中考英语复习定语从句和宾语从句-(从句辨析) 课件.pptx

关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有几种作用。1.在从句中代替先行词。2.在句中作状语。3.连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/inwhich)why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。(thereasonwhy)关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayed=Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasntclean.ThehotelwhichwestayedatwasntcleanThehotel关系词略westayedatwasntclean.atthehotel.2.when的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）Illneverforgettheday.+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.从句3.why的用法：(表示原因的名词)ThereasonwhyImcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.1.何为定语从句？何为定语从句？定语从句定语从句Attributive Clause定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫定语从句定语从句。定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。如如1.The man who(that)came first is John.修饰名词修饰名词man 2.The handkerchief which(that)you gave me wasnt clean.修饰名词修饰名词handkerchief 3.My father does morning exercise every day,which is good for his health.修饰整个句子修饰整个句子2.定语从句的构成定语从句的构成定语从句所修饰的词叫作定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词先行词，而引导定语从句的，而引导定语从句的词叫词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。关系词一般。关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。如：如：There was a young man(who liked paintings).句中，句中，who为关系代词，定语从句为关系代词，定语从句who liked paintings修饰先行词修饰先行词a young man。再如：再如：This is the house(where I lived last year).句中，句中，where为关系副词，定语从句为关系副词，定语从句where I lived last year修饰先行词修饰先行词the house。3.关系词以及注意点关系词以及注意点关系代词有关系代词有which,that,who(m),whose;关系副词有关系副词有when,where,why注意：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中注意：关系词既代替前面的先行词在从句中担任一定的成分担任一定的成分，又，又把把两个句子连接起来两个句子连接起来，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。，构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。例如：例如：两个简单句两个简单句 Thank you for the flowers.+You gave me the flowers.主从复合句主从复合句 Thank you for the flowers(which(that)you gave me).Thank you for the record which(that)you gave me the record.(F)Thank you for the record which(that)you gave it to me.(F)说明：关系代词说明：关系代词which/that代替前面的先行词代替前面的先行词the record,已经在从已经在从句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加句中担任宾语，所以再在从句中加the record或或it就重复了。就重复了。4.关关 系系 词词 如如 何何 用？用？关系代词关系代词当关系代词在从句中作当关系代词在从句中作 主语主语时，指时，指人人用关系代词用关系代词who，that;指指物物用用which,that.如：如：The man(who/that sat beside me)was excited.The car(which/that is over there)is my favorite.当关系代词在从句中作当关系代词在从句中作宾语宾语时，指时，指人人用关系代词用关系代词 whom/that/who(非正式）非正式）,指指物物用关系代词用关系代词which/that,口语中口语中可以省略可以省略。如：如：The doctor(whom/that/she visited)is famous.The blouse(which/that/she tried on)was small.当关系代词在从句中作当关系代词在从句中作定语定语，表示，表示所有所有关系时，用关系时，用whose(既既指人也指物）指人也指物）如：如：I live in a house(whose door faces west)I know a woman(whose daughter died).4.关关 系系 词词 如如 何何 用？用？注意：注意：在下列情况下，无论关系代词在定语从句中是作主在下列情况下，无论关系代词在定语从句中是作主语还是宾语，指人还是指物，都用语还是宾语，指人还是指物，都用 that1.先行词带有最高级形容词，或有先行词带有最高级形容词，或有only,all 等词修饰时；等词修饰时；如：如：This is the best film（that I have ever seen）.You are the only person（that can help me）.2.先行词为先行词为all,something,anything 等不定代词时；等不定代词时；如：如：You can take anything（that you like）.All（that I have）is given by my parents.3.先行词既指人又指物时；先行词既指人又指物时；如：如：Do you know the people and things（that they are talking about）?4.关关 系系 词词 如如 何何 用？用？关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词when,where,why 分别表示时间，地点和原因，在分别表示时间，地点和原因，在定语从句中定语从句中起状语的作用起状语的作用。如：如：He told me the date(when the meeting would be held.)(相相 当于当于 on which)This is the place(where he works).(相当于相当于at which)No one knows the reason(why he suddenly died).注意：如果先行词是注意：如果先行词是reason，关系词为关系词为why,that 或省略。或省略。The reason(why/that/he changed his mind)is not clear.The reason(why/that/she didnt get the job)was that her English was not good.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1.One upon a time there lived a king _ loved horses very much.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which2.All the apples _ fell down were picked up by the old man.A.whichB.thoseC.thatD.what3.In the NBA,Yao Ming is a famous basketball star _ comes from China.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.which4.Her parents wouldnt let her marry anyone _ family was poor.A.thatB.which C.whoD.whose5.Do you know this is _ he wanted?A.the one whatB.the oneC.one whichD.which6.I havent received the parcel _ my father sent 10 days ago by the local post office.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.why7.Finally I found the place _ we had lived during my childhood,but I couldnt find the house _ we had used to live in.A.where;whereB.which;whichC.where;whichD.which;where8.Beijing is the city _ we are going to visit next month and Beijing hotel is the place _ we are going to live.A.where;whereB.不填不填;whereC.不填不填;whichD.which;which9.I will never forget the day _ I joined the Army.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.who10.We really dont know the reason _ they failed to do what they should do.