中考英语语法专题复习---名词课件.pptx

名词 可数名词及其单复数可数名词及其单复数1.1.概念概念:一般来说一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词词,称为可数名词。称为可数名词。2.2.可数名词复数的规则变化可数名词复数的规则变化规则规则读音读音例子例子1.1.一般情况一般情况下下,直接在名直接在名词后加词后加-s-s在清辅音后读在清辅音后读/s/s/roomrooms,roomrooms,chairchairs,chairchairs,symbolsymbolssymbolsymbols在浊辅音以及元在浊辅音以及元音后读音后读/z/z/carcars,pigpigs,carcars,pigpigs,treetreestreetrees在在t t后后,一起读一起读/ts/ts/coatcoats,coatcoats,studentstudentsstudentstudents在在d d后后,一起读一起读/dz/dz/wordwords,handhandswordwords,handhands2.2.以以s,x,sh,chs,x,sh,ch结尾的结尾的名词后加名词后加-es-es发音为发音为/z/z/glassglasses,glassglasses,boxboxes,boxboxes,brushbrushes,brushbrushes,watchwatcheswatchwatches3.3.以以f(e)f(e)结尾的词结尾的词,变变f(e)f(e)为为v,v,再加再加-es-es发音为发音为/vz/vz/leafleaves,leafleaves,knifeknives,knifeknives,shelfshelves,shelfshelves,lifeliveslifelives4.4.以以y y结尾结尾的名词的名词以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y y为为i,i,再加再加-es-es一般一般iesies读读/z/z/babybabies,babybabies,citycitiescitycities以以“元音字母元音字母+y”+y”结尾的名词结尾的名词,在词尾加在词尾加-s-s发音为发音为/z/z/toytoys,toytoys,boyboys,boyboys,daydaysdaydays5.5.以以o o结结尾的名尾的名词词以以“辅音字母辅音字母+o”+o”结尾的本族词结尾的本族词,加加-eses发音为发音为/z/z/heroheroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoespotatopotatoes以以“元音字母元音字母+o”+o”结尾或以结尾或以“辅音字辅音字母母+o”+o”结尾的外来结尾的外来词、缩写词等词、缩写词等,加加-s-s发音为发音为/z/z/photophotos,photophotos,pianopianospianopianos3.3.可数名词复数的不规则变化可数名词复数的不规则变化规则规则例子例子1.1.改变名词中的元音字母或其他变改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式化形式manmen,manmen,footfeet,footfeet,toothteethtoothteeth2.2.单复数形式相同单复数形式相同sheep,deer,fish,sheep,deer,fish,ChineseChinese3.3.只能用复数形式只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复与谓语动词的复数形式连用数形式连用trousers,clothes,trousers,clothes,glasses,sunglassesglasses,sunglasses4.4.形式上为复数形式上为复数,但意义为单数但意义为单数,与与谓语动词的单数形式连用谓语动词的单数形式连用news,mathsnews,maths5.5.一些集体名词形式上为一些集体名词形式上为单数单数,意义上为复数意义上为复数people,police,cattle(people,police,cattle(家畜家畜),),staff(staff(工作人员工作人员)6.6.集体名词表示由若干个集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。集体名体组成的集合体。集体名词作主语词作主语,如视为整体如视为整体,谓谓语动词用单数语动词用单数;如视为个体如视为个体成员成员,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。family,class,team,group,family,class,team,group,armyarmyOur team needs money to play Our team needs money to play in another city.in another city.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。My family are very well.My family are very well.我的家人都很好。我的家人都很好。7.7.复数形式表示特殊含义复数形式表示特殊含义times(times(时代时代),drinks(),drinks(饮料饮料),),manners(manners(礼貌礼貌),looks(),looks(外表外表),),brains(brains(头脑头脑,智力智力),greens(),greens(青青菜菜)8.8.表示表示“某国某国人人”变变复数复数口诀口诀:中日不变中日不变英法变英法变,其余其余s s加加后面后面中日不变中日不变:ChineseChinese,:ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese英法变英法变:EnglishmanEnglishmen,:EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen;FrenchmanFrenchmen;其余其余s s加后面加后面:AmericanAmericans,AmericanAmericans,GermanGermansGermanGermans9.9.由两个名词组成的复合由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时名词变复数时,常将最后常将最后一个名词变复数。但如果一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是第一个名词是manman或或womanwoman时时,两个名词都要变两个名词都要变复数。复数。two girl studentstwo girl studentsfive apple treesfive apple treesten women teachersten women teachersthree men nursesthree men nurses 可数名词可数名词考点考点1 1表达方式和例子表达方式和例子可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语与不定冠词与不定冠词a/ana/an或基数词直或基数词直接连用接连用:a booktwo booksa booktwo booksa studentthree studentsa studentthree students肯定肯定意义意义a few(a few(几个几个),many),many(许多许多),a great number of(a great number of(大量的大量的)如：如：a few apples,a few apples,many students,many students,a great number of mapsa great number of maps 可数名词可数名词考点考点1 1表达方式和例子表达方式和例子可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语用用“基数词基数词/不定冠词不定冠词+量词量词+of+of+可数名词复数可数名词复数”来表示来表示它的量：它的量：a a pair of trouserspair of trouserstwo two pairs of trouserspairs of trousers否定否定意义意义few(few(几乎没有几乎没有)如：如：I eat few bananas,I eat few bananas,but I often eat a few but I often eat a few apples.apples.