cold,she ate only fruit.每当感冒了她只吃水果。每当感冒了她只吃水果。Every time I listen to music Ill think of it.每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope.我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。I came immediately you called.你一打电话我就来了。你一打电话我就来了。I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrive.我一住进旅馆他就到了。我一住进旅馆他就到了。有时从句中可省略一些词：有时从句中可省略一些词：Often she would weep when（she was）alone.她一个人时，常常哭泣。她一个人时，常常哭泣。Even as a boy he was hopeless at maths.小时侯他数学就很差。小时侯他数学就很差。Whenever possible,they should be typed.每当可能，就应把它们打出来。每当可能，就应把它们打出来。在在before,after,since 之后可用名词或动之后可用名词或动名词（这时他们是介词）：名词（这时他们是介词）：She waited a little while before making up her mind.她等一会儿才做出决定。After sending you that letter I recollected how stupid I was.把信寄给你之后我想起我多么愚蠢。在时间状语从句中，应该用一般将来时在时间状语从句中，应该用一般将来时的，常用一般现在时；该用过去将来时的，的，常用一般现在时；该用过去将来时的，常用一般过去时；该用将来进行时的，常用常用一般过去时；该用将来进行时的，常用 现在进行时：现在进行时：I will tell him when he comes back.他回来时我就告诉他。I said I would tell hem when he came back.我说他回来时我就告诉他。1、when,while,as 这三个词都表示主句和从句动作同时发生，常可换用。（1）when 既可指某一时间点，也可指一段时间；while 强调一段时间，所以从句的谓语动词常是延续性的；as 强调主句和从句的动作相并发生，常可译作“一边一边”：When he returned,his wife was cooking.他回来时，他妻子在烧饭。While he was reading（或read）,his wife was cooking（或cooked）.他看书时，他妻子一直烧饭。As he was reading（或read）,he was listening(或listened)to the radio.他边看书边听广播。(2)when 和和 as 常表示从句动作先于主句，常表示从句动作先于主句，有时有时when 还可表示从句动作后于主句：还可表示从句动作后于主句：When he arrived,she had left.他来时，她已走了。他来时，她已走了。when 和和 while 都可作为并列连词，连接都可作为并列连词，连接并列分句，并列分句，when 表示表示“就在这个（或那就在这个（或那个）时候个）时候”；while 具有对比的含义，表具有对比的含义，表示示“而而”，“可是可是”：We were about to start when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。You like sports while I like reading.你喜欢体育，而我喜欢读书。（3）“when it comes to+名词/动名词”是固定句型，意为“当谈到；当涉及到”。Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true when it comes to class test.2、表示“一 就”的连词和词组：As soon as（或Directly,Instantly,Immediately,The moment）he comes,Ill tell you.他一来，我就告诉你。I had hardly（或scarcely）sat down when（或before）the telephone rang.我刚坐下，电话铃就响了。否定词 hardly,scarcely 和no sooner 位于句首时要用倒装句。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他刚到，她就开始诉苦了。No sooner had he left home than itbegan to rain.3、till和和until 都表示都表示“直到直到”但句首多但句首多用用until.（1）在肯定句中表示）在肯定句中表示“直到直到为止为止”,主句要用延续性动词主句要用延续性动词:I waited till(或或until)he arrived.我一直等到他来我一直等到他来.（2）在否定句中）在否定句中,表示表示“直到直到才才”,主主句通常用终止性动词句通常用终止性动词,这时这时 till和和 until可可用用 before替换替换:I didnt leave till(或或until 或或before)she came back.（二）（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句引导地点状语的连词引导地点状语的连词:where(在在地方地方)；wherever(无论何地无论何地)；everywhere(每一每一地方地方)等等:There are plenty of sheep where I live.我住的地方羊很多我住的地方羊很多.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者有志者,事竟成。事竟成。指具体地点时指具体地点时,从句可放在主句前从句可放在主句前,也可也可放在主句后放在主句后(如前一例句如前一例句);兼有抽象条件的含兼有抽象条件的含义时义时,从句须放在主句前从句须放在主句前(如后一例句如后一例句)（三）（三）原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词引导原因状语从句的连词:because(因因为为);as(由于由于);since,now(that)(既然既然);seeing that(鉴于鉴于)；considering that（考（考虑到，因为）等。虑到，因为）等。1、because,since,as 都可表示都可表示“因为因为”。（1）because 表示原因的语气最强，通常回答以疑问词why 引导的问句，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后；since 表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原因，比as 正式；as 表示对方已知道的原因。since 和 as 不回答why 引导的疑问句，而且其从句一般放在句首：I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。Since no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.既然没人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧。As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.由于他未及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。（2）because 是连词，because of 是短语介词。（3）because 和 so 不可连用在一起，只用其中的一个。（4）for 也常引导表示原因的分句，但 for是并列连词，因此不能用于句首；for 提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，且 for前常有逗号：The days are short,for it is now December.