Unit1 SectionA 知识点-人教版八年级英语下册.pptx

Unit1.Unit1.Unit1.Unit1.Whats the matter?Whats the matter?Whats the matter?Whats the matter?SectionASectionASectionASectionA知识点知识点知识点知识点Whats the matter?怎么了怎么了?出什么事了出什么事了?常用于询问某人患了何种疾病,遇到了什么困难、烦恼或周边出了什么状况等,也可用于询问某物出了什么故障，其后可接 with sb./sth.,表示“某人/某物怎么了?”。其中 matter 用作名词,意为“问题;事情”。-Whats the matter?怎么了怎么了?-Bad luck.I lost my pen.真倒霉。我弄丢了钢笔。真倒霉。我弄丢了钢笔。-Whats the matter with him?他怎么了他怎么了?-He has a sore back.他背痛。他背痛。拓展拓展matter动词要紧动词要紧;有关系多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句有关系多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。中。It doesnt matter.没关系。没关系。(通常用来回答对方的道歉通常用来回答对方的道歉)I have a cold.我感冒了。我感冒了。have a cold(患)感冒其中 have 用作及物动词,意为“患(病);遭受(病痛)”,常用于结构“have a/an+疾病名称”,表示患病或身体某部位不舒服,此时它不能用于进行时态,其第三人称单数形式为 has,过去式为 had。常见的表示病痛的短语还有常见的表示病痛的短语还有:have afever发烧发烧 havea headache头痛头痛have a stomachache 胃痛胃痛 have a cough 咳嗽咳嗽 have a toothache 牙疼牙疼Do you often have a cold?你经常感冒吗?Jim had a stomachache after supper yesterday.吉姆昨天晚饭后胃痛。I have a stomachache.我胃痛。stomachache 名词胃痛;腹痛由“名词 stomach(胃;腹部)+ache(疼痛)”构成的复合名词。I have a stomachache.And Im not feeling well.我胃痛,感觉不舒服。拓展拓展在英语中在英语中,一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词 ache(疼痛疼痛),可以构成复合名词表示身体某部位疼痛。可以构成复合名词表示身体某部位疼痛。如如:headache 头痛头痛,toothache牙痛牙痛,backache 背痛背痛,earache 耳朵痛。耳朵痛。I have a sore back.我背痛。我背痛。(1)sore 形容词疼痛的;酸痛的 可作定语或表语。She has a sore throat.她喉咙痛。Dont read for a long time,or your eyes will get sore.不要长时间读书,否则你的眼睛会疼。(2)back 名词背;背部He hurt his back yesterday.他昨天弄伤了背。名词背面;后面at the back of.在的后部The boy sat at the back of the classroom.那个男孩坐在教室的后部。副词回(原处)What time does your father often come back?你爸爸经常几点回来?foot脚脚foot 可数名词脚,足 其复数形式为 feet。on foot 步行go to.on foot=walk to.步行去 A horse has four feet.马有四只蹄子。I often go to school on foot.=I often walk to school.我经常步行去上学。She talked too much yesterday and didntdrink enough water.昨天她说话太多,又没喝足够的水。(1)toomuch 太多 此处起副词的作用,修饰动词talked,放在其后作状语。She worried too much.她过于担心了。Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对你的健康有害。(2)enough 形容词足够的;充足的修饰名词时,常放在名词前。Youll have enough time/time enough to relax.你将有足够的时间休息。副词足够地;充分地可修饰形容词或副词,且要放于其后。Its warm enough in the room.房间里够暖和了。He runs quickly enough.他跑得足够快。代词足够,充分,充足 可作主语或宾语。Did you have enough yesterday?昨天你吃饱了吗?拓展“.enough(for+名词/代词+)to do sth.”意为“(某人/某物)足够,能做某事”,可与 so.that.(如此以至于)进行同义句转换。The box is light enough for the boy to carry.=The box is so light that the boy can carry it.这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能搬动。中考链接 Cathy checked her paper _so that she could get good grades this time.A.careful enough B.enough careful C.enough carefully D.carefully enough 解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答本题。careful形容词,意为“认真的”;carefully 副词，意为“认真地”。结合选项可知句意为“凯西认真检查了她的试卷，以便这次可以取得好成绩”。此处应用副词修饰动词 checked，排除 A、B两项;enough 意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时应位于其后,故选D。答案:Dlie down and rest躺下休息躺下休息(1)lie(lay,lain,lying)不及物动词躺;平躺lie down 躺下Dont lie in the sun for too long.不要在阳光下躺太长时间。He found a dog lying at the door.他发现一只狗趴在门口。Just lie down on the bed.你就躺在床上吧。(lay,lain,lying)不及物动词位于;存在;处于 Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong.青岛位于山东东部。(lied,lied,lying)不及物动词撒谎;说谎 lie to sb.对某人说谎You are lying to me.你在对我说谎。可数名词谎言;假话tell a lie/tell lies 说谎I know he told a lie just now.我知道他刚才撒了谎。拓展拓展lay(laid，laid,laying)动词产动词产(卵卵);下蛋下蛋;放置放置;安放安放The hen stopped laying eggs.这只母鸡不下蛋了。这只母鸡不下蛋了。She laid the baby down gently on the bed.她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。中考链接 根据句意完成已给出汉语提示的单词。It is very relaxing for me to _(躺)on a soft sofa after a long time study.解析:lie 意为“躺”;此句是“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是的”,故此处应用 lie 的原形。答案:lie(2)rest 不及物动词休息He lies down and rests for an hour after lunch every day.他每天午饭后躺下休息一个小时。名词休息take/have a(good)rest(好好)休息 You must take a rest from your work.你必须放下工作休息一下。Lets have a good rest!咱们好好休息一下吧!drink some hot tea with honey 喝些加蜂蜜的热茶喝些加蜂蜜的热茶with 介词具有;带有表示事物所具有的性质、特征;其反义词为 with-out,意为“没有”。