高三英语一轮复习谓语动词的时态和语态复习讲义.docx

动词的时态和语态一、时态的数轴的思维导图考点一、现在时一、 一般现在时1. 含义1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4） 在时间状语从句(as soon as, when, before, after, not.until.等)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as.) 中常用一般现在时表示将来Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2. 常用的时间状语1）频率副词：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, hardly, never2） 短语：every (day等), once/twice a (week等), on (Sunday等), in the (morning等)，at (eight) ，now and then，from time to timeHe usually goes to school by bike.3. 谓语动词形式：do/does4. 谓语动词的被动语态： am/is/are doneIn the spoken English of some areas in the U.S, the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空1. How close parents are to their children _ (have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.2. If your call is not answered within two minutes, you _ (advise) to hang up and dial again.3. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _ (work) miracle.4. It _ (turn) out that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.5. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _ (allow) more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、 现在进行时1. 定义1）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为;2）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作。2. 标志性时间词1) 以Look！或Listen！开头的句子Look！The children are playing games over there.Listen！Who's singing in the classroom？2) 当句子中有now（现在）， at the moment（此时此刻）, at this moment（此时此刻）时常表示说话时动作正在进行We are reading English now.Different people are doing different things at the moment in the world.3）当表明现在是几点，某人正在做什么。Its 4:50. We are having class.3. 谓语动词形式：am/is/are doing4. 谓语动词的被动语态： am/is/are being done练习： 1. Because of climate change, the ice that polar bears depend on for survival _ (disappear) slowly.2. A new bridge _(build) over the Qiantang River at the moment.3. The prices of houses _ (rise) because the demand of them become more and more great.4. If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you _ (work) unless you save it regularly.三、 现在完成时1. 含义1) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.Chinas high-speed railways have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.-I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?-Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years. 2. 常用时间状语1） 副词：already, not.yet, just, ever, never, recently，beforejust常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，表示“刚刚”The two astronauts have just returned from the space station.never表示否定, 放在have / has后，表示“从未” He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑问句中,表示“曾经”，句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？“曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，表示“以前” The woman has never heard of that before.yet用于否定句或疑问句句末，表示“仍，还”，not.yet表示“仍未，还未”. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末，表示“已经”.(1) We have already finished it.(2) The train has left already.so far用于句首或句末，表示“到目前为止，迄今为止”. So far, we have visited the moon.2） 短语： up to now, for/over + 时间段，in the last/past /recent+时间段, these days, since+时间点, since + 时间段+ ago，主句（现在完成时）+ since+ 从句（一般过去时）We have learnt 500 words these days.Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.3)固定句型It is/has been + 时间段 + since. 自从.以来已经.It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.It/That/This is the +序数词 + time that 从句（现在完成时）This is the first time that I have been here.3. 谓语动词：have/has done4. 谓语动词的被动语态： have/has been doneThe work has been finished by Jim.The same studies have been done in Asia.练习1. During the 60 years since the founding of the New China, we _ (go) through millions of ups and downs.2. A British research study shows that, globally, people's walking speeds _ (increase) by 10 percent over the last decade.3. So far, the Shanghai World Expo _ (prove) to be a great success as people expected.4. I wonder why Jenny _ (write) to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.5. It is the first time that the Spanish player Rafael Nadal _ (win) the U.S. Open Tennis Championship.6. Up to now, the Hope Project _ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.四、现在完成进行时1. 含义表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，也可能继续下去，强调动作的延续性。I'm tired out. I have been shopping all the afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.-Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? -The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.2. 谓语动词： have/has been doing练习1. The world gold price _ (rise) for the last five years, which is now over 1000 dollars per ounce.2. For forty years Jane Goodall _ (help) the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.考点二、过去时一、 一般过去时1. 定义1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2）有时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。He left home at half past five yesterday. 他昨天五点离开家的。Li Ming always went to work by bike in the past. 过去李明总是骑自行车去上班。Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning. 林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。He was ill last night. 昨晚他生病了。2. 一般过去时的时间标志词1. yesterday, the day before yesterday.2. last week / year / month / term(简称last系列，last：上一个)3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago(简称ago系列，ago:.之前)4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, in April, 2005 5. just now（刚才）, once upon a time（从前）, long long ago, one day6. in the past 过去3. 谓语动词：did4. 谓语动词的被动语态： was/were done练习1. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao _ (arrive) at Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, on Dec.16, 2009 Wednesday evening, for the ongoing UN Climate Change Conference.2. Everyone who saw Star Wars said that it _ (be) one of the best science fiction movies that had ever been released.3. The boy _(catch) smoking a cigartte.4. I'm told that you are leaving for Beijing. Who _ (say) so?二、 过去进行时1. 含义： 在过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作；过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。2. 