白天短了，因为已是12月了。（四）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that,so that（为了）；for fear that,in case,lest（以免）等。1、in order that,so that 引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词，现在时态常用 may,can 或 will;过去时态常用 could,should或 might（含义较正式），有时也用would。in order that 比so that 正式，in order that 引导的从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后；而so that 引导的从句只可位于主句后：He sent the letter by air mail in order that(或so that)it might reach them in good time.这封信他航空寄去，以便他们能及时收到。2、for fear that,in case,lest 引导的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气：Be quiet,in case you should wake the baby.（五）结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词：sothat,suchthat（如此以至于）；so that,that（结果）等。1、sothat,suchthat 常用句型为：so+形容词（或副词）+thatso+形容词+a（或an）+单数可数名词+thatsuch+a（或an）(+形容词)+单数可数名词+thatsuch（+形容词）+复数可数名词+thatsuch（+形容词）+不可数名词+thatsuch+that He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.他讲得太快，我跟不上。It was such a good day(=It was so good a day)that we all went swimming.天气那么好，我们都去游泳了。The film was such that everyone wasdeeply moved.电影如此精彩，观众都被深深地打动了。2、so that,that都可以表示结果，so that 较常用，that 多见于口语中：He didnt study hard,(so)that he failed in the exam.他没用功学习，结果他考试没及格。So that引导目的状语从句时，该从引导目的状语从句时，该从句中常常使用句中常常使用may(或或might)等情态动词；等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中多不用情态动引导结果状语从句时，从句中多不用情态动词，而且从句前有逗号，再者可根据上下文词，而且从句前有逗号，再者可根据上下文来判断。来判断。（六）（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：if,suppose,supposing(that),provided,providing(that),on condition that（如（如果，假如）；果，假如）；unless（除非）；（除非）；so（或（或as）long as，only if（只要）；if only（但愿/要是就好了）；in case（万一）。在条件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时（和时间状语从句相同）：You will miss the train if you dont hurry.You would miss the train if you didnt hurry.你要不快点，就会误了火车。Will表示表示“愿意愿意”时，是情态动词，可用于时，是情态动词，可用于条条件状语从句：件状语从句：If you will go,please tell me.1、unless 在意义上等于 if not,但比if 语气更强：You will fail unless you study hard.(=You will fail if you do not study hard.)除非你努力学习，否则你要失败。if 可用于虚拟语气，可用于虚拟语气，unless 不用于虚拟语气。不用于虚拟语气。2、suppose 和 supposing(that)相当于if。3、provided,providing that,in condition that,so(或as)long as 相当于only if:As long as(=Only if)you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。4、in case:Do tell us in case you have trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。（七）方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词：as（如同）；as if（或as though）（好像）。1、as 和 like 都有“好像”的意思，as是连词，后加句子；like是介词，后加名词、代词或名词性短语：I work as others do（或 like others）.我像别人那样工作。2、as if,as though两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，as if比as though更常用：They are talking as if(或as though)they had seen a ghost.他们谈着话，就像是见了鬼。（八）让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词和词组：although,though（虽然）；even if（或even though）（即使）；as,while,for all(that)（尽管）；whetheror（不论还是；whoever,no matter who（无论谁whenever,no matter when（无论何时）；however,no matter how（无论怎样）；whatever,no matter what（无论什么）；wherever(无论哪里）；despite the fact that（不管）等。1、although和 though都表示“虽然”，但although比 though正式，更多用语句首；二者都可与yet,still或 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用：He didnt stop working though（或although）he was ill.他虽然病了，但未停止工作。2、as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，可用though 代替，但比though 语气强，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语和动词原形：Child as（或though）he is,he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。Good as he is,he will never be top of his class.他虽然很好，但他决不会成为班上的尖子。Hard as（或though）he works,he makes little progress.虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。Try as（或though）he might,he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。3、while 有时可引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首：While I like the colour,I dont like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。