此处介词短语 with honey作后置定语,修饰 hot tea。-Would you like some coffee with sugar?你想喝点儿加糖的咖啡吗?No,thanks.Id like tea without anything不,谢谢,我想要清茶。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。和在一起Mr.Black is talking with a friend.布莱克先生正在和一个朋友谈话。使用She cuts the apple with a knife.她用刀子切苹果。与有关;对于Theres something wrong with my neck.我的脖子有毛病。(表示行为方式)She likes to sleep with the light on.她喜欢开着灯睡觉。中考链接 I think tea will taste better _some milk in it.A.for B.with C.from D.at 解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”解答本题。for“为了,给”;with“具有,带有”;from“来自”;at“在(某处)”。结合句意“我认为茶里加一些牛奶尝起来会更好”可知,此处表示“具有,带有”,故选 with。答案:Bcough and sore throat 咳嗽且喉咙痛咳嗽且喉咙痛cough 名词咳嗽 have a cough 患咳嗽The boy had a bad cough last year.这个男孩去年患过严重的咳嗽。不及物动词咳嗽He couldnt stop coughing.他咳嗽不止。take your temperature 量体温量体温The nurse took my temperature.那位护士给我量了体温。拓展 take 的其他常见短语:take a message捎个口信 take a shower 洗淋浴take a walk 散步 take ones order 点菜 take the subway 乘地铁 take a trip 旅行 take sb.s place 代替某人No,it doesnt sound like you have a fever.不不,听起来你不像发烧。听起来你不像发烧。sound like 听起来像后接名词(短语)、代词或句子。-Im going to take up a new hobby next year.明年我打算从事一项新的爱好。-Sounds like a good plan.听起来像个不错的计划。It sounds like you had a good time on your trip.听起来像是你旅途很愉快。拓展与 sound like 类似的短语:feel like 感觉像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像I feel like a bird in the cage.我感觉像在笼中的鸟儿。It looks like there is a heavy rain.天看起来要下大雨。You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要离开电脑休息。(1)need 实义动词需要 后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式及带to的动词不定式作宾语。She needs a good rest.她需要好好休息。The room needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这个房间需要打扫。Do I need to take my temperature?我需要量体温吗?注意:need 后面接动词-ing 形式时,动词-ing 形式表示被动意义。此时主语常为物。情态动词需要 无人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形,通常用于疑问句或否定句中。-Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成这项工作吗?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的,你必须(完成)。/不,你不必(完成)。There is enough time.You neednt worry.有足够的时间。你不必担忧。(2)take breaks 休息休息与take/have a break 或take/have a rest同义。break此处用作可数名词,意为“间歇;休息”。We are sitting under the big tree to take breaks.我们正坐在大树下休息。There is a 10-minute break between classes.两节课之间有十分钟的休息时间。(3)awayfrom 离开;远离They went to a warm place away from home.他们离开家,去了一个温暖的地方。Daming will be away from school for two days.大明将离校两天。3 I think 1 sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。(1)for too long 太长时间 介词 for后接一段时间，常与延续性动词(短语)或表示状态的短语连用,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时等时态。After walking for a long time,they all got tired.步行了很长一段时间之后,他们都很疲惫。You need to lie down and rest for one or two days.你需要躺下休息一两天。(2)without 介词没有,不(做某事)其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。其反义词为 with。Fish cant live without water.没有水,鱼不能生存。Nick worked for three hours without taking a break.尼克连续工作了3个小时没休息。If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor.如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。就去看医生。(1)if 连词如果;假如引导条件状语从句。在含有if引导的条件状语高频从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是祈使句、主句谓语含有情态动词或主句用一般将来时,if从句应用一般现在时表将来。If you have a sore throat,drink more water with honey.你如果喉咙痛,多喝加蜂蜜的水。If you have a toothache,you should go to the den tist.你如果牙痛,应该去看牙医。If she arrives in New York,Ill telephone you.如果她到了纽约,我会打电话给你。中考链接-Tim,our foreign teacher Ms.Green will go back to England next week.-Really?Lets have a party to say goodbye toher _she is free this weekend.A.unless B.if C.though 解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答本题。unless 意为“除非;如果不”;if 意为“如果;是否”;though 意为“虽然;尽管”。由空格所在句句意“她这个周末有空的话,咱们为她举办一个送别派对吧”可知,if 符合题意。答案:B(2)hurt(hurt,hurt)不及物动词疼痛主语通常为疼痛的具体部位。My feet hurt when I walk.我走路时脚痛。及物动词使疼痛,使受伤主要指碰撞、打击等造成的肉体伤害,也可引申为精神上或情感上的“伤害”。Jack hurt himself with a knife.杰克用刀割伤了自己。She was hurt at his words.听了他的话,她感到很伤心。(3)go to a doctor 去看医生为固定短语,也可说 go to the doctor。Bill went to a/the doctor yesterday.比尔昨天去看医生了。Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!