常用的时间状语at that time(在那时)，at this time yesterday(在昨天的这个时候)at 6 am yesterday（昨天上午6点），from 6 am to 9 pm last Sunday (上周日从上午6点到晚上9点)“过去进行时+ when +一般过去时”的句子（当时）等。“When +一般现在时，过去进行时”“一般现在时 + while +过去进行时”“过去进行时 + while +过去进行时”(1) He was watching TV at that time.(2) When I got home, my mother was cooking.(3) My parents were making dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.(4) I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.That is impossible. He was having an English party with us then.3. 谓语动词： was/were doing4. 谓语动词的被动语态： was/were being doneWhlie this was being done, the two buckets were left standing together near the well.练习1. What's the matter, Sara? You wear a sad look on your face. Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I just _ (think) of my friends back home.2. I called Alice many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time!3. Unfortunately, when I got there she just _ (leave), so we only had time for a few words.4. This bridge _(build) at this time last year.5. When Bill Gates decided to stop schooling and created Microsoft in 1975, he _ (study) law at Harvard University.三、 过去完成时1. 含义表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去She had learned some English before she came to the institute.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.2. 常用时间状语1) by + 过去的时间/by then2) 固定句型：It/This/That was the + 序数词 + time + that 从句（过去完成时）This was the first time that they had ever met.3) hardly.when 和 no sooner.than. 这两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时Hardly had we arrived when the match started. I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me.3. 谓语动词：had done4. 谓语动词的被动语态：had been doneThe room had been cleaned when I came in.练习1. My grandfather was afraid of leaving the only home they _(know) for the past 60 years.2. Wife hardly _ (prepare) a big dinner when Husband was aware of their eighth wedding anniversary that day.3. Our monitor, who by then _ (gain) admission to Fudan University, decided to do some part-time jobs to gain more practical experience.4. According to a housing research organization, the house price in China _ (rise) to its high point by the end of last year.5. By the end of last month, all the work _(do).四、 过去将来时1. 含义立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。 He said he would come to see me.He told me he would go to Beijing.She said she was going to start off at once.2. 谓语动词：would do 或者 was/were going to do3. 谓语动词的被动语态：would be done 和 was/were going to be doneIt was said that they would be selected by lottery.They announced that the flight would be delayed.练习1. US secretary Hilary Clinton said recently that she _ (retire) soon to enjoy private life.2. He said he _(wait) for us at the station.考点三、将来时一、 一般将来时1. 定义1) 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；2) 将来经常或反复发生的动作。2. 时间标志词tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, in the futurenext.系列（下一个.）: next hour, next day, next week, next year, next term, next time in + 时间段（.之后）：in 10 years, in two days, in twenty minutes soon（不久，立刻）3. 谓语动词： will do 或者 am/is/are going to do 或者 am/is/are about to do 4. 谓语动词的被动语态：will be done 或者 am/is/are foing to be done His name will be written down in history.If we dont keep bringing this to the attention of the people, nothing will be done.5. 有些瞬间动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等,可以用现在进行时表示短暂的将来。如：(1) Tom, dinner is ready. I'm coming, Mum. (2) The plane is arriving. (3) I am leaving. 练习1. I'm sure that your letter _ (get) immediate attention. They know you're waiting for the reply.2. The bridge_(build) next year.3. Standing on the top of the Oriental Pearl Tower, you _ (have) a good bird's-eye view of Shanghai city.4. After this time, tests _(do) every five years.二、 将来进行时1. 含义将来某一具体时间正在进行的动作Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be attending a class at that time.2. 谓语动词：will be doing总结1主动语态：）（ do为例）时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在(1)do(5)be doing(9)have done(13)have been doing过去(2)did(6)be doing(10)had done(14)had been doing将来(3)will do(7)will be doing(11)will have done(15)will have been doing过去将来(4)would do(8)would be doing(12)would have done(16)would have been doing2 被动语态高考真题一、单句语法填空1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, 2. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 3. Henry _ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 4. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 5. In the last five years, Cao _ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.6. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _ (address) the opening ceremony. 7. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 8. But Cobb and others _ （be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _（change）their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 9. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of them climate scientists _ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.10. You cant help wondering how hard it _（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 11. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 12. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 13. We _ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 14. It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.15. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.16. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _（sell）most of their furniture.17. It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy. 18. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. 19. As it _ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream20. There _(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 21. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 22. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”. 23. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _ (carry) special significance. 24. The artist was sure he would_(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. 25.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they s