我不吃香蕉，但我经常吃苹我不吃香蕉，但我经常吃苹果。果。()1.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous)1.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous in in American American .(2015.(2015广东广东)A.symbol;cultureA.symbol;cultureB.symbol;cultures B.symbol;cultures C.symbols;cultureC.symbols;cultureD.symbols;D.symbols;culturescultures()2.Look!They are)2.Look!They are .Yes.We are proud of them.Yes.We are proud of them.A.man scientistA.man scientistB.women scientistsB.women scientists C.woman scientistsC.woman scientistsD.man scientistsD.man scientists()3.Xi Jinping says,)3.Xi Jinping says,“A promising(A promising(有希望的有希望的)nation cannot go)nation cannot go without without .”Let Lets try to be brave and creative.s try to be brave and creative.A.heros and pioneersA.heros and pioneersB.hero and pioneerB.hero and pioneer C.heroes and pioneersC.heroes and pioneersD.heroes and pioneerD.heroes and pioneerB BC CC C 不可数名词不可数名词考点考点2 21.1.不可数名词通常无单复数变化，不能直接与不可数名词通常无单复数变化，不能直接与a a或或anan连用连用2.2.不可数名词的量不可数名词的量分类分类规则规则例子例子具体的量具体的量数词数词+量词量词+of+of+不可数名词不可数名词a a piece piece of paper of paper 一张纸一张纸two pieces of paper two pieces of paper 两张纸两张纸大概的量大概的量肯定意义肯定意义a little(a little(一点一点),much(),much(许多许多),too much(),too much(太太多多),),a large amount of/a great deal of(a large amount of/a great deal of(许多许多)如：如：a little time/moneya little time/money,too much watertoo much water大概的量大概的量否定意义否定意义little little 如：如：There is little water in There is little water in the bottlethe bottle.瓶子里几乎没有水。瓶子里几乎没有水。不可数名词不可数名词考点考点2 2注意：常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限注意：常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限定词有：定词有：some,a lot ofsome,a lot of（lots oflots of）,plenty of,plenty of等。等。3.3.常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词类别类别例子例子饮食饮食milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,coffee,beer,cheese,buttercoffee,beer,cheese,butter 不可数名词不可数名词考点考点2 2材料材料wood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metalwood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metal自然自然earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,sunshinesunshine其他其他advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,surprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shamesurprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shame 不可数名词不可数名词考点考点2 24.4.有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同单词单词词义词义可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词chickenchicken小鸡小鸡鸡肉鸡肉fishfish鱼；鱼类鱼；鱼类鱼肉鱼肉roomroom房间房间空间空间glassglass玻璃杯玻璃杯玻璃玻璃rainrain一场雨一场雨雨水雨水weightweight砝码砝码重量重量单词单词词义词义可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词experiencexperience e经历经历经验经验orangeorange橙子橙子橙汁橙汁timetime次；倍数次；倍数时间时间lifelife生命生命生活生活workwork作品作品工作工作heightheight高处高处身高身高()1.The three 1.The three upstairs are too small to upstairs are too small to have enough have enough for a double bed.(2018 for a double bed.(2018广东广东)A.room;roomA.room;roomB.room;roomsB.room;rooms C.rooms;roomC.rooms;roomD.rooms;roomsD.rooms;rooms()2.Daniel has tried to lose 2.Daniel has tried to lose by eating by eating less recently,but less recently,but two kilos has been put on two kilos has been put on instead.(2017instead.(2017广东广东)A.weightA.weightB.weightsB.weightsC.heightC.heightD.heightsD.heights()3.The broken 3.The broken may cut into your hand if may cut into your hand if you touch it.you touch it.You should be careful.(2016You should be careful.