4、whatever（或wherever）和 no matter what（或when）二者都可引起让步状语从句，但前者有时还可引出主语从句和宾语从句等，后者却不行：Whatever you say,I wont believe you.（状语从句）不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。Ill eat whatever you give me.（宾语从句）你给我什么我就吃什么。（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句主要由than和as 引起：1、原级比较：甲方像（或不如）乙方肯定式：as+原级形容词/原级副词+as 从句否定式：as+原级形容词/原级副词+as 从句He is as（否：not so或not as）tall as you.他像你一样高。（否：他不如你高。）在第一个在第一个as前可加程度状语前可加程度状语 quite,almost,nearly,just,twice,three times 等：等：Our room is twice as big as yours.我们的房间是你们的两倍大。在很多情况下，从句中有些词省略：在很多情况下，从句中有些词省略：She was as interested in music as ever.她还像过去一样对音乐有兴趣。He doesnt work as hard as her(she does).他工作不像她那样努力。2、比较级比较：甲超过（或、比较级比较：甲超过（或“不及不及”乙）乙）比较级形容词或比较级副词比较级形容词或比较级副词+than从句从句He runs faster than you（do）.他跑得比你快。他跑得比你快。She was now happier than she had ever been.现在她比过去任何时候都快活。现在她比过去任何时候都快活。在很多情况下，从句中有些词省略：在很多情况下，从句中有些词省略：He has more time than me(I).他的时间比我多。他的时间比我多。It is ever colder than yesterday.今天比昨天还冷。今天比昨天还冷。1.The baby didnt stop crying _ the mother came in.A.when B.until C.as soon as D.as2.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voice.A.as B.when C.after D.whileBB3.Hardly had the minister finished his statement _ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.A.than B.then C.as D.when4.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave,_ something occurred which attracted my attention.A.unless B.until C.when D.whileDC 5.“It is a long time _ I saw you last.“Yes.And it will be a time _ we see each other again.A.whenwhen B.beforebefore C.sincebefore D.thenthen6.“when did he leave the classroom?”“he left _ you turned back to write on the blackboard.”A.the time B.until C.the minute D.beforeBD 7.I have kept that portrait _ I can see it every day,as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A.which B.where C.whether D.when D 8._ you are familiar with the authors ideas,try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.A.Now that B.Ever since C.So that D.As long as9.We eat _ we may live.A.which B.then C.so that D.becauseAC10.Please remind me of the meeting tomorrow _ I forget it.A.in case B.or C.in any case D.but11.The performance was such _ the audience was deeply moved.A.as B.that C.so D.so thatAB 12._ or not we had a baby,we couldnt survive only on my salary.A.As B.Even C.However D.WhetherD13.He talked _ he had been to America many times.A.much like B.so that C.as if D.in that14.Africa is not as large _ Asia.A.so B.than C.as D.like CC15.The earth revolves a little more rapidly _ it is closer to the sun.A.when B.or C.than D.whether16._ that my head had cleared,my brain was also beginning to work much better.A.For B.Now C.Since D.DespiteDB 17._ you are free tonight,why not drop in and play chess with me?A.For B.Since C.Because D.Even if18._ I will learn it well.A.No matter how English is difficult B.however English is difficult C.No matter how difficult is English D.However difficult English isBA19.With the development of science and technology,_ was impossible in the past has come true now.A.that B.what C.which D.it C 20._ I was sufficiently recovered I promised to meet him there in a month.A.In order that B.In case that C.Provided that D.Even if C 21.It wasnt such an interesting book _ he had promised me.A.that B.what C.as D.than 22.Hardly had she finished her speech _ the audience started cheering.A.and B.when C.as D.than AB 23._,I couldnt find the answer to the question.A.As I tried B.As I might try C.Try as I might D.Might as I try24.You will be late _ you go there by car,for the theatre is too far away from here.A.as though B.as if C.even if D.now thatAA