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.why11.The first thing _ we should do now is to look for the missing boy.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who12.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,is large and beautiful.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.不填不填13.The hat was lost yesterday,_ I paid 150 yuan for.A.不填不填B.whichC.thatD.for that14.Dont forget to take the book _ I asked with you.A.thatB.whichC.for thatD.for which15.I would like a room _ the window faces the south.A.whichB.thatC.of whichD.whose宾语宾语从句从句Think it over!1.That is a fair comment.(adj.)2.His knowledge of English is fair.(adj.)3.She has fair hair and skin.(adj.)4.The weather will be fair today.(adj.)5.You must play fair.(adv.)6.The ball hit him fair in the head.(adv.)7.The book fair is to be held next month.(n.)运用宾语从句时注意的问题运用宾语从句时注意的问题1.引导词的选择引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词2.语序陈述句语序3.时态陈述句充当宾语从句主句一般现在时一般过去时从句按实际情况用相应时态过去的某种时态4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，expect，believe等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。thatif/whether1将下列简单句合成复合句。1).Hewillcomebackinaweek.(Ithink)Ithinkthat hewillcomebackinaweek.2).Whoishelookingfor?(Doyouknow)Doyouknowwhohe islookingfor?3).Whyistheplanelate?(Ididntknow)Ididntknowwhythe plane waslate4).Hehasalreadycomeback.(Hetoldme)Hetoldmehe had alreadycomeback5).HowcanIgettothezoo?(Couldyoutellme)CouldyoutellmehowI cangettothezoo?6).Why didnt he come yesterday?(Can you tellme)Canyoutellmewhyhe didntcomeyesterday?7).Whataretheydoing?(Hedidnttellme)Hedidnttellmewhatthey weredoing.8).Whenwillwehaveatest?(Theteacherdidnttellus)Theteacherdidnttelluswhenwewould haveatest.9).Wherewillthemeetingbe?(Iaskedhim)Iaskedhimwherethemeetingwould be.10).Whosewatchisthis?(Doesanybodyknow)Doesanybodyknowwhosewatchthis is?11).DoyoulikeEnglish?(WeiFangaskedme)WeiFangaskedme if IlikedEnglish.12).Were you at home at nine yesterday?(Thepolicemanwantedtoknow)Thepolicemanwantedtoknowif you wereathomeatnineyesterday.13).HashecomebackfromGuangzhou?(Iaskedmyteacher)Iaskedmyteacherif he hadcomebackfromGuanggou.根据需要，人称要作相应的变化。根据需要，人称要作相应的变化。Lucy asked,“Could you do something for me,Tom?”Lucy asked Tom if he could do something for her.He said to me,“What is your name?”He asked me what my name was.Lucy said,“I am not good at it myself.”Lucy said that she was not good at it herself.直接引语变间接引语的宾语从句直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go to visit the Great Wall.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.改错：1).Iwanttoknowthatwhatitis.Iwanttoknowwhatitis.2).Icantunderstandthattheteachersaid.Icantunderstandwhattheteachersaid.3).Idontknowthisiswhosebike.Idontknowwhose bike this is.4).HeaskedmewherewasMary.5).Doyourememberhowmuchdidyoupayforthebook?HeaskedmewhereMary was.Do you remember how muchyoupaidforthebook?6).Shesaidthatshewillbebacksoon.Shesaidthatshewouldbebacksoon.7).Theteachertoldusthatlighttraveledmuchfasterthansound.Theteachertoldusthatlight travelsmuchfasterthansound.8).CouldyoutellmeifMissGaowasintheofficenow?CouldyoutellmeifMissGao isintheofficenow?9).Ithinkyouarenotright.Idontthinkyouareright.1.Iknow(that)he_(join)theLeaguein1985.2.Couldyoutellmewherehe_(mend)hisbikeatthattime?3.Iseethatthey_(play)footballoverthere.4.Tellmewherehe_(live).5.Iwanttoknowhowlongyou_(have)thisbike.6.Ihearthathe_(come)tomorrow.joinedwasmendingareplayingliveshavehadwillcome根据主句，在宾语从句中填入正确的动词时态：7.Iknewthathe_(join)theLeaguein1999.8.Iwantedtoknowhowyou_(get)onwithyourclassmates.9.Hetoldmethathe_(have)thisbikeforthreeyears.10.Iwonderedifhe_(come)tomorrow.joinedgot/weregettinghadhadwouldcome11.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_(go)fasterthansound.12.Weallknewthatthemoon_(move)roundthesun.13.Itwastruethatthere_(be)twelvemonthsinayear.goesmovesare14.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)15.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)16.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.17.Ihearthey_(return)italready.will be goes were playing have returned18.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)19.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)20.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)21.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)22.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)had been were doingtravels are talking were23.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)24.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.25.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)wrote moves has taken26.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)27.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)28.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do)has been risesdid1.It looks as if it was going to rain.2.Whether he will come here isnt clear.3.I dont know if you can help me.4.He has made it clear that he will never give in.5.I have no idea whether he will come or not.6.I am afraid you dont understand what I said.