(2016广东广东)A.glassA.glassB.glassesB.glassesC.candleC.candleD.candlesD.candlesA AC CA A()4.The song)4.The song I Believe I Can FlyI Believe I Can Fly tells us that tells us that believing in believing in ourselves is very important.ourselves is very important.Yes.Yes.can make us have more chances can make us have more chances to be to be successful.successful.A.ConfidencesA.ConfidencesB.ConfidenceB.Confidence C.ExperienceC.ExperienceD.ExperiencesD.Experiences()5.We can get some)5.We can get some about how to use the about how to use the English English learning APP through this official learning APP through this official account.account.A.informationA.informationB.ideaB.ideaC.tipC.tipD.D.suggestionsuggestionB BA A1.I decided to take the next year1.I decided to take the next years college entrance exam.It s college entrance exam.It was a difficult year.I studied day and was a difficult year.I studied day and to get ready for the exam.to get ready for the exam.2.Mr2.Mr.North always thinks himself healthy.He seldom goes to North always thinks himself healthy.He seldom goes to see a doctor.He keeps good see a doctor.He keeps good :getting up:getting up early in the morning,doing exercises before breakfast and never early in the morning,doing exercises before breakfast and never staying up late at night.staying up late at night.3.Years later,Jim became a doctor.One day,a woman was sent 3.Years later,Jim became a doctor.One day,a woman was sent to his to his .She was seriously ill.Jim.She was seriously ill.Jim recognized her at once and decided to try his best to save her recognized her at once and decided to try his best to save her life.life.4.Qixiang4.Qixiangs parents first sent him to ski classes after he s parents first sent him to ski classes after he showed interest in the sport.Through the training showed interest in the sport.Through the training ,he could learn the right skills and it would be more useful,he could learn the right skills and it would be more useful for him.for him.habitshabitsnightnighthospitalhospitalclasses/lessonsclasses/lessons As As people people had had to to stay stay at at their their homes homes during during the the COVIDCOVID-19 19 epidemic(epidemic(新新冠冠肺肺炎炎),),life life was was not not easy,easy,but but they they were were 1 1 their their best to make staying at home not as boring as it sounds.best to make staying at home not as boring as it sounds.There There were were also also popular popular videos videos on on the the Internet Internet showing showing peoplepeoples s daily daily activitiesgetting activitiesgetting 2 2 at at noon,noon,taking taking 3 3 walk walk in in their their living living rooms,rooms,in in their their kitchens,kitchens,bedrooms bedrooms and and then then walking walking back back to to their their living living rooms.Some rooms.Some people people tried tried to to play play badminton badminton in in their their living living rooms rooms or or pingping-pong pong on on their their dinner dinner 4 4 .Others Others posted posted their their daily daily exercise exercise results results on on Wechat,Wechat,showing showing them them walking less than one hundred walking less than one hundred 5 5 in a day.in a day.1.1.2.2.3.3.4.4.5.5.upuptryingtryinga atablestablesstepssteps名词的所有格1 1s s所有格：有生命的以及表示时间、距离、国家所有格：有生命的以及表示时间、距离、国家等的名词，常用等的名词，常用 s s属格表所属关系属格表所属关系使用场合与构成方法使用场合与构成方法例子例子1 1单数名词在末尾单数名词在末尾加加s sthe the boyboys s father,father,todaytodays s newspapernewspaper2 2复数名复数名词词一般在末尾一般在末尾加加TeachersTeachers Day,five Day,five weeksweeks holidayholiday不规则复数名词后不规则复数名词后加加s sChildrenChildrens s Day,Day,menmens s roomroom3 3“各有各有”关系在每个名词后分别关系在每个名词后分别加加s sJaneJanes s and and MaryMarys s bikesbikes(两人各自所有两人各自所有)“共有共有”关系在最后一个名词后关系在最后一个名词后加加s sJane and Jane and MaryMarys s bike bike(两人共有两人共有)4 4在表示在表示“某人家某人家”、“店铺店铺”时，时，一般省略它所修饰的名词一般省略它所修饰的名词my my uncleuncles s=my=my uncleuncles s house house 我叔叔的我叔叔的家家 the Greenthe Greens,the s,the doctordoctors,the barbers,the barbers(s(理发店理发店),the),the tailortailors(s(裁缝店裁缝店)2 2ofof所有格：无生命的名词，常用所有格：无生命的名词，常用ofof属格表所属关系属格表所属关系构成方法构成方法例子例子用在无生命事物的名词前用在无生命事物的名词前a map of Chinaa map of China,the cover of the bookthe cover of the book3 3双重所有格：双重所有格：s s属格与属格与ofof属格相结合属格相结合构成方法构成方法例子例子of+of+名词所有格名词所有格Lucy is a friend of my Lucy is a friend of my sistersisters s.露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。