英语语法精讲:常考副词考点分析(3).docx
英语语法精讲:常考副词考点分析(3)一、副词ever可用于哪些句型1.主要用干否定包、疑回包、条件包、比较包等,其意大致相当生汉语的“曾经”“以前”等,有时往往有较活的译法。加:Nobody else could ever say such a thing. 没有别人会说这样的话。Please don't ever do that again. 请不要再这样做。Did anybody ever hear of such a thing? 谁听见过这样的事?He argued harder than ever.他争论得比过去更加激烈了。She was as interested in music as ever.她对音乐还是像过去那样有兴趣。If you ever visit London, you must come and stay with us.你要是到伦敦来,一定要到我们这里住住。有时也可hardly,few,little等半否定词连用。如:It hardly ever snows here. 这儿几乎从不下雪。Very few ever stopped to listen.很少人停下来听。2.在通常情况下,ever(曾经)不用于肯定句中。如:我曾经学过3年吉他。误: I ever studied the guitar for three years.正:I once studied the guitar for three years但是,在以下情况,ever 也可用于肯定句:(1)在修饰“最高级+名词”结构的定语从句中。如:This is the worst cold I ever had. 这是我患过的最严重的感冒。She is the ablest girl I've ever met.她是我见到过的最有才干的姑娘。(2)具有较强怀疑语气的句子中。如:I wonder if he'd ever stopped to think howI felt.我不知道他是否曾经想过我的感受。(3)修饰比较级,表示“越来越”“日益”。如:The situation there is becoming ever more complicated.那儿的情况越来越复杂了。(4)表示“总是”“经常”(=always)。如:He is ever ready to find fault. 他老是喜欢挑毛病。这种用法在现代英语中已很少见,通常用 always 代之。(5) 用干某些习语,如for ever(永远),ever since(自从以来),ever so(非常),ever such(非常)等。二、really在句中的位置以及相关口语用法1.表示“真正地”“的确”“确实”等,注意它在句中位置不同可能会导致含义上的变化。比较:He is really a foolish fellow. 他的确是个笨蛋。He is a really foolish fellow. 他是个真正的笨蛋。We really don't like her. 我们确实不喜欢她。We don't really like her. 我们不大喜欢她。I really don't mind waiting. 要我等,我一点不在乎。I don't really mind waiting. 要我等,我不是一点不在乎。Really, I didn't mean to hurt you.其实呀,我不是有意要伤害你。I didn't really mean to hurt you. 我真的不是有意要伤害你。2.在口语中用于not really,用法如下:(1)表示轻微的否定,意为“不很”。如:A:Do you want to come along? 你想同我们一起去吗?B:Not really.不很想去。He's not really angry- he's just acting. 他倒不是真生气一一只是装装样子罢了。(2)表示怀疑或不相信,意为“不会吧”“不见得”“不会是真的吧”。如:A:He's leaving tomorrow. 他明天就要走了。B:Not really.不会吧。A: They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。B:Not really.不会是真的吧!(3)表示语气很强的否定,意为“真的没有”“的确没有”。如:A:Did you watch the news on TV last night? 你昨天晚上看电视新闻了吗?B:Not really.确实没有。三、down与up用法的同与异这是一组反义词,因其用法相似,故放在一起讲述。1.用作副词,down 的基本义为“向下”或“在下面”;up 的基本义为“向上”或“在上面”。如:He looked the girl up and down. 他上下打量着这个姑娘。He sat down but she stood up.他坐下,但她却站了起来。体会下面的对话:A:Is he up yet? 他起床了吗?B:Yes, he's up but not down.起床了,但还没有下楼来。2.表示北到南、从中央到地方、从内地到沿海、从城市到乡村、从学校到社会等,用 down;而表示从南到北、从地方到中央、从沿海到内地、从乡村到城市、从中学到大学等,用up。如:He lives down south. 他住在南方。He's just come down from the university.他刚大学毕业。They have gone up to the city. 他们上城里去了。He is up from the country. 他是从乡下来的。We are waiting for the up train.我们在等往北开的火车。3.表示由大到小、由多到少、由高到低、由浓变淡、由强到弱、由动到静、由近而远等,用 down;而表示由小到大、由少到多、由低到高、由弱到强、由远而近等。如:The excitement soon died down.兴奋的情绪很快就平静下来了。Please speak up; we can't hear you at the back. 请大点儿声说,我们在后面听不见。I asked him to turn the radio down, but he turned it up. 我叫他把收音机的音量关小,但他却把它开大了。4.用于句首,其后引出倒装句。如:Up went the arrow into the sky.飕的一声,箭飞上了天。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了,伞都撑起来了。若主语是代词,则不倒装。如:Down it came. 它一下子掉了下来。Up you come. 你上来。5.两者都可用作介词(其后接有名词作宾语):(1)表示静态意义,down 指“在下面”“在的末端”;up指“在上面”。如:The bathroom is down those stairs.浴室在那楼梯下面。Their house is halfway down the hil1. 他们的房子在半山腰。That night we stayed up the hill. 那天晚上我们呆在山上。The man's office is up the stairs. 这个人的办公室在楼上。(2)表示动态意义,down 指“沿着往下(或往远处)”;up表示“沿着往上(或往近处)”-一注意其中的“沿着”二字。如:She felt the tears roll down her cheeks.她感到眼泪流了下来。I carried the bag up (down)the stairs. 我把袋子扛上(下)了楼梯。The boy was trying to climb up (down) the tree.这男孩在试图爬上(下)树。比较以下正误句型:正:He got down the ladder. 他下了梯子。(指沿着梯子下来)误: He got down the horse.(一个人不可能沿着马下来)比较:He got down from the horse.他从马上跳下来。(指一下子的动作)正:He climbed up the hill.他吧上山。(指沿着山往上吧)误:He climbed up the roof.(一个人不可能沿着屋顶往上爬)比较:He climbed up on to the roof.他吧上了屋顶。(此时的up为副词)四、学习疑问副词必须掌握的三个要点1、疑问副词的用法特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等,用于引出特殊疑问句。如:Where did you hide the can opener? 你把开罐器藏哪儿了 ?When did the world come into being? 世界是何时开始存在的?Why did you choose that one in particular?你为什么特别挑选了那一个?How did you get to be captain? 你是怎样当上船长的?2、两类易混句型的区别请看以下两句:Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?Do you know when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?下面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come?其区别是;可以用yes 或no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),话合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know.hear ask. tel等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think,believe. suppose. guess 等。(参见“疑问代词”的有关内容)3、使用疑问副词的注意点(1)疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句,通常位于句首,但有时也不一定:Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样?(2)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有所省略:Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵?Why not ask the teacher?/Why don't you ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师呢?注:Why或Why not后接动词原形,不接带to不定式,主要用于现在或将来,不用于过去,如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didin't you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)(3)有时两个疑问副词连用:When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地 ?学科网(北京)股份有限公司