of+of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词This is a picture of mine.This is a picture of mine.这是我的一张照片。这是我的一张照片。4 4特殊形式特殊形式使用场合与构成方法使用场合与构成方法例子例子由由“数词数词+名词名词”构成的合成名词构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符的单数形式，注意中间有连字符a twoa two-day holiday day holiday 两天的假期两天的假期 an eightan eight-yearyear-old boy old boy 一个八岁的男孩一个八岁的男孩少数名词使用的固定搭配（少数名词使用的固定搭配（toto所所有格）有格）the key to the doorthe key to the door,the answer to the questionthe answer to the question()1.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her 1.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on husband on Day.Day.A.WomanA.WomanB.WomenB.WomenC.WomanC.Womans sD.WomenD.Womens s()2.June 1st is)2.June 1st is Day all over the world.Day all over the world.We all like it very much.We all like it very much.A.ChildA.Childs s B.Child B.Child C.ChildrenC.Childrens sD.D.ChildrensChildrens()3.Whose jackets are these)3.Whose jackets are these？They are They are .They said they lost them yesterday.They said they lost them yesterday.A.Li Lei and Li TaoA.Li Lei and Li TaoB.Li Lei and Li TaoB.Li Lei and Li Taos s C.Li LeiC.Li Leis and Li Taos and Li Taos sD.Li LeiD.Li Leis and Li Taos and Li TaoD DC CC C()1.I don)1.I dont know how to make a speech in public.Can you t know how to make a speech in public.Can you givegive me me?(2020?(2020重庆重庆B B卷改编卷改编)A.an adviceA.an adviceB.some adviceB.some advice C.some advicesC.some advicesD.any advicesD.any advices()2.)2.Spending Spending too too much much playing playing computer computer games games is is bad bad for your for your .(2020.(2020湖南怀化改编湖南怀化改编)A.time;eyeA.time;eye B.time;eyesB.time;eyesC.times;eyesC.times;eyesD.times;eyeD.times;eye()3.The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.)3.The teenagers clean up the city park every Saturday.Sometimes small things can make a Sometimes small things can make a .(2020(2020湖北宜昌湖北宜昌)A.promise B.conversation C.difference D.discussionA.promise B.conversation C.difference D.discussionB BB BC C()4.)4.During During the the epidemic(epidemic(疫疫情情),),many many in in our our city city went went to to Hubei Province as volunteers.(2020Hubei Province as volunteers.(2020湖南常德改编湖南常德改编)A.women doctorA.women doctorB.woman doctorsB.woman doctors C.women doctorsC.women doctorsD.woman doctorD.woman doctor()5.)5.When When you you go go rock rock climbing,climbing,you you need need to to be be careful careful so so that that you you dondont t have a(n)have a(n).(2020.(2020江西江西)A.chanceA.chanceB.accidentB.accidentC.secretC.secretD.D.actionaction()6.In China,we use red paper for)6.In China,we use red paper for hongbaohongbao because red means because red means good luck.good luck.ThatThats s interesting!interesting!I I want want to to know know all all the the Chinese Chinese .(2020(2020天津天津)A.traditionsA.traditionsB.sentencesB.sentencesC.noticesC.noticesD.D.problemsproblemsC CB BA A()7.Do you know Liu Hui finally entered a top school?)7.Do you know Liu Hui finally entered a top school?Certainly.ThatCertainly.Thats the s the of his hard work.of his hard work.(2020(2020湖北孝感湖北孝感)A.habitA.habit B.suggestionB.suggestion C.resultC.resultD.decisionD.decision()8.A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he?)8.A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he?He is He is brother.(2020 brother.(2020四川自贡改编四川自贡改编)A.LucyA.Lucys and Lilys and Lilys sB.Lucy and LilyB.Lucy and Lilys s C.LucyC.Lucys and Lilys and LilyD.Lucy and LilyD.Lucy and LilyC CB B二、小语篇特训二、小语篇特训(一一)语法选择语法选择 Chinese people in different areas celebrated Chinese people in different areas celebrated the the 1 1 in a number of different in a number of different 2 2.A flag-.A flag-raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao.A raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao.A dragon boat race was held in Guangxi.A